How many names do hard people have? Why is it called "wine channel" and "wine gate"?

Hademen, also known as Wenmingmen and Haidaimen, was founded in 1268. It has been nearly 800 years since Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Because it is a special channel for transporting wine to the imperial city, it is called "wine gate" and "wine channel", so it is famous all over the world. "Wine Road" is the ultimate achievement of Chinese wine culture. Homophony is also called "Hadamen" and officially called "Chongwenmen". It is called "the door of attracting money" because talented people must take the exam, and it is also called "the door of attracting money" because the tax department was established here in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is one of the famous houses in Kyoto. Because of a famous family's reputation, many merchants realize its value and actively develop Hadmen culture. Among them, Qingdao Haidaimen Brewing Co., Ltd. registered the trademark "Hademen" for liquor marketing. China's famous "Hademen cigarette" has a history of more than 80 years and is a national famous brand product.

Reference: Talking about Chongwenmen

Shenxinfu

Chongwen District, one of the four major urban areas in Beijing, is undoubtedly named after Chongwenmen. Chongwenmen was originally one of the eleven gates in Yuan Dynasty (then known as Wenmingmen), and it was the easternmost of the three gates in Chengnan. In the Ming Dynasty, Beijing was rebuilt and eleven gates were changed into nine gates. Although the location of Wenmingmen remained unchanged, it was renamed Chongwenmen. The Qing dynasty used this name until today. There are many anecdotes about iron.

The capital of the Yuan Dynasty was rammed with earth (called "Banlou" in ancient times), which stood tall with a wide bottom and a narrow top. It was founded in 1267 (four years from Yuan Dynasty to Yuan Dynasty) and completed in 1276 (thirteen years from Yuan Dynasty) for ten years. Because it is tamped with soil, the problem of how to prevent rain from washing away urban soil arises. Later, thousands of households Wang Qingrui (official name) suggested that "weaving with reeds should be from bottom to top". Covered with reed curtain from bottom to top, just like people wearing hemp fiber, it is called Acropolis or Kuncheng for short, and a shady field is set outside the gate of civilization. "Analysis of Golden Branches" states that "reeds should be harvested to harvest the city" every year, which amounts to "one million" (burden). Today, the top ten headlines about grass species in Chongwen District, the names of the South, North and Middle Reed Grass Gardens (formerly known as Reed Gardens) are all related to the reed harvesting field in Yuan Dynasty. Later, due to the battle for the throne in the Yuan Dynasty, the guarding city side was afraid that the other side would attack the city with fire, so it removed the reed curtain.

Why did the Yuan Dynasty open eleven doors, three in the south, two in the north, three in the east and three in the west? There is no record in the official history. The "Flowers in Farmland" written at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty (the author is unknown) said that "Yancheng was customized for Liu Taibao, and all eleven doors were made as Nezha City, with three heads, six arms and two feet". Later, Changyu wrote: "Most of them are surrounded by eleven gates, and Nezha City is made of grass and soil." Like this, the Eleven Doors are the symbol of Nezha's legendary image. Three gates into the city are "three heads", two gates in the north city are "two feet" and three gates in the east and west are "six arms". "There are eleven doors in the narrowest building, and horses and chariots are like clouds" (Qing Naixian's "Jin Tai Ji"), which shows that most of them are very lively. As for the "Liu Taibao" who designed most of them into eleven doors, it was Liu. He used to be a monk, and his name was Cong Cong. After becoming an official, he changed his name to Liu. The supreme ruler of the Yuan Dynasty believed in Buddhism. Liu Jing was introduced by a monk named Haiyun and met Kublai Khan, who had not succeeded to the throne at that time. Liu followed Kublai Khan to attack Yunnan and the Southern Song Dynasty, and was highly valued by Kublai Khan. After Kublai Khan ascended the throne, he was named Liu Wei Pacific Insurance and participated in state affairs. Although Liu is a Buddhist, he has carefully studied Taoism, and relished Tai Chi, Two Instruments, Four Elephants, Eight Diagrams and Shao Yong's "The Book of the World" in Song Dynasty. He was one of the main leaders in the construction of Dadoucheng, especially in planning and design. Therefore, in order to cater to the arrogance and superstition of the supreme ruler of the Yuan Dynasty and to show his theory and ambition, it is entirely possible for him to promote unfounded "Shinto" from the design of the number of city gates. Liu was buried in Lugouqiao after his death.

The civilized gate of the Yuan Dynasty was also called Hadamen. Textual research on sun's old news quoted Tianjin's records as saying: "Hadafu is in the door, hence its name." Who is King Hada? There is no way to prove it. Hada was misinformed as Hada and Hade, and there were Hada brand cigarettes before liberation. In the Yuan Dynasty, Hadamen's name had surpassed Wenmingmen's. When writing, some intellectuals think that Hada and Hada are not elegant enough. On the one hand, they use their own homophones, on the other hand, they use the geographical location of Wenmingmen at the eastern end of Cheng Nan to write "Haidaimen". "Chang 'an Hakka Dialect" written by Amin Jiang Yikui said: "Mount Tai and Bohai Sea are all in the east of the city, which was taken by the famous Haidai in the Yuan Dynasty. "The sea, namely the Bohai Sea and the East China Sea; Dai, that is, Daizong, Daizong is Taishan. Du Fu, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem, "Why do you hurt the Zongfu? It is so vast that it spans the height of Qi and Lu. ".These two places are in the east, which makes sense. During the Qianlong period, Yang Congqing added another sentence to "Overview of the Situation in Beijing": (Chongwenmen) "It is also called Haidai, and it is said that mountains and seas are all ladders to pay tribute, so what is the tax department?" This is just from Xuan Shi's legacy of old Beijing in the Ming Dynasty that "the nine divisions in the capital are all taxed, and Yu Chongwen is the first division to unify them". Because there is a State Administration of Taxation in Chongwenmen, it is extremely far-fetched to interpret "Haidai" as "all over the mountains and plains". However, no matter how to interpret the word "Haidai", scholars in Ming and Qing Dynasties and even the supreme rulers often use "Haidai" instead of "civilization" and "respect for literature". For example, Amin poet Zhuo Mingqing's poem "Climbing Chongwen Building" said: "The first night of the city was full of pure air, and Haidai's eyes were wide open. Purple gas, he sat down, Wan Li autumn stage. "To Adai Gate, autumn is crisp, east is purple, and Wan Li's eyes are wide open. How magnificent! The poem of Baihuatang written by Qing people: "Haide looks up at the door, and the dust is bitter and the body is cheap." Start with your own "low body" and praise the towering sea door. So from the Yuan Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, Chongwenmen area was inhabited by many dignitaries. For example, in Chen Yuanlue, Wang Yan, an imperial envoy of the Yuan Dynasty, built a villa in the southeast of Wenmingmen, which was "the first in garden architecture" and even a "Shui Mu Tsinghua Pavilion", which was particularly prominent. At that time, Youren Xu wrote a cloud: "When you climb this pavilion, you will see five clouds in the north (the city gate); Look at the grass in the west (referring to the ships on the Tonghui River), which is generally between the vast smoke waves and the jagged clouds and trees. "It can be seen that the grand occasion near Wenmingmen at that time. After his death, he was given the title of ""by Yongzheng Jinshi, University of Dongge and his wife Bao Liu Tongxun (according to the overflow law of Qing Dynasty, "Zheng Wen" was the hardest and least), and Yongzheng gave him the imperial poem "Haidai Gaomen", which means that Liu is a famous family living in Haidai Gate. " "Water Plants Clear Shu Lu" also records that the famous calligrapher Zhang Zhao also lives outside Chongwenmen. The exhibition is grand and profound, and there is a Nanmu Pavilion, which is very particular. However, Chongwenmen in Qing Dynasty is no longer the southern city site of Yuan Dynasty and the southernmost capital of early Ming Dynasty, but has become a more lively inner city.

The story goes like this: Zhu Xiang, the Ming emperor, was originally sealed in Beijing. After seizing the throne of his nephew Wen Jian, he decided to move the capital from Nanjing to Beijing and named it Yongle. So from 1406 (the fourth year of Yongle), on the basis of the Yuan capital, Beijing was rebuilt. Completed in 1420 (18th year of Yongle). After the reconstruction of Beijing City, the ruins of Chengnan City in Yuan Dynasty were first moved to the south by 0.8 km. Initially, the Dadu Cheng Nan site was located in the northern section of today's Tiananmen Square, and it became what it is now after moving south. At the same time, the northern city was demolished, and the eastern and western cities were also demolished, and the northern city was built. Outside Andingmen, near Jimen Bridge, there are still remains of Tucheng in Yuan Dynasty. Second, turn a earthen city into a brick city. Although the Tucheng in Yuan Dynasty was covered with "hemp fiber", the reed curtain could not stop the rain. Therefore, in the Yuan Dynasty, some "city collapses" often occurred. In the twenty or thirty years of Kublai Khan's era alone, "city collapses" occurred eight times. Every repair costs people and money, and it doesn't cost a penny. The brick city rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty is also slightly trapezoidal, with a wide bottom and a narrow top. Between each row of bricks, there is an upward dimple, which is convenient for rainwater to flow down. Third, in the Yuan Dynasty, the eleven gates were changed to nine gates, while the three gates in Nancheng remained unchanged, only the name of the city gate was changed, such as Wenming Gate to Chongwen Gate, until today.

In A.D. 1552 (thirty-one year of Ming Jiajing), in order to prevent the invasion of northern minorities, it was planned to build another outer city outside Beijing. As a result, due to the limited financial and material resources, only a narrow wall was built outside Chengnan City, that is, the outer city from Guangqumen in the east to Guangningmen in the west today, also known as Los Angeles. In this way, Chongwenmen, the southernmost gate in Beijing, became an inner city. There are more and more shops, residents and businessmen going out from this door.

After the Qing dynasty, urban construction followed the Ming system. In order to adjust the income of Manchu officials in Beijing, "nine capitals were taxed, and Yu Chongwen was the first to be unified" (see Ming Xuan Shi's Legacy of Old Beijing). At first, the customs tariff stipulated that luggage was not taxed. "However, foreigners often have something to pay taxes, such as silk and satin." So "private money is considered as tax-free capital" and even "even if there is no commodity, it will be levied". Customs officials "patrol again, that is, tax evasion, double punishment" (see Tian Zhiou's news for all the above). Chen Kangqi's "Reading Classics" in Qing Dynasty said: "Wu Zhongcheng was deeply impressed by Shandong's political envoys. Customs officials (referring to Chongwenmen Tax Bureau) demand too much, but the people can't reach it. But they put their clothes and quilts outside and went forward with a servant, saying,' I have ears, why should I pay taxes!' "I borrowed a mattress from an old friend when I went in, and then I left." There are many procedures when collecting taxes, and the cross-examination is fully prepared, which wastes time. Generally, small vendors have to line up. Over time, the peddler came up with a way; According to the amount of their goods, put the tax on the brim and go to the pass, and the customs officers will release it immediately after receiving the money. In the Qing Dynasty, there was a poem by Cha Sitang, saying, "There are nine lessons and one specialty, and the clues are interlinked. The servant pays taxes out of his own pocket and steals double money from the temple. " The money belongs to the collector. Chongwenmen Taxation Bureau made a lot of money. In order to prevent other officials from being jealous, it is held in the name of "offering fresh food" every March. Sending yellow croaker to emperors and ministers, winter bamboo shoots and October whitebait became disguised trophies. At that time, it was also stipulated that "cooking pots" were not allowed in the city. All foreign wines are sold by the wine merchants designated by the government, and there are 8 designated 18 in Chongwenmen, which are collectively collected, sold and taxed, commonly known as "eighteen hotels". The tax on wine is very heavy. In order to make a living, ordinary small brewing workshops often hang pig urine neck full of wine on their chests at night and secretly climb over the city walls to avoid paying high taxes. This is the "bootlegging" one. It is hard and dangerous to carry illicit liquor. Backed against the city wall, they pushed and scraped the slightly protruding parts of each row of city bricks tightly with their feet and hands, and "climbed" up bit by bit. When they arrived in the city, they tied their bodies with ropes. The cruel exploitation of feudal rulers forced the people to struggle for survival. Therefore, Chongwen Taxation Bureau was called "the gate of hell" at that time.

From the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Chongwen Gate was quite lively, and vendors, large and small, were busy. The moat is clear, there are bridges on the river, boats in the middle reaches of the river, and flowers and trees on both sides. Green willows are facing the wind, and red flowers invite the bright moon, which is beautiful. Amin poet Dong Xuan wrote a poem entitled "The Gate of Civilization in Midsummer": "Outside the Gate of Civilization, Liu Yin's shadow and Huang Peng's flowers send a good voice." Looking back from the fishing ditch, the Fengge is five clouds deep. "Not far from the bridge is the Wall City." There is a market four days a month, with many daily necessities and farm tools. The four hutongs in the north are all needed for boudoir decoration, and the jade feathers and bright artificial flowers belong to the righteous bun, which is full of four rooms (see Tian Zhiou's smell). To the east along the moat, there is Taiping Palace, commonly known as Flat Peach Palace. Every March, "People call for help, Qi Fei visits here", "People sleep in the fragrant grass" and "Arrows are sprinkled (pot-throwing game) on Qingyang Slope" (see Pan Rongbi's Ji Sheng at the Age of Jingdi in the early Qing Dynasty). At the end of the Qing Dynasty, people also said that "the temple city of Taiping Palace is the most prosperous", "the land is close to the river ridge, there is no city ridge, the spring waves are green, the soft soil is paved with red, and the dikes enter the Song Dynasty, and the clothes are fragrant and the temples are swaying, which is 30 miles. "In winter, there is another scenery on the moat:" It is freezing in winter, and the bed is made of wood with steel bars embedded under it. One person leads the rope in front, and three or four people ride like flies on the ice. This is called dragging the bed. With snow and clouds, the scenery is more picturesque. People who skate on ice have iron teeth on their shoes. They are very popular on the ice. They compete to win the championship like lightning. This is called skating. Everyone is under the moat, getting together to slide and dragging the bed. Even the mopping bed is connected to a place, which is convenient to take care of. Drinking and singing loudly, two or three people pull it. Compared with riding a horse, it is far better than riding a car "(see" Ji Sheng at the age of Emperor Jing "). Later, the moat water gradually silted up, and the Qing government and the warlords of the Republic of China did not redouble their efforts. The scenery of the past is gone forever. The traffic from Chongwenmen to Pantao Palace was changed to riding donkeys; Donkeys know the way, don't walk around, don't need someone to lead them, and will pick up pedestrians at their destination without making mistakes. This situation continued until the eve of liberation.

Now, Chongwenmen city wall has been demolished, and the moat water has been changed to underground ditch circulation. Along the ruins of the city wall, there is a wide and clean asphalt road on the ground, and people walk around the clock. On both sides of the road, tall buildings stand tall and embroidered curtains live in thousands of households. There is a ring railway underground, which extends in all directions and is very fast, handling hundreds of thousands of people every day. Compared with the Yuan Dynasty 700 years ago, it is a world of difference.