How much do you know about Yiwu’s historical and cultural heritage?

Hello, Yiwu’s historical and cultural heritage, historical and cultural villages and towns, and traditional vernacular architecture are the materialized achievements of human civilization and are non-renewable precious resources. In our city, how many relevant historical and cultural relics have been left to us by our ancestors?

According to statistics, there are 51 cultural relics protection units in Yiwu City. Among them, there are 2 national-level cultural relics protection units, 5 provincial-level cultural relics protection units, and 44 Yiwu municipal-level cultural relics protection units. There are 2 provincial historical and cultural blocks, villages and towns. Most of these historical and cultural relics are famous far and wide and are known to everyone of all ages. In addition, there are 291 Yiwu municipal-level cultural relics protection sites, scattered throughout the city like goddesses scattering flowers. The specific distribution in each town and street is as follows:

Chi'an Town: 33 ancient buildings, 2 ancient tombs, There are 1 stone carvings and 2 ancient kiln sites.

Yiting Town: 20 ancient buildings.

Fotang Town: 50 ancient buildings, 1 stone carving, and 1 ancient ruins.

Suxi Town: 13 ancient buildings, 2 ancient tombs, and 2 revolutionary memorial tombs.

Shangxi Town: 20 ancient buildings, 1 celebrity tomb, and 1 stone carving.

Dachen Town: 16 ancient buildings and 2 revolutionary memorial tombs.

Beiyuan Street: 19 ancient buildings.

Jiangdong Street: 10 ancient buildings, 6 ancient tombs, and 1 stone carving.

Houzhai Street: 19 ancient buildings, 1 ancient site, and 1 revolutionary memorial tomb.

Niansanli Street: 24 ancient buildings, 1 ancient kiln site, and 1 stone carving.

Choucheng Street: 13 ancient buildings and 1 ancient tomb.

Chengxi Street: 15 ancient buildings and 1 inscription.

Choujiang Street: 11 ancient buildings.

We cannot avoid a grim reality: due to historical ups and downs and various human factors, some ancient buildings left to us by our ancestors are drifting away from us.

Yes, every place will face problems of development and protection in the process of modernization. Whether historical sites of important value are regarded as wealth or a burden on economic development and urban construction reflects the value orientation of respecting historical and cultural heritage. If the value orientation deviates, the faster the economy develops, the more serious the damage to historical and cultural heritage will become.

In the current construction of a new socialist countryside in full swing, the rescue and protection of cultural heritage such as ancient rural buildings and residences has become more prominent. Some people have misunderstandings in their ideological understanding and do not fully understand the positive interactive relationship between cultural heritage protection and new rural construction and economic development. They believe that preserving ancient buildings will directly affect the new rural construction and economic development. Therefore, the protection of ancient buildings and residences has not attracted enough attention. Firewood and sundries are piled randomly in many ancient buildings and residences, and wires are connected at will. Most of them are occupied by the elderly. Some are rented out to migrant workers who set up stoves and use fires at will. This is extremely prone to fires and poses many safety risks. As for daily management and maintenance, there is no way to talk about it. In particular, the implementation of village renovation and old village reconstruction plans poses the greatest threat to the protection of ancient buildings and residences. With the acceleration of the city's new rural construction process, many rural areas have begun to implement old village demolition, reconstruction and renovation plans. Therefore, many ancient buildings and residences are facing the fate of being demolished and destroyed.

Faced with the grim reality, some people of insight loudly shouted: Our construction of a new socialist countryside requires steel and concrete, but also a profound historical and cultural heritage. It is urgent to effectively protect historical and cultural relics in the construction of new rural areas.

What is gratifying is that Comrade Lou Guohua, Secretary of the Municipal Party Committee, has repeatedly emphasized this, Comrade Wu Weirong, Deputy Secretary of the Municipal Party Committee and Mayor, has given instructions many times, and the municipal government has recently issued the "Regulations on Strengthening the Protection of Historical and Cultural Relics" Several Opinions". The municipal government and relevant departments have put the protection of historical and cultural relics on their important agenda and incorporated it into economic and social development plans and urban and rural planning. The spring for the protection of historical and cultural relics in our city has quietly arrived.

Here, the whole society needs to further develop political awareness. Ancient buildings are the crystallization of history and culture and the bridge between the past and the future. Every ancient building carries the crystallization of the struggle of our ancestors, witnesses the vicissitudes of the world, and records the rise and fall of history.

Due to the infiltration of history, culture and folklore, the existing ancient buildings are increasingly exuding magical charm. Today, when we are building a harmonious socialist society and building a new socialist countryside, we must fully explore the historical and cultural connotations of ancient buildings, introduce the old and bring forth the new, carry on the past and open up the future, thereby enriching our historical and cultural heritage, improving our modern cultural taste, and strengthening the socialist spirit The construction of civilization is of great and far-reaching significance.

The rare ancient town of Fotang Town in the country

The ancient town of Fotang Town, known as "Zhejiang Zhouzhuang" by experts, is known for its mysterious street layout and its vast collection of buildings, The ancient architectural and residential complex that combines the three characteristics of painting and sculpture has attracted great interest from Chinese and foreign archaeological and architectural experts.

The streets and lanes of the ancient Buddhist town are not large in scale, but the layout planning is very clever and scientific. Straight streets and horizontal streets combine wide and narrow streets with clear division of labor. According to experts and experts in architectural planning and design, the layout of streets and lanes in Fotang Ancient Town is very similar to that of Beijing. The ruins of more than a dozen docks along the river are currently well preserved. The new and old market bases, which are called farmers' markets in modern times, are the firewood and rice markets that were formed during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The arrangements are very appropriate, scientific and reasonable. The storefront houses on the main and side streets, side streets and the market base of the ancient town are all two-story wooden structure houses. They are ancient buildings from the Ming and Qing Dynasties that are rare today.

Wood carving galleries line both sides of the street. The alleys are narrow and winding, connecting Zhijie, East Street and West Street. This layout facilitates the diversion, transportation, evacuation and commuting of people and goods. At the west end of the four horizontal streets is a 400- to 500-meter-long stone embankment and a row of riverside piers. At its peak, there were 16 piers. The various wharves pass through West Street and arrive at Zhi Street, and deliver the landed goods to various shops on West Street and Zhi Street. This is also where teahouses and wine shops gather. These teahouses and restaurants are all two-story wooden storefronts, with a row of small balconies on the second floor facing the street, fifty centimeters wide, neat and antique. They are all equipped with wooden carved panels about fifty centimeters high, or "beauty seats" assembled from rounded wood. It forms a unique street scenery of the particularly elegant and unique Fotang Ancient Street. Walking here, I see things and think about the scenery, as if I heard the melodious sound of the piano from the beauty back then.

The layout and structure of the ancient streets and alleys in Fotang Town are simple and elegant, and it is rare in the country to be so intact. As early as November 1989, when the National Traditional Residential Architecture Research Conference was held in Yiwu, experts such as Dai Nianci, then Vice Minister of the Ministry of Construction, and Wang Gong, President of the China Academy of Architectural Sciences, visited the residential buildings and streets of Fotang Town. , struck the case in surprise, and happily wrote: "We must protect the street of Buddhist temples." Now, the Yiwu Municipal Government and the Fotang Town Government have done a lot of work to protect the buildings of Fotang Ancient Town and organized research and development. In the near future, Fotang Ancient Town will be displayed in front of people as "Zhejiang Zhouzhuang".

The ancestral hall has become a rural cultural center again

During the Spring Festival, the most lively thing is the dragon lantern dance. If there is an ancestral hall in the village, most of the dragon heads are enshrined in the ancestral hall. At this time, the ancestral hall has obviously become the most sacred place in the minds of the villagers.

In recent years, the ancient ancestral hall that once declined has regained its youth. Quite a few ancestral halls in our city have been repaired and protected. Xiangbei Village, Shangxi Town, invested more than 400,000 yuan to renovate 12 ancestral halls in the village that had been idle for many years, and built a chess and card room, reading room, table tennis room, gym and other cultural and fitness centers and senior citizens' associations. In the world-famous Chongshan Village, after the village spent a huge amount of money to repair the ancestral hall, it was built into the Yiwu Exhibition Hall of the Japanese Invaders’ Bacterial Warfare. It not only became the center of local patriotism education, but also hosted many people from the United States, Japan, Canada and other countries. International friends have become an international window to expose fascist war crimes.

Among the traditional local buildings in Yiwu City, there are many ancestral halls and halls, which are the political center of a village. They contain ancient and simple traditional cultural connotations and are important places for villagers to gather and communicate on a daily basis. Fully exploring the profound rural customs and civilization of ancestral halls and halls, and using ancestral halls and halls to carry out positive political, cultural, educational and other activities in rural areas play an irreplaceable and important role in building a harmonious society.

Many renovated ancestral halls and halls in Yiwu City have now become office spaces for village-level organizations, senior citizen activity rooms, party member activity rooms or table tennis rooms, chess and card rooms, libraries and other political, sports and cultural activities place.

Some have set up scientific research training rooms, distance education rooms, radio rooms, popular science reading rooms, etc. as science and technology classrooms to release wealth-making information to farmers in a timely manner and teach planting techniques, so that farmers can obtain technical knowledge and market information at their doorsteps. Some rural areas also use ancient dwellings and ancient villages and towns to organize rural leisure tourism, further enriching the spiritual and cultural life of urban and rural residents.

The Fading Back

In the long history, an ancient building disappears in the blink of an eye.

Although ancient buildings are non-renewable historical treasures, they cannot escape the historical cycle of life and death. Even the "bronze gate and iron wall" cannot withstand the wind and rain of time. Known as the "watershed between Tongmen and Iron Walls", Tongmen is located in Chi'an No. 2 Village, Chi'an Town, an important town in the southwest of Yiwu. It was built in the middle of the Ming Dynasty and has a history of more than 500 years. The most important thing about a bronze door is the front wall and door. The door was made of pure copper by the eighteen copper shops and eighteen iron shops that were the most developed in Chi'an at that time. Therefore, the house was named "Copper Foyer". The wall is made of water-polished bricks, and no gaps can be seen. It seems to be a single piece, so it is called an "iron wall".

It is said that the ancestor of the Tongmen Hall was an important minister of the imperial court. Later, he retired and returned to his hometown to build the Tongmen Hall. Due to the large layout of the hall and the large number of rooms in the house, it was suspected of being a crime. Some villains in the officialdom made a complaint to the emperor. The emperor listened to the slander and sent people to raid the house. When the owner of the Tongmen Hall found out, he used smoke to blacken the beams and pillars, saying that they were left behind by his ancestors a long time ago, so he escaped the disaster. However, it is impossible to escape man-made destruction but natural erosion. Nowadays, the copper door has disappeared. Later, people made a wooden door and nailed large copper nails on the door surface to temporarily serve as a copper door. The south wing has also collapsed, and the central hall was destroyed by fire a few years ago. The majestic appearance of the bronze door is disappearing before people's eyes.

In the process of urbanization in Yiwu City, such stories are repeated constantly. Needless to say, the destruction of the eight-sided tomb with extremely high cultural relic value (the cemetery of Liu Hui, the great-grandson of Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty and King of Yiyang, whose land was in Yiwu), nor the destruction of the Dacheng Hall of the Yizhong Confucian Temple, which is rare in central Zhejiang Dismantling, let alone the demolition of the two Chen Dazhai ancestral halls in Yuanyi Division that were comparable to Dongyang Luzhai, just talking about the demolition of the Chaoyangmen ancient city tower, seems to be extremely necessary to reflect on today. If Chaoyangmen New Street had been moved a few tens of meters south, Maojia Lane had been opened, and Huangyuan Road had been extended to the west, then there would not have been two dead ends (Huangyuan Road and Xianqian Street), and Protecting the Chaoyangmen historic site was the best of both worlds, but now it has become a pity.

Such stories also continue in the construction of new socialist countryside. On June 11, 2005, Jixu Hall, a centuries-old ancient building in East Xinwu Village, Jiangdong Street, was auctioned. The lingering sound of the heavy hammer sound following the Xutang auction is still shocking the cultural and historical circles of the mall. Not long ago, another ancient building in our city was sold for 240,000 yuan, and it was sold for 800,000 yuan as soon as it changed hands.

How much sorrow do you have in your heart? My hometown cannot bear to look back in the bright moon. Many ancient buildings left by our ancestors are drifting away from us!

The living environment of the "old age"

Witness 1:

Located in Liuqing No. 1 Village, Beiyuan Street, Youtu Hall, Hoe Sutra Hall, Cunhoutang was built by three generations of the Yang family. The main buildings are Youtu Hall and Hoe Sutra Hall. The five buildings at the front and back are divided into three courtyards, separated by an alley in the middle. The layout is regular. The building materials are large and exquisite. The columns, beams and carved components are all made of camphor wood, and the carvings are exquisite. The beams, purlins, rafters, corbels, finials, brackets, doors and windows are all carved with exquisite craftsmanship. It is a good example for studying the central Zhejiang region. The development of architectural structures and Dongyang woodcarving craftsmanship in the early and mid-Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty provides physical evidence.

The building was originally planned to be demolished during the renovation of the old village. After listening to and adopting the opinions and suggestions of the cultural relics department, the two village committees paid attention to it and preserved it. However, Youtaotang rents a factory with goods piled everywhere, poor ventilation, and poor protection and management measures, which is not conducive to the protection of cultural relics and can easily cause fires.

Witness 2:

The Yixing Hall (Houchao Hall) on Beilei Ancient Street was built in the 51st year of Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty (1786). It is divided into three entrances, three bays, two rooms and two corridors. Covering an area of ??more than 1,000 square meters, it is large in scale. The facade uses a five-bay brick arch gate, which looks majestic.

The content is based on the traditional folk themes of fortune, wealth, longevity, and happiness, and is carved with patterns such as dragons, phoenixes, cranes, geese, and peonies. The carvings are exquisite and the techniques are exquisite. The beams, purlins, beams, corbels, finials, brackets, doors and windows in the foyer and hall are full of carvings, embodying the essence of Dongyang wood carvings. The bluestone sill wall on the front eaves and facades of the wing rooms is also a major feature.

The property rights of the building belong to more than a dozen residents, but only a few live in it. It was improperly protected and managed during use, and was seriously dirty, messy, and in poor condition. The beams were rotten and the cornices were partially peeled off. The cultural relics are in a worrying state and are in urgent need of repair.

Witness three:

Fotang Tangxiayang Village Dunhoutang was built in 1925. It faces south and has three main rooms, three left and right wing rooms, and a "concave" plan. ""-shaped building, covering an area of ??304 square meters, is a front porch-style courtyard structure. A major feature of this building is the exquisite wood carving craftsmanship. The beams, purlins, rafters, finials, brackets, corbels and the ceiling of the front eaves are all covered with carvings, including patterns of civil and military officials, the Eight Immortals, the Eight Treasures of Auspiciousness, and the phoenix. There are traditional auspicious patterns such as wearing peonies, cranes and deer for longevity, bats for good luck, first-rank official residence, immediately becoming a marquis, and Lianke all the way, as well as stories of characters from the Three Kingdoms and scenes of battles and battles such as the "Empty City Strategy". The wooden carvings on the lattice door of the wing are made of low-relief craftsmanship, integrating poetry, calligraphy and painting. The contents include "Farming Picture" (instructing children to get up early and work hard in the fields), "Morning Reading Picture" (teaching children to sleep early and read early), "Talented Scholars and Beautiful Women" (Picture of Talented Scholars and Beautiful Women). Drinking wine among the flowers (Lao Hongxiu), very tasteful. There are also pictures of plums, orchids, bamboos, chrysanthemums, auspicious clouds and peonies, Sanduo pictures, flowers and birds, etc.

The building is owned by two households. The one on the west side is a retired teacher. They pay great attention to the protection of the house. The residents on the east side are used to run line tower factories, so there are hidden dangers in terms of fire protection. In addition, the hall of the main house was used by two families and was used to pile up sundries, which is very regrettable.

Increase financial subsidies for repairs

The key to the protection of historical and cultural relics is the issue of repair funds. In the "Several Opinions on Strengthening the Protection of Historical and Cultural Relics" issued by the municipal government at the beginning of this year, it is gratifying to see the intensity of financial subsidies for the repair and maintenance of ancient buildings and other historical and cultural relics.

The "Cultural Relics Protection Law of the People's Republic of China" stipulates that the property owners of cultural relics protection units and cultural relics protection sites are the first person responsible for repair and protection. If the property rights belong to the state or there is no property owner, the municipal government will repair them. If the property rights belong to enterprises, institutions or collectives, they shall be repaired and maintained by the enterprises, institutions or collectives. If the property rights belong to individuals, they will be repaired and maintained by the individuals.

According to the municipal government's "Several Opinions on Strengthening the Protection of Historical and Cultural Relics", our city will spend about five years starting from 2007, based on priorities, to carry out an inspection of cultural relics protection units and cultural relics protection sites above the municipal level. Rescue repairs will solve three urgent problems such as rain leakage, structural reinforcement and aging wires, and will be equipped with necessary fire-fighting facilities. For cultural relics protection units at or above the municipal level, 80% of the required funds will be subsidized by the municipal finance. Cultural relics protection sites above level 1 will receive a 60% subsidy from the municipal finance.

For cultural relics protection units and cultural relics protection sites at or above the municipal level whose property rights belong to collectives or individuals, if the collective or individual is willing to donate voluntarily, the entire property rights of the historical and cultural relics can be donated to the state free of charge. After the donation, the city will Financial allocations were made for repairs. The municipal government will issue certificates of honor to donors to commend them. It is also possible to transfer the property rights of the historical and cultural heritage to the state as a whole based on the assessed price without compensating the land, and the municipal finance will allocate funds for repairs. After signing a donation agreement or transfer agreement, the land ownership and house ownership of the historical and cultural relics belong to the state.

For cultural relics protection units and cultural relics protection sites at or above the municipal level whose property rights belong to collectives or individuals and are protected in situ according to the plan, if the collective or individual raises funds for overall repairs, the property rights can be raised between all property owners and the cultural relics administrative department. After signing the agreement, the property owner promises to repair according to the repair plan, manage it according to the government investment project, and conduct public bidding. After the repair cost is reviewed by the Municipal Culture, Radio, Television, Press and Publication Bureau and the Municipal Finance Bureau, 40% of the total repair cost will be subsidized by the municipal finance.

If cultural relics protection units and cultural relics protection sites at or above the municipal level need to be repaired, the cultural relics administrative department shall entrust the design unit to prepare a repair plan. The cost of preparing the repair plan shall be borne by the municipal finance.

Historical and cultural relics such as cultural relics protection units and cultural relics protection sites at or above the municipal level that are retained or relocated with approval during urban construction, old village reconstruction, village consolidation or other road, water conservancy and other construction projects, their When applying for residential land, the owner should sign a replacement agreement for the building's land use rights and house ownership with the village collective. After the replacement, the building's land use rights and house ownership will belong to the state or the village collective. The municipal finance allocates special funds for repair and protection every year and includes them in the budget.

Consult ancient buildings to find good prescriptions

At present, due to the large-scale new rural construction across the city, a large number of ancient buildings will be in danger of being destroyed at any time. To this end, relevant departments such as the Municipal Museum and the Archives of the Municipal Construction Bureau have invited experts from all walks of life to consult with ancient buildings and come up with good protection methods:

- It is recommended that the municipal cultural relics administrative department jointly work with the construction planning department to delineate The protection scope of ancient buildings shall be protected, and corresponding style coordination protection zones shall be demarcated according to actual needs. For areas where ancient buildings are relatively concentrated, the cultural relics administrative department shall work with the construction administrative department to formulate an overall protection plan for ancient buildings. Within the planned area, ancient buildings shall be protected. Reserve open space around the building; construction in the ancient architectural style coordination protection zone or in areas where ancient buildings are relatively concentrated shall not damage the environmental style of the ancient buildings. The construction plan must be approved by the cultural relics administrative department and submitted to the construction and planning administration. With the approval of the competent authorities, construction around ancient building sites will be strictly controlled. If construction is really needed, it must be submitted to the ancient building administrative department for approval, and the architectural style of the ancient building itself should be fully taken into consideration to achieve coordination and unity.

——Continue to do a good job in the application work of national and provincial key protection units, and increase the efforts to include Yiwu municipal cultural relics management objects. Declaring a grade for ancient buildings is the best protection and development of ancient buildings. It is also a good thing for promoting the local tourism economy. For example, Ximen Street, a street of ancient Ming and Qing buildings that has survived in our city, has many attractions, especially the Yiwu recruitment office of the national hero Qi Jiguang, Qitang where sailors were trained, and the Tongzi Mingzhongyi Temple, the anti-Japanese general who sacrificed his life for the country. There are many ancient buildings nearby, which are geographically connected and have history throughout ancient and modern times. Is it possible to build a Yiwu Spiritual Memorial Hall? All ancient building protection units must fully understand the importance of the application work for the protection of ancient buildings and the construction of historical and cultural cities in our city. At the same time, they can combine the development of tourism, fully explore and integrate ancient building resources, and increase the cultural connotation of our city’s tourism industry. Serve economic construction.

——On the basis of continuing to conduct research on ancient buildings, we will prescribe appropriate measures to different current categories and propose practical protection and repair measures. If the ancient building is appraised as dangerous, it is recommended to demolish it. The demolished fragments and components should be piled up and managed in a unified way. Through the original accumulation of ancient building accessories, it is recommended that when the time is right, an "architectural museum" or "ancient building museum" should be built. "Architecture Museum" protects and rescues these precious ancient architectural resources, allows future generations to learn more about Yiwu's splendid history and culture, and arouses people's awareness of protecting ancient buildings.

Great efforts should be made to protect the well-preserved and valuable ancient buildings, and they should be willing to invest. At the same time, comprehensive measurements, drawings, and documentation of ancient buildings are carried out, and regular field surveys are carried out. Problems that arise can be solved. Practical protection measures must be formulated and implemented to extend their life as much as possible.

For some damaged but valuable ancient buildings, effective measures should be taken to either preserve the remaining parts or protect them in off-site locations, and try to preserve the valuable remaining parts as much as possible. If there is a possibility of restoration, in accordance with the principle of "repair as before", restoration or off-site protection should be considered when conditions permit. For example: During the renovation of the old city in 2000, in order to protect the ancient residential buildings, the "Yiyuan" building with three rooms and two wings and the Jinshanling Dingtao Ancestral Hall with one room and three rooms were moved to Xiaozi Temple Park. The 18 old houses originally located at Huqing Gate were also moved to the Baixing Farm in the north of the city during the reconstruction of the old city, making the architectural features of the ancient residences more prominent and continuing to exude their unique charm.

The "stones" from all directions can attack jade

In order to more effectively protect ancient buildings in the city, France has formulated the "Urban Protection Act" and the United Kingdom has formulated the "Urban Civilization Act" , Japan has also included the protection of traditional architectural complexes in the "Cultural Property Preservation Act".

It is precisely because of the strict protection of the law that when people visit Europe and Japan today, they can stop in front of Gothic-style buildings, Renaissance museums, and the ancient streets of Kyoto.

For the protection of ancient buildings, the Quanzhou Municipal Government of Fujian Province arranges a special fund of 2 million yuan for the Quanzhou Municipal Construction Bureau every year to purchase ancient building components, fragments and attachments, and implement planned reconstruction land. An “architectural museum” was built to properly handle the relationship between demolition and reconstruction.

The relocation of Jiangsu Provincial offices from the former "Presidential Palace" of the National Government has raised not only the issue of office location relocation, but also the concept and thinking of ancient building protection. Relevant departments transformed the "Presidential Palace" into a museum of modern Chinese history sites, in line with the cultural relics protection guidelines and principles of "protection first, rescue first" and "effective protection, rational utilization, and strengthened management." After the museum was completed, it attracted visitors every year A large number of tourists come to visit, and it has become a key patriotic education base and one of the important tourist attractions in Jiangsu Province. It achieves a win-win situation of cultural and economic benefits and is a good example of successful ancient building protection.

The renovation of the old village in Hanling Village, Dongqian Lake, Ningbo, is called "the 'New Village Movement' in the ancient village." According to the village's plan, a few particularly "dazzling" new houses in the village will be demolished, while 91.9% of the village's old-fashioned buildings with local style will be retained and uniformly repaired. This unconventional choice of old and new buildings completely overturned the villagers' original literal understanding of the transformation of the old village. And this approach also conveys to us the message that the construction of new rural areas is not simply about removing the old and establishing new ones. In the transformation of some ancient villages, protection is even more important than new construction.