Beg a few Qing writers not to introduce stories that will happen to them.

From riding a bicycle to sending a manuscript to the post office, to publishing more than 30 works in 30 years, Jia Pingwa has won many important literary awards at home and abroad. He has been famous for his novel achievements for many years, but he has undoubtedly become a leading figure in the literary world.

Talking about affection: a first-class loyal minister and dutiful son, studying and ploughing.

"As parents, we say three words to our two children. The first sentence is an old couplet: a first-class loyal minister and dutiful son, two things to study and plow. Be a person who is useful to the country and responsible for the family. Good study will benefit you for a lifetime, and hard work will bring you food for a lifetime. The second sentence is the same old saying:' Bathing doesn't need rivers and seas, it needs decontamination; Horses don't have to aim at horses, they need to walk well. "To be an ordinary person and do serious things, you can love small changes, but you must have a big mind. The third sentence is still an old saying:' the heart is tied to one place'. In the years to come, you should create, cultivate, run in, build, maintain and improve your marriage. "

At her daughter's wedding, Jia Pingwa hoped for her daughter-in-law with these three sentences.

Jia Pingwa calls himself an "ugly Han Chinese", but he is a "genius" in my eyes. From these three sentences, we can also see his attitude and philosophy of life.

In Jia Pingwa's heart, the person who has the greatest influence on him in this life is his father. My father is a rural teacher, who likes to make friends and mind other people's affairs. Father is very strict with his family, especially his eldest son Jia Pingwa.

"From college to my father's death, in the long twenty years, as long as I go back, even if I leave tomorrow morning, my father will definitely hold a family meeting the night before, gather my mother, brothers and sisters, and sometimes tell my children about the way of the world, how to do good things in the unit, how to respect elders, how to be kind and tolerant, how to be modest and not arrogant, and so on, that is to say, these things. These old sayings are said today and may be said tomorrow, so everyone is taking a nap there. Finally, I said, it's time. It's late. It's one o'clock. It's time to go to bed. Everyone just went to bed. Every time, it's just a few hours. "

Father's sternness, in a sense, made Jia Pingwa. The reverence for his father made Jia Pingwa diligently embark on the literary road and later became a leading figure in the literary world. His father nagged him day and night, "Be tolerant, be kind, be modest and do good deeds", which influenced his life. In later days, it became his wealth.

However, as a father, Jia Pingwa is somewhat helpless in the face of her daughter's willfulness and naughty.

When the eldest daughter 12 years old, seeing the messy desk, Jia Pingwa personally wrote the Book for Teaching Women, and listed seven rules. "Warning" said the daughter, "You have broken all the pens at home! This kind of behavior of not cherishing pen and ink is not allowed in our family. " "If you want to mess it up, I'll help you make it more messy. See if it's comfortable! " Jia Pingwa also made the desk more messy to "show" her daughter. This is not a book to teach women. Obviously, it is a public security management regulation, which is not so much a discipline for children as a "prank" for older children to retaliate against children. Clumsy methods have no effect. The next day, he found a crumpled paper ball by his daughter's pillow. He opened it, and it turned out that he had written the Book of Teaching Girls! The daughter shrugged off her father's "shouyu" and threw it aside.

Jia Pingwa said frankly: As a husband and father, I really didn't do well. Like my youngest daughter now, I don't see her several times a week. When he came home, her daughter fell asleep. He is still sleeping. In the morning, his daughter gets up and goes to school, but the children are not affectionate with him. Her mother said "answer your father's phone" and she replied "no!" One morning, his wife said to him, hey! Your baby praises you, saying that the book that Dad bought is floating, which means it looks good. The daughter was most satisfied with him once, that is, buying books this time, not just her father himself!

Jia Pingwa's creations are all carried out in his own studio. Take a bag of rolled noodles or wrapped vegetarian dumplings to the studio in the morning, eat casually at noon and go home at night. Because she is busy, Jia Pingwa seldom takes her children and seldom goes out to play with her family. Whenever she has time, she always wants to stay quietly. Sometimes Jia Pingwa said to his wife, "You can treat me as a leading cadre, because leading cadres often can't take care of their families if they don't go back. Think of me as a cadre and secretary of the municipal party Committee. "

10 writers' stories:

Since Yu Hua published his debut novel "Going Out at Eighteen", he has caused a lot of shock and concern in the literary world and readers with his highly experimental works, and he has thus become a representative of China's avant-garde novels.

Introduction to Yu Hua: A native of Haiyan, Zhejiang Province, 1960 was born in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, and later moved to Haiyan County with his parents. After graduating from high school, he worked as a dentist, then gave up medicine and joined the county cultural center and Jiaxing Federation of Literary and Art Circles. Since then, he has formed an indissoluble bond with creation. Yu Hua studied in a postgraduate class jointly organized by Lu Xun College of Literature in Beijing and Chinese Department of Beijing Normal University, and 1984 began to publish novels. He is the author of a collection of short stories: Leaving at Eighteen, Things in Smoke, Living, and Xu Sanguan Selling Blood. His works have been translated into languages of more than ten countries, such as Japan, Korea, Britain, France, Italy, etc., which has caused quite a shock and concern among literary circles and readers. Therefore, he became the representative of China's avant-garde novels.

At first, being a writer had utilitarian purposes.

When talking about how he embarked on the road of literature, Yu Hua did not shy away from the fact that his original choice was utilitarian. "After graduation, I worked as a dentist for five years. It is no exaggeration to say that in the past five years, I have pulled out at least 10000 teeth and go to work at seven o'clock every day for eight hours. I feel like a caged bird. Sometimes I stand at the window and find people in the cultural center next door wandering in the street all day, so I ask them, don't they have to go to work? They told me this was the job, and I thought,' This job is good'. Later, I asked a friend in the cultural center:' How can I work in the cultural center?' He asked me to write a novel. I think I know more than 5000 Chinese characters. I can't make music or draw, but I can probably write novels, so I started writing novels. "

Yu Hua, who started writing novels, was lucky on the literary road. One of his short stories was selected by Beijing Literature, and he was asked to go to Beijing to revise it. This was a great event in Haiyan county where Yu Hua was located at that time. In Yu Hua's words, "Since the founding of New China, I was the first person in our county to go to Beijing to revise the manuscript. After I came back, the propaganda department of the county party Committee said that I was a talented person and could not be allowed to be a dentist. What should I do? Walking into the cultural center has satisfied my wish. "

Not grandiose, but so real, this is Yu Hua. Yu Hua said that on his first day at the cultural center, he was deliberately two hours late. As a result, he was the first to go to work at work, so his first thought was: I came to the right unit. After that, he started fishing for three days and drying nets for two days. Later, he didn't go to work until he got paid every month. Finally, he simply resigned and embarked on the road of professional writer.

Scholars are probably self-deprecating, and sometimes they are willing to win over some peers. After writing his own reasons, Yu Hua added a paragraph: "Later, I found that there are many people like me in this group. Once I went to Italy with Mo Yan and Wang Shuo, and the organizer asked us to write an article on "How did I embark on the literary road?" I realized that Mo Yan bought a pair of leather shoes to make money, and Wang Shuo wanted to change jobs with me.

However, self-mockery is self-mockery, but Yu Hua, like every successful writer, is serious about his literary creation. "Now my writing is entirely because of love, without any utility. In fact, when a writer is engaged in writing, most people may have a utilitarian side, but when he really enters this field, utilitarianism will gradually disappear. "

A good writer is first and foremost a good reader.

Although Yu Hua did not receive formal higher education because of the "Cultural Revolution", his extensive reading gave him a profound literary foundation. He claimed that his writing was initially influenced by Yasunari Kawabata, and later Kafka's works further liberated him. Kawabata Yasunari taught him how to describe details, and Faulkner taught him how to describe psychology. Let's listen to his feelings about several masters:

"Jack London's words have benefited me a lot, that is, I would rather read a Byron poem than read a hundred literary magazines. I read this in the early 1980s. At that time, I understood that reading classics should not be confined to literary magazines. Now I think this decision is correct. " "When I started reading foreign novels, I read Izu Dancer by Yasunari Kawabata, and his brushwork had a great influence on me. I remember he wrote an article about a mother sitting in front of her dead daughter's bed, which ended like this: her daughter's face, wearing makeup for the first time in her life, really looks like a married bride. This metaphor has a great influence on me, and let me know in which direction I should use it when writing articles in the future.

"All masters pay attention to details, and Lu Xun is a master in this field. In the first sentence of Kong Yiji, Kong Yiji's social status is clearly explained: in the layout of Xianheng Hotel, those who wear long gowns sit inside and those who wear short gowns sit outside, and only Kong Yiji sits outside in long gowns. Lu Xun's best stroke in this article is the scene in which Kong Yiji broke his leg and then went to the hotel. At that time, he opened his hand and had several copper coins in his hand. At this time, Lu Xun pointed out in one sentence how Kong Yiji came: his hands were covered with mud, so he came with these hands. The description of this detail shows the greatness of Lu Xun. It can be said that if this article doesn't describe how Kong Yiji came from, Lu Xun can't be called Lu Xun.

"I have always been obsessed with Kawabata Yasunari, until finally some cornered. Fortunately, I met Kafka and read his article The Country Doctor. What impressed me most was the horse in the article. At that time, I wondered how the horse left. Later I realized that writers should be free. It can be said that Kafka liberated my writing ability.

"It was Faulkner in America who taught me how to write psychological descriptions. This skill can last me a lifetime. I have read one of his short stories, describing a person's psychology after killing. He used all objective visual descriptions. After reading this novel, my psychological description is: stop the heartbeat and open your eyes. I'm afraid a million words is not enough to really write a person's psychology. Hugo said that the ocean is the widest in the world, the sky is wider than the ocean, and the human mind is wider than the sky. This is indeed the case, and the internal breadth cannot be described. "

Yu Hua himself said that he had been reading some famous literary works. In his view, real literary works can give people great changes, change your thoughts, change your feelings, and even change your thinking. His conclusion is that as a writer, he has an important identity, that is, a reader. Any writer is a reader first, and an excellent writer is an excellent reader first, and he can appreciate the strength in literary works.

I let my character speak for himself.

Yu Hua said that after reading his book, many people asked him if there was any shadow of him in the character description in the book. In this regard, he repeatedly stressed that characters are characters and authors are authors.

On his own creative path, Yu Hua divided himself into two stages. The first stage is three novels written from the beginning to the 1990s. For this stage, Yu Hua called his writing "overbearing". "During this time, I am holding the attitude that the characters don't talk. I let him say whatever he wants." In the 1990s, when Yu Hua started writing his first novel, one day he suddenly found that his characters began to suddenly speak. "I was surprised at the time, because this is not what I wanted to say, but he did write it from my pen. At that time, I felt that I was just recording." Although I have been restrained, there are more and more characters' own thoughts and words in the novel, and more and more people are "alive". "When it was time for Xu through selling blood, I completely put it down and let my characters speak for themselves. This feeling is wonderful. I found that the characters are alive. " Yu Hua called this period the second stage.

Although he has always insisted that writers and characters are two different things, Yu Hua also admitted that his childhood experiences had a great influence on him, such as the description of characters in Alive, and he thought that novelists in their twenties would not write like this again. "Childhood experience has a lifelong influence on a writer. My childhood impression of the world is like a blank sheet of paper copied in the copier, and all I did later was make some changes in some parts. "

In Yu Hua's articles, cleanliness and conciseness are one of his major characteristics, so how did this feature come from? Yu Hua's answer is music. "I didn't want to write such a long book as War and Peace before, but I forgot the front after reading it. I always thought it was too complicated. But once I heard Bach's Passion of Matthew, I found such a grand and rich symphony, but the music used was so simple, which gave people a great shock. This inspired me a lot and found that simplicity is so powerful. Later, I tried to write the story of Xu Sanguan selling blood in this style and try to use the language as simply as possible. "

Yu Hua said that he didn't know what direction his future writing would go. Only when he wrote it can he know.

10 writers' stories:

After the first article was published, cousin Liu Fangyuan encouraged Bing Xin, saying that she could write and asked her to write again. At the same time, I kept sending her more than a dozen new magazines, such as trendy, new youth and transformation. Lu Xun's novel Diary of a Madman published in New Youth magazine gave a great shock. At this time, her interest in reading extracurricular books suddenly became stronger. From books and newspapers, she learned about Dewey and Russell, Tolstoy and Tagore. At this time, I realized that there was philosophy in the novel, and her love for the novel was obviously revealed. After a period of brewing, Bing Xin wrote a novel "Two Families", describing that two families have embarked on two life paths because of different educational and cultural backgrounds. After writing the novel, I shyly sent it to my cousin in Liufang Garden.

This novel takes Bing Xin as the pen name. First, because of the word Bing Xin, the strokes are simple and easy to write, which means Zi Ying. Secondly, she is too timid to be criticized by others; Bingxin is a new word. When people see it, they won't think what the word has to do with Xie Wanying. After the manuscript was issued, she didn't even have the courage to ask! However, three days later, it was published. The novel was published in the morning paper for three days and signed by Ms. Bing Xin. Bing Xin called the newspaper and asked why "Ms" should be added after "Bing Xin". But what has happened cannot be changed. So later, Bing Xin often published articles and works under the pseudonym of "Ms. Bing Xin".

Seeing her own creation in the newspaper, Bing Xin felt unspeakable joy. Cousin Liu Fangyuan tried to encourage her to do it again. Bing Xin, full of enthusiasm, went to the streets to publicize, raise money and hold meetings during the day; I have been writing "problem novels" at night, and new works come out every week. Bing Xin's "problem novels" are all problems in the social life around him, such as "And you are lonely, helpless and poor", which tells the distress that young people are imprisoned by their stubborn fathers and cannot participate in the student movement; Autumn rain and autumn wind sorrow is about a young woman who is interested in serving the society. As soon as she graduated from middle school, she was forced to marry a rich boy and live a "housewife" life, thus ruining her life. Sister Zhuang Hong is about a girl who, as a civil servant's parents, can only get half a salary from the "poor" government every month, and because this family prefers boys to girls, she was forced to drop out of school and died of depression. In these novels, they are all given gray and dark endings, and the protagonists in the problem are depressed and depressed, and they are not given a glimmer of hope! At that time, Bing Xin herself couldn't think of a way to survive from death. Since then, the name Xie Wanying has been forgotten, but Bing Xin is famous all over the world.

There is a legend about the name Bing Xin that "water does not freeze". It's about Zhang Henshui, a famous novelist and author of "Marriage in distress situation" in the Republic of China. Formerly known as Zhang Xinyuan, he has a crush on Bingxin, a female writer, and takes "hate water" as his pen name to express his regret that he failed to freeze to death in the end.

10 writers' stories:

Gao Shiqi is a popular science writer in China. When I was studying abroad, I did an experiment. The glass bottle containing viral encephalitis was broken and the virus invaded his cerebellum. Since then, it has left a curse of physical disability. He endured the virus and completed all doctoral courses in bacteriology at the University of Chicago.

After returning home, he dragged himself to work in Yan 'an. After liberation, his condition deteriorated and it was very difficult to speak and act. Even he needs help to open and close his eyes. But he still works with amazing suffering spirit, and has written more than ten thousand words 1. Someone asked him if he was bitter, and he smiled and said, "No! Because I struggle every day, and struggle is endless fun.

10 writers' stories:

Qian Zhongshu is a famous great writer in China, and also a great scholar who runs through China and the West.

1in the summer of 929, Qian Zhongshu graduated from high school and took the entrance examination for Tsinghua University, the highest institution in China at that time. Just at the time of the entrance examination, Qian Zhongshu got the math test paper. The math problem looks like a gobbledygook. He can hardly do it, but he has to bite the bullet and do a few problems, and he doesn't know right or wrong.

When the list was published, Qian Zhongshu saw that he only got 15 in mathematics. According to the enrollment regulations of Tsinghua University, as long as one course fails, it will not be accepted. He did so badly in the math exam that he should say there was no hope at all. However, he got full marks in both Chinese and English. Luo Jialun, the principal at that time, saw that Qian Zhongshu's English and Chinese scores were excellent, far higher than the average examinee, so he decided to break away from convention and make an exception.

It is Luo Jialun's exception that has made a generation of scholars proficient in China and the West.

10 writers' stories:

1928, the great essayist Shen Congwen was hired as a lecturer by Hu Shi, then president of Chinese Academy. Shen Congwen was only 26 years old, with only a primary school education, but he shocked the literary world with elegant prose, which was already very famous at that time.

When he first stepped onto the platform, many people came to attend the class besides the students in his original class. Facing the eager students sitting under the stage, the great writer stayed for 10 minutes and couldn't say a word. Later, I began to lecture, but the content of a class I prepared was finished by him 10 minutes, which is far from the end of class! However, he didn't talk nonsense all over the world to save face. Instead, I honestly picked up the chalk and wrote on the blackboard: "Today is my first class, and there are many people. I am afraid. "

So the honest "cuteness" confessed defeat, which led to a burst of well-meaning laughter in the whole hall. . . . . . After Hu Shi knew it, when evaluating this lecture, he was honest with Shen Congwen and thought that "it was successful!"

10 writers' stories:

Every time Mo Yan flies back to Beijing from other places, he wants to visit his daughter's house.

My daughter's home is near the airport. Sometimes he should go to her, but he doesn't. Instead, he went back to his home in the city center, because he was afraid that the taxi driver would be unhappy because of the short journey. He will wait in line for a long time to show his face in order to pull such a short-term worker who doesn't make much money. He will always be in pain. Therefore, when he went to his daughter's house twice, he prepared a box of Chinese cigarettes in advance. After getting on the bus, he first gave Chinese cigarettes to the driver and said, "Master will give you a box of cigarettes first, which is definitely not fake." And tell him where to go. Of course, the driver is very happy As soon as he figured it out, a box of "Chinese cigarettes" from 60 yuan was free, so he talked and laughed with Mo Yan all the way.

All people who have been in contact with Mo Yan think that he is a person who cares about other people's feelings. No matter who he is, he is low-key, humble and cautious, and even seems a little "weak". Mo Yan's weakness just shows the beauty of human nature-he has sympathy and respect for everyone, even if he is just a taxi driver.

10 writers' stories:

Walter Scott, a famous British novelist, is an honest and trustworthy person. Although he is poor, people respect him very much.

Scott is honest. One of his friends saw that his life was very difficult and helped him set up a publishing and printing company. But he was not good at business and soon went bankrupt. This left the poor writer with a debt burden of 60 thousand dollars.

Scott's friends discussed raising enough money to help him pay his debts. Scott refused. He said, "No, I can pay off my debts with my own hands. I can lose anything, but the only thing I can't lose is credit. "

In order to pay his debts, he worked as hard as an old ox pulling a scooter. His friends all admire his courage and say that he is a real man, an upright and noble man.

At that time, many newspapers reported the news of his closure, and some articles were full of sympathy and regret. He threw all these articles into the stove and said to himself, "Walter Scott doesn't need pity and sympathy. He has precious credit and the courage to overcome life. "

After that, he worked harder and learned a lot of jobs that he couldn't do before. I often go to several units a day and change jobs, which makes people tired, dark and thin.

Once, after reading a novel written by Scott, one of his creditors approached him and said, "Mr. Scott, I know you are trustworthy, but you are a very talented writer." You should spend more time writing, so I decided to forgive your debt. Don't pay back the money you owe me. "

Scott said, "Thank you very much, but I can't accept your help. I can't be a person without credit. "

After this incident, he wrote in his diary: "I have never slept so solidly and steadily as I do now. My creditor told me that he thought I was an honest and reliable person. He said he could forgive my debt, but I can't accept it. Although the road ahead is hard and dark, it makes me feel glorious. In order to preserve my reputation, I may die hard, but I died gloriously. "

Scott fell ill for a time because of hard work. In his illness, he often said to himself, "I owe others debts, and I haven't paid them off yet." I have to get better. When I earn money and pay off my debts, I will die gloriously and peacefully. "

This belief enabled Scott to recover from his illness quickly. Two years later, he paid off his debts by his own labor.

Hong Sheng: A playwright in the Qing Dynasty, whose masterpiece is the legendary play The Palace of Eternal Life.

Kong: A playwright in the Qing Dynasty, whose masterpiece is the legendary drama Peach Blossom Fan.

Pu Songling: a famous novelist in Qing Dynasty, whose masterpiece is a collection of short stories in classical Chinese called Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio.

Wu: A famous novelist in Qing Dynasty, whose masterpiece is The Scholars. This book consists of many independent stories.

Cao Xueqin and Gao E: famous novelists in Qing Dynasty, represented by the novel A Dream of Red Mansions. Book * * * 120 times, also known as "Stone" and "Jin Yu Ji". The first eighty chapters were written by Cao Xueqin in Qing Dynasty, and the last forty chapters were considered as Gao E's sequels.

Ji Yun: Ji Xiaolan, a famous scholar in Qing Dynasty, is represented by Notes of Yuewei Caotang.

Li is a famous novelist in the late Qing Dynasty, and his satirical novel "Officialdom in the Sky" is a masterpiece. This book is sixty times as big.

Wu Woyao: a famous novelist in the late Qing Dynasty. As a representative novel, Strange Status Quo has witnessed for twenty years. This book has been written 108 times.

Liu E is a famous novelist in the late Qing Dynasty, represented by the novel Travel Notes of Lao Can. This book is twenty times as big.

Ceng Pu: A famous novelist in Qing Dynasty, whose masterpiece is the novel "Evil Sea Flower". This book has been written for thirty times.

Huang Zongxi (16 10 ~ 1695) was born in Yuyao, Zhejiang. He was a thinker, historian and patriotic writer during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. He led the "rehabilitation" against eunuchs and recruited volunteers to fight against the Qing Dynasty. The Case of Confucianism in Ming Dynasty is the first monograph on academic history in China. In "To Be Visited in Ming Yi", he put forward the viewpoint of opposing monarchy, which reflected the democratic thought.

Li Yu (1611about 1680), a native of Lanxi, Zhejiang, was a drama theorist and playwright in the Qing Dynasty. "Lotus" is excerpted from "Planting Department" of Li Daiweng's Family Tales.

Gu (16 13 ~ 1682) was originally named Jiang, but it was renamed after the Ming Dynasty. He was born in Lin Ting Town, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, nicknamed Lin Ting. Thinker, scholar and patriotic writer in the early Qing Dynasty. Participated in the "Fu She" uprising against eunuchs and Qing Dynasty. Fu 'an Collection is from Lin Ting's Poems.

Wei (1624 ~ 168 1), a native of Ningdu, Jiangxi, was an essayist in the early Qing Dynasty. Biography of the Big Hammer is selected from Wei Shuzi's notes.

Lin Sihuan, eight characters, a beginner in Qing Dynasty, is an assistant envoy of Hainan, and is the author of Collected Works of Chen Tie. His "Kouji" is excerpted from "Preface to Poems of Knowing Autumn at the Beginning of Jade".

Fang Bao (1668 ~ 1749), whose real name is Gao Ling, was born in Tongcheng, Anhui Province. He was an essayist in the Qing Dynasty, and he was officially assisted by the Ministry of Rites. The thesis advocates "righteous law", that is, orderly speech. He is the founder of Tongcheng School. Prose is mostly classics, prefaces and postscripts, letters and biographies of monuments.

Wu (170 1 ~ 1754), a native of Quanjiao, Anhui, was a novelist in Qing Dynasty. The Scholars is China's first satirical novel with 55 chapters.

Peng Duanshu (1699 ~ 1779) was a litterateur in the middle of Qing dynasty. He was knowledgeable and could write poems. "For Learning" is selected from "Collection of Baihetang", originally titled "A Son and Nephew for Learning".

Wang Zu (1705 ~ 1755), whose real name is Mr. Xie Shan, is from Yinxian County, Zhejiang Province. He is a historian and writer in Qing Dynasty. He devoted his life to learning, and made great achievements in Confucian classics, history and articles, especially Confucian classics. He is a representative of the late East Zhejiang School, and he is the author of Hu. Meihualing is selected from Outside the Pavilion Collection.

Yuan Mei (17 16 ~ 1797) was born in Qiantang, Zhejiang Province, and was a poet and essayist in the Qing Dynasty. He was once a county magistrate. After resigning, he built a garden at the foot of Xiaocang Mountain in Jiangning and settled down. He was named Cangshan lay man. Mourning for my sister is selected from his Collection of Kokura Hills and is also the author of Poems with the Garden.

Yao Nai (1731~1815), a famous dream valley, was Mr. Bao, an essayist in Qing Dynasty. Tongcheng School in Anhui is another great school after Fang Bao and Liu Dakui. It is pointed out that the article should clarify the Confucian theory of "righteousness" and the theory of ancient Chinese prose by means of "textual research" and "Zhang Ci". Climbing Mount Tai is selected from the Complete Works of Xi Baoxuan, among which "Watching the Sun in the Snow" is especially praised by later generations.

Hong (1746 ~ 1809), a native of Yanghu, Beijiang (Jiangsu), was a scholar and writer in the middle of Qing Dynasty, and made great achievements in Confucian classics, geography, phonology and exegetics. The paper "Zhiping Pian" is selected from the Complete Works of HongBeijiang River, and it puts forward the contradiction between population reproduction and social and economic forces, which is a noteworthy innovation in population theory in China history.

Gong Zizhen (1792 ~ 184 1), a native of Renhe, Zhejiang, was a thinker and writer in the Qing Dynasty. He is well versed in Confucian classics, literature and historical geography. He is the main figure of "Modern Literature School" and one of the pioneers of modern reform movement. In the 19th year of Daoguang, he wrote 3 15 quatrains on his way home, with the general title of "Nine Seas Miscellaneous Poems", which expressed his feelings about state affairs and his own life experience. Author of The Complete Works of Gong Zizhen.

Liu E (1857 ~ 1909), whose pen name is Hongdu Bailiansheng, was born in Dantu, Jiangsu Province, and was a novelist in the late Qing Dynasty (modern times). He was familiar with mathematics, medical skills and water conservancy. He used to practice medicine in Shanghai, wait for the magistrate, and abandon his official to do business; After Eight-Nation Alliance entered Beijing, he bought millet from the Russian army at a low price to help the hungry, and moved to Xinjiang on the charge of selling millet privately. His Travels of Lao Can is one of the four modern condemnation novels in China.

Sun Wen (1866 ~ 1925), also known as Yixian, was born in Zhongshan County, Guangdong Province, and was a great forerunner of China's democratic revolution. He wrote The Complete Works of Sun Yat-sen, with eleven volumes * *, and the text has a preface =.

Wu (1866 ~ 19 10) was born in Woyao, Xiaoyun and Cocoon. Later, he was born in Nanhai (Guangzhou), Guangdong. Because he lived in Foshan town, he was a novelist in the late Qing Dynasty. The Strange Situation Witnessed in Twenty Years is one of the four modern condemnation novels.

Li (1867 ~ 1906) was born in Wujin, Jiangsu, and was a novelist in the late Qing Dynasty. His Officialdom in the Sky is one of the four modern condemnation novels. "Let Taiwan Province Meet Foreigners" is taken from chapter 53 of the book.

Ceng Pu (187 1 ~ 1934) is Meng Pu, a pen name Sick Man of East Asia, a native of Changshu, Jiangsu, a modern novelist who can speak French. Evil Sea Flower is one of the four modern condemnation novels.

Liang Qichao (1873 ~ 1929), whose real name is Zhuo Ru, is the owner of an ice-drinking room in another museum, a native of Xinhui, Guangdong, a leader, politician and writer of the Reform Movement of 1898. The Story of young chinese and Tan Sitong is from The Ice Room Collection.

Lin Juemin (1887 ~1911), a native of Minhou, Fujian, was one of the 72 martyrs in Huanghuagang. His wife's book is selected from the History of the March 29th Revolution in Guangzhou.