The history of Luobo Village

1. Who has the history of the Qiang people in Wenchuan?

"Muse Pearl and Rebiwa" and "The Qiang-Ge War" are two stories about the origin of the people. They were originally a group of people. collective memory: in this way, this group of people is united.

It is unknown how many people shared this social memory in the upper reaches of the Minjiang River. However, these stories are now apparently used by Qiang intellectuals in Wenchuan, Maoxian, and Lixian counties, as well as Han scholars, to explain the origins of the Qiang people or Ma and Erma.

The Qiang identity created in this way is a Qiang identity with intellectuals from Wenchuan, Maoxian and Lixian counties as the main body. The two stories about the origin of the Qiang people, "Muse Pearl and Rebiwa" and "The War between Qiang and Ge", have not yet become the collective memory of all Qiang people in Songpan, Beichuan and other places.

However, through the publication and circulation of various books about Qiang folk tales and Qiang history and culture, and through school education, the Qiang identity in each Qiang village will one day become the collective memory of all Qiang people. . There is a saying in Wenchuan that the Goji people later fled to the Heishui area in the north and became the ancestors of the Heishui people.

A Wenchuan intellectual said: 11. Some people in our area said that the Goji people went towards the Black Water. We call the people in Heishui unruly and unreasonable.

In Qiang language, it is called "Pi Luo Zi", which is unreasonable. Regardless of whether they are Tibetan or Qiang, they are Heishui people anyway.

They may be related to Tibetans. Peel, Tubo.

Because they Heishui people have been causing harm to this area, Li County, Weizhou, and Mianchi. Mao, Wen, and Li are integrated; further expanded, they are Songpan and Heishui.

Beichuan has nothing to do with this place because the water system is different. From this, we can see that in the identity system of the Wenchuan Qiang people, the Qiang people in Mao, Wen and Li counties are the core of the Qiang people, and the Heishui people are excluded.

In the broader Qiang identity, Heishui talents and Songpan people are included in the Qiang group. And this reporter, if he did not exclude the Beichuan people from the Qiang people, at least regarded them as the people with the furthest relationship with the Qiang people of Mao, Wen and Li.

This Qiang identity system is also reflected in another story told by the Longxi people of Wenchuan: 12. How did humans come from? It seems to be talking about two young girls or something. The two got married and got pregnant.

After more than a year of pregnancy, I gave birth to a baby girl. When they were on the top of the mountain, the lump of meat was very thin, so they chopped it into several balls and scattered them everywhere.

The next day, there was smoke everywhere, a house here and a house there. This is how people come.

Later, after the flood drowned the people, the Jiugou and Jiuzhaigou were destroyed. Three fell into Jiuping and Eighteen Villages, and the entire Wenchuan, Li and Maoxian counties became Jiugou and Jiuzhaigou.

At that time, the village was very large, including Heishui, and this river might also be included. We can also see here that for the distribution of the so-called "nine ditches and nine villages", the reporter still centered on Wenchuan, Maoxian, and Lixian, followed by Heishui, and finally Beichuan, which was uncertain.

Beichuan Qiang people. 2. Information about the history and present of Wenchuan Red Army Bridge

At the entrance of Pingnan Qiang Township, Pingwu County, there is a well-preserved ancient covered bridge with a unique shape. The bridge is called Songqiao, also known as Songqiao Bridge. The Red Army Bridge was built in the seventh year of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty (1857). It has a history of more than 100 years and is still functioning today. The Red Army Bridge is an all-wood structure, about 10 meters long, 3 meters wide, and about 8 meters high from the river. It stands across the river and is majestic. There is an aisle in the middle, with pillars standing in two rows, giving it a simple atmosphere. Walking on the bridge is very smooth. The bridge body cleverly uses logs and wooden boards to make the bridge simple yet imposing. Looking from a distance, it looks like a castle in the air, which is amazing. Whether it is the architectural features it displays or the historical heritage it contains, the Red Army Bridge has high research value.

Papaya Bridge is also called Red Army Bridge. It is located in the east of Papaya Village, Deng Yuantai Town, 15 kilometers southwest of Wugang City. It crosses Zishui and runs east-west. It is an important traffic artery connecting Papaya Village and Shazhouping. The year when the bridge was first built is unknown. A bridge pavilion was built in the 50th year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1711), and it was rebuilt in the eighth year of Tongzhi (1869). The total length is 44 meters and the width is 4.7 meters. There are four piers and five arches. The piers are stacked with wood, and the wood is framed between the arches. They jump up layer by layer. The stone slabs above the wood are reinforced and compressed to form 12 rows of wooden frame corridors. There are blue brick archways at both ends of the bridge corridor, and the three characters "Papaya Bridge" in regular script are carved in clay on the forehead.

The regular script of the couplet on the door reads: "In front of the pavilion, the wooden leaves fall, the water is deep in autumn, and the night rain flies across the trees; the melon fields are connected to the bank, the plain grass is green, and the morning smoke is connected to the clouds."

After the original name of the Red Army Bridge Keng Bridge, a wooden arch bridge, is located in Houkeng Village, Zhukou Town, Qingyuan County. It was built in the 10th year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty. In 1934, the Red Army's advancing division, led by comrades Su Yu and Liu Ying, wiped out the Zhejiang Provincial Security Corps and more than 600 members of the Qingyuan County Security Corps here. They killed Zhang Zhiyuan, the leader of the Qingyuan County Security Corps, and achieved a great victory in the Battle of Zhukou. , which cleared the way for the advancing division to go north to fight against Japan. From then on, the local people renamed Houkeng Bridge the Red Army Bridge.

One of the important covered bridges belonging to the wooden arch bridge group in Yangmei Prefecture Scenic Area. Located 1 km northeast of Lijiashan Village, Xixi Township, it was built in 1954. On March 12, 1937, a flash flood destroyed the wooden bridge. Fan Shiren, Xu Wei and others living in Lijiashan Village were rounded up by the Japanese army and militia. At this time, nine underground traffic officers from Lijiashan worked overnight to build rafts and help them cross the river. In 1954, Xu Wei, deputy commissioner of Fu'an District, allocated funds to build a wooden arch bridge, and the people named it Red Army Bridge. The bridges at both ends are built with river pebbles.

It is 42.2 meters long, 5.1 meters wide, and has an arch span of 32.6 meters. It runs north-south, has 15 bays, 64 columns, and is covered with a double-sloped roof. The holes in the bridge weatherboard are in the shape of a five-pointed star. In 1997, the Shouning County People's Communist Party erected a "Red Army Bridge Monument" stone tablet at the head of the bridge on the north bank. The inscription records the history and process of building the bridge.

Jiangyou Red Army Bridge is located in Qinglinkou, Jiangyou, Sichuan, more than 50 kilometers away from the urban area of ??Jiangyou City. It is located in the ravine at the junction of Zitong, Jiange and Jiangyou counties (cities). The Mage River, the source of Tongjiang River, flows through here. Historically, merchants gathered here, there were many guild halls, and temples were everywhere. Today, it is an office under the jurisdiction of Erlangmiao Town in Jiangyou. Although the town's organizational structure no longer exists and the streets are dilapidated, the style of the ancient town remains, and the Red Army Bridge and monument are well protected. 3. How many major earthquakes was the Wenchuan earthquake in Chinese history?

December 21, 2004 The largest earthquake in the world. Which earthquake was the largest in the history of the world? There is no conclusion yet. In human history, there have been many major earthquakes in the world: Which one was the biggest? Due to the limitations of human understanding, the assessment standards are inconsistent and the understanding is also very inconsistent. Scientists agree that the largest earthquake is 8.9 magnitude. But can that earthquake be rated as 8.9 magnitude? There are different opinions. Some people believe that the earthquake that occurred in Chile, South America at 19:11 on May 22, 1960 was the largest, with a magnitude of 8.9. Others believe that the earthquake that occurred in the sea near the Ecuador-Colombia border in South America on January 31, 1906 The earthquake was the largest, with a magnitude of 8.9. Some people believe that the earthquake that occurred in the sea east of Sanriku, Japan, on March 3, 1933 was the largest, with a magnitude of 8.9. But there are also different views. The Japanese calculated the 1933 Sanriku earthquake. It only has a magnitude of 8.5. The 1906 earthquake in the sea near the Ecuador-Colombia border is generally only rated as 8.6. The great earthquake in Chile in 1960 was also rated as 8.5 or 8.75, and some even rated it as 8.3. Classified as general major earthquakes. It is worth pointing out that before and after the 1960 Chilean earthquake, in just one and a half days, at least five major earthquakes with magnitudes above 7 occurred, three of which reached or exceeded magnitude 8. If the entire earthquake Looking at the process as a whole, the Chilean earthquake is so large in scale and releases so much energy that it can be called a rare major earthquake. 4. On the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Long March, did the Red Army of Luobo Village in Wenchuan pass by Mengbu Village?

The majestic Minshan Mountains are a perfect match for the steep, vicissitudes and majestic Minjiang Grand Canyon. The blue sky is clear, the white clouds are floating, and the sky is green. The eagle spreads its wings, and a huge ancient castle with an area of ??100 hectares is scattered among the high mountains like embroidery dropped from the sky. This is Luobo Village - the largest and oldest Huangni Qiang Village in the world discovered so far, full of primitive and simple style.

Luobo Village is located on a high mountain platform on the south bank of the Minjiang River in Yanmen Township, Wenchuan County, Aba Prefecture. It is located on the only way to the famous Jiuzhaigou Scenic Area. It is less than ten kilometers from Wenchuan County to Luobo Village. Just after turning around the famous Yanmen Pass, a Qiang blockhouse and an ancient beacon tower standing beside National Highway 317 indicate the entrance to Luobo Village. Winding along the ten-kilometer winding road with black pavement, you will first see Suoqiao Village, then Xiaozhaizi Village, and finally enter Luobo Village.

Before the earthquake

Luobo Village was filled with ice water

The whole view of the newly built ancient village after the earthquake

The terrain is gentle and It is wide and is the largest flat land in the upper half of the Minjiang Grand Canyon. It is also the most ideal place to have a bird's-eye view of the Minjiang Grand Canyon. Luobo Village is the largest and oldest Huangni Qiang Village in the world discovered so far. The more than 100 hectares of loess land in Luobo Village supports the ancient Qiang people who have the largest population in the Minjiang River (more than 1,000 people in the village), the densest housing, and are the only ancient Qiang people who use loess as building materials.

Luobo Village has a long history and unique terrain. Archaeologists say that humans existed in Luobo Village as early as 3,000-4,000 years ago; geologists say that the piece of yellow land in the middle of the Minjiang Grand Canyon feels like an alien object; the folklore is even more colorful, euphemistic and moving. . The four major changes in the place name of Luobo Village (Luobo Village was first called Fenghuang Village, then Fushun Village, then Laohu Village, and finally Luobo Village, which is still used today) are testimony to the long history of Luobo Village. Luobo Village is located between Fengshan Mountain and Huangshan Mountain. The entire architectural shape of Luobo Village looks like a phoenix spreading its wings and about to fly. How does this relate to the ancient name of Luobo Village? Is it related to the legend of Phoenix Nirvana and Sunbird? We don't

know. 5. How much history does Wenchuan have?

Since the Han Dynasty, Wenjiang, Mianchi, Wenshan, Wenchuan and other constructions were all named after the Minjiang River in the territory. According to the "Yuanhe County Chronicles": Wenchuan The county is "named after the Xiwen River in the county." In ancient times, "Wen" and "Min" were used interchangeably, so Minjiang was also pronounced as Wenjiang.

In ancient times, in the year of the Ranmu (sān) tribe (111 BC), Wenshan County was established in the land of Ranmu, with jurisdiction over 5 counties including Mianchi. Mianchi was the county, and the former site of the county is in today's Weizhou Town. Jiang Weicheng. Mianchi County was changed to Mianchi Road in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and Mianchi County was changed to Wenchuan County in the Western Jin Dynasty. After the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the overseas Chinese from Wenchuan County moved to Du'an (today's Dujiangyan City) and Mianchi County was abandoned. Xiao Liang established Wenchuan County in Mianchi County, a province in the Western Wei Dynasty. In the third year of Tianhe of the Northern Zhou Dynasty (568), Wenchuan County was reestablished, and the county seat remained in Jiangweicheng until the Xuande period of the Ming Dynasty when Hanshuiyi (now the seat of Mianchi Township, Wenchuan County) was governed.

After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Fenchuan County was moved to Weizhou in 1952. In 1958, Wenchuan County was merged with Maoxian County and Lixian County to form Maowen Qiang Autonomous County. Restored in 1963. At the end of 1990, the county was administratively organized into 3 towns and 14 townships. 6. Wenchuan is one of the most serious earthquakes in history

The earthquake with the largest number of casualties in the world: The Guanzhong earthquake in China occurred on February 2, 1556, killing more than 850,000 people and affecting an area of ??7 There are 211 counties in the province.

◆The most costly earthquake in the world: On December 26, 2004, the largest earthquake in 40 years occurred in the waters near Sumatra Island, Indonesia, and triggered a tsunami, killing nearly 250,000 people and causing economic losses of hundreds of millions. billion dollars.

◆ The earliest recorded earthquake in China: the earthquake that occurred in Puzhou (now known as) during the Yao and Shun era of China (23rd century BC).

◆The earthquake that caused the largest fire in the world: the 8.3 magnitude earthquake in Kanto, Japan on September 1, 1923. 366,000 houses were burned down in Tokyo, where most wooden houses were, and 140,000 people were dead and missing. people, most of whom were burned to death by fires caused by the earthquake; 35,000 houses were burned down in Yokosuka City; 58,000 houses were burned down in Yokohama City.

◆The earthquake that caused the largest flood in China: A 7.5-magnitude earthquake occurred in southern Kangding, China on June 1, 1786. The Dadu River was blocked by a landslide and burst 10 days later. A huge flood occurred, causing dozens of Thousands of people died.

◆The largest earthquake in world history: The earthquake that occurred in Chile, South America at 19:11 on May 22, 1960, with a magnitude of 8.9. Since May 21, there have been 225 consecutive earthquakes, with 3 times exceeding level 8 and 10 times exceeding level 7. Its scale and amount of energy released are truly rare. 140,000 people were killed.

◆The first earthquake in the world that was successfully predicted and achieved significant disaster reduction results: Chinese seismologists successfully predicted the 7.3-magnitude Haicheng earthquake on February 4, 1975.

◆Which earthquake in the world not only had the largest magnitude and rupture length, but also caused the most harmful earthquake and tsunami? An earthquake occurred in Chile, South America at 19:11 on May 22, 1960, with a magnitude of 8.9.

With a scale of approximately 9.5 MW, it is the largest earthquake of this century. The tsunami caused by this earthquake hit the Pacific coast of Tohoku, Japan. The tsunami was as high as 6 meters, causing more than 1,000 people to be killed, injured or missing. The fault rupture length of this earthquake was about 1,000 meters, which is still the longest earthquake in the world since the beginning of instrumental records.

◆The inventor of the world's first seismograph: The world's first seismograph (Wai Feng Seismograph) was invented by Zhang Heng, a scientist in the Eastern Han Dynasty of my country, who recorded the Longxi earthquake in 138 AD.

◆ my country’s earliest self-built seismic station and seismic telemetry network: my country’s first seismic station in 1930, Beijing Xishan Jiufeng Seismic Station, was built under the leadership of Mr. Li Shanbang and Qin Xinling, and was completed in 1937. The investigation was stopped after the Kou launched the war of aggression against China. In 1966, the Beijing telemetry network was completed, with 8 sub-stations.

◆Which earthquake had the widest impact in my country’s history? The earthquake with the widest impact in the history of our country was the 8.5-magnitude earthquake that occurred in Haiyuan, Ningxia on December 16, 1920, with a focal depth of 17 kilometers. The earthquake affected 18 provinces, cities, and autonomous regions including Ningxia, Qinghai, Gansu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Henan, Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Shandong, Sichuan, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, and Fujian. The affected area exceeds 2.5 million square kilometers, accounting for about a quarter of my country's total land area.

◆Which was the most serious earthquake and landslide in my country’s history? It was a landslide caused by the 8.5 magnitude earthquake in Haiyuan, Ningxia in 1920. In the epicenter of the earthquake, the amount of landslides caused by the earthquake was too large to be counted! Within the 65 kilometers of the outer zone alone, the landslide area reaches 31 square kilometers. There were 503 landslides in the four counties of Huining, Jingning, Longde and Jingyuan. A 5,500-meter-long landslide formed in the area around Guyuan's Shibei Plateau. In the upper reaches of the Qingjiangyi Xianghe River in Huining, a landslide blocked a 2,500-meter-long section of the Xianghe River and formed an earthquake barrier lake in its upper reaches.

◆Which earthquake caused the most harmful earthquake and lake roar? Just like the mechanism of earthquake and tsunami, if an earthquake occurs at the bottom of a lake or on a lakeshore, it will cause a lake tsunami. According to modern data, the largest earthquake lake roar in my country was the 6.3 magnitude earthquake in Jianchuan, Yunnan on December 23, 1951. During the earthquake, the water waves in Jianhu Lake were as high as 4-5 feet, and surged up to 1,000 meters on the lake shore.

◆Which was the largest earthquake and fire in my country’s history? Earthquake fire is one of the most important secondary disasters of earthquakes. According to records, the longest-lasting earthquake fire is the 7.25-magnitude earthquake that occurred in Batang, Sichuan on April 11, 1870. When the earthquake hit at 10 a.m., residents were making fires to cook. The earthquake caused buildings to collapse, and the fire spread for a week. It was the longest earthquake fire. 7. The historical origin of Jiarong Tibetans

Jiarong people live in parts of Jinchuan, Xiaojin, Markang, Lixian, Heishui and Wenchuan in the prefecture, as well as in Ganzi Prefecture, Ya'an Prefecture, Liangshan Prefecture and other places. The Tibetans who speak the Tibetan dialect Jiarong dialect and focus on agricultural production are Jiarong Tibetans. Tibetan areas call the people in this area "Rongba" (people from agricultural areas).

According to Chinese historical records, in ancient times they lived and moved in the valley area in the southeast of present-day Zhoujing area, and were called "Jia Liang Yi (Jia Liang)", "Baigou Qiang", and "Ge Linren" , "Goji" and other tribes are the indigenous ancestors of this area. After integrating with Tibetan immigrants and garrisons during the Tang Dynasty, they became Tibetan.

Before the liberation of Jiarong area, local officials often said that their ancestors came from Taiwan. The Wasi Tusi in Wenchuan County, the Chuosijia Tusi in Jinchuan County, and the Tusi in Baoxing County in Ya'an area Muping Chieftain and others all have genealogical records originating from the Han Dynasty. The ancestor of Zagu Tusi and Suomo Tusi was Xi Tanmou, a Tubo general in the Tang Dynasty.

"The Political and Religious History of Anduo" records: "Most of the races in the north and south of Duomai are the descendants of the Tibetan Dharma King (note: referring to Songtsen Gampo) who stationed himself in the Tang and Tibetan border garrison...". In the 5th and 6th centuries AD, there were very few households in the Jiarong area, and it was the period when the Cuoba leaders were separatist.

In the early 7th century, Tubo Zampo Songtsen Gampo unified Tubo, and the Jiarong area was also unified into Tubo. Zampu’s generals served as the leaders of Jiarong. The Jiarong area was listed in "Anduo" The book "History of Politics and Religion" and the author who speaks the Amdo dialect of Tibetan are called "Chako".

The reason is: "Historically, Tubo Zampu once sent Minister Ke Pan to the Jialian area to serve as the leader and military commander. His official residence was to the north of Songgang. The Tubo royal family called him 'Jiamuchava Rong' in holy edicts and official documents. Copan' or 'Chavarong Copan', referred to as 'Chaco'.

Ke Pan was a commander who recruited a large number of soldiers from the Zha tribe, one of the four major families in Japan, and was in charge of the "Eight Kingdoms of the Western Mountains" of Tubo in the Tang Dynasty. The "Qiang, Clan, and Yi" tribes known in ancient times as "Jialiang Yi", "Baigou Qiang", "Gelinren", "Gorgi people", etc. are actually indigenous residents "all scattered in the mountains and rivers".

During the period of Zanpu Bude Gongjia, the ninth generation of Tubo, that is, around the time of Emperor Shun of the Eastern Han Dynasty (126 AD), the original religion in the Tubo area, Benbo religion, was introduced from Tubo to the state. , and gradually became popular. The introduction of Tubo culture and its influence on the ancient ancestors of Jiarong Tibetan people began in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Buddhism developed in the state as late as the 8th century during the Trisong Detsen period of the Tubo Dynasty. Because religious culture was the center Due to the long-term influence of Tubo culture, Buddhism (in the early days it was Benbo religion) gradually became the belief of all the people of the above-mentioned tribes. Coupled with the large number of Tibetan immigrants and military occupation and rule, after more than a thousand years of integration and assimilation, long-term mutual exchanges with Tubo , thus forming the unified Jiarong Tibetan people today. 8. History of Aba Prefecture

During the Warring States Period, the Qin Dynasty established Jiandi Road (today's Songpan) in 316 BC, and Aba Prefecture began to have an organized system.

Wenshan County was established in the Western Han Dynasty. The Jin and Sui Dynasties inherited the old system and expanded it. During the Tang Dynasty, there were ups and downs in construction and frequent changes. In the Song Dynasty, Tonghua County of Maozhou and Weichuan County of Weizhou were established.

The Yuan Dynasty was the beginning of the chieftain system, and the Ming Dynasty was placed in Maozhou, Weizhou, and Songpanwei, with jurisdiction over each chieftain and thousands of households.

In the Qing Dynasty, Maozhou, Lifan Hall, Songpan Hall and Maogong Hall were established.

In the early years of the Republic of China, the prefecture was changed to a county, and later the Songli Maomao Wentun Colonial Governor's Office was established. Later it was changed to the 16th Administrative Supervision District of Sichuan Province, with jurisdiction over Songpan, Maoxian, Wenchuan and Li counties. , Maogong (now Xiaojin), Jinghua (now Jinchuan) 6 counties and 65 grassland tribes, 20 chieftains, and 11 garrison stations.

In 1952, Maoxian County came under the leadership of Sichuan Province. On January 1, 1953, the Maoxian Prefecture was abolished and renamed the Sichuan Tibetan Autonomous Region.

In 1955, the Tibetan Autonomous Region of Sichuan Province was reorganized into the Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.

In 1987, the Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture was renamed the Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture.