How many people are there in Batang County, Garze Prefecture, Sichuan Province?

Population: about 50,000 people

Population density: 6 people/km2

Batang County is located in the west of Garze Prefecture. North latitude 28°46-30°38′, east longitude 98°58′-99°45′. It borders Xiangcheng and Litang County in the east, Derong County in the south, Mangkang, Yanjing, Gongjue County in Tibet and Deqin County in Yunnan Province across the Jinsha River in the west, and Baiyu County in the north. It is about 260 kilometers long from north to south and 45 kilometers wide from east to west. It covers an area of ??8186 square kilometers.

In 1990, the total population was 47,256, including 42,044 agricultural population and 5,212 non-agricultural population. There are 44,601 Tibetan people, 1,986 Han people, and the rest are Naxi, Yi, Hui, Qiang and other ethnic groups.

In ancient times it was Qiang land. The Han Dynasty belongs to the White Wolf Kingdom. Tang belongs to Tubo. In the Yuan Dynasty, Duogansi Xuanwei Division was under the jurisdiction of Yuanshi Prefecture, and Ben Busi Recruitment Division was set up concurrently. In the Ming Dynasty, it belonged to the Command and Envoy Department of Duogan Health Capital. In the seventh year of the Hong Kong War (1374), the Mo'er Prospecting and Recruiting Department was established, and the Qianhu Office of the Qizong was established in the territory. From the second year of Longqing to the twelfth year of Chongzhen (1568-1639) in the Ming Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of the Mu family, the local magistrate of Lijiang, Yunnan. Later, it was transferred to the rule of Gushi Khan of Heshuo tribe in Qinghai. In the sixth year of Emperor Yongzheng's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1728), the Batang Liangtai was built. In the seventh year of Yongzheng (1729), the Xuanfu Division of Batang was established, under the jurisdiction of 7 local households. In the 33rd year of Guangxu's reign (1907), Ba'an County was established after "reforming land and returning to local rule", and was promoted to Ba'an Prefecture the following year. In the second year of the Republic of China (1913), it was restored to Ba'an County. In the 14th year of the Republic of China (1925), it belonged to the Xikang Special Administrative Region. In the 28th year of the Republic of China (1939), it belonged to the fifth administrative inspection district of Xikang Province. In 1950, it belonged to the Tibetan Autonomous Region of Xikang Province. In 1951, it was renamed Batang County. In 1955, it belonged to the Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province. In 1990, the entire county (including 1 district and 4 townships that were transferred to Batang after the abolition of Dun County) governed 5 districts, 21 townships, and 1 town. The county is located in Xiaqiong Town, 483 kilometers away from the state capital Kangding and 483 kilometers away from the provincial capital Chengdu.

Batang was first seen in "Qing Shi Lu" in the 58th year of Kangxi's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1719). It is a Tibetan transliteration and means "sheep sound dam", which means auspiciousness. The residence of Batang County was originally the life of the four mountains. It was a piece of grassland in the green field, where cattle and sheep were grazing, and there were "baa" sounds everywhere. In Tibetan, "baa" is the sound of "ba", so the place was named based on the sound. Named "Batang".

Physical Geography

Batang County is located in the west of Garze Prefecture. It is between 98°58′-99°45′ east longitude and 28°46′-30°38′ north latitude. It borders Xiangcheng and Litang County in the east, Derong County in the south, Mangkang, Yanjing, Gongjue County in Tibet and Deqin County in Yunnan Province across the Jinsha River in the west, and Baiyu County in the north.

Batang is located in the Qiuyang Plateau mountainous area in northwest Sichuan. The Shaluli Mountains tower in the east of the county, and the Hengduan Mountains run through the county. Dangji Zengran Peak in the north is 6,060 meters above sea level, the highest point in the county. Most of the remaining peaks are around 5,000 meters. The lowest point is Meironglong Village, Gongbo Township, in the southwest corner of the county, with an altitude of 2,240 meters. The average altitude of the county is more than 3,300 meters. The northeastern part belongs to the mountain plain area, the central and northwest parts belong to the alpine valley area, and the southwest part belongs to the Jinsha River dry valley area.

The average altitude of Haizi Mountain in Batang County is 4,500 meters, and the highest peak, Guoyinri, is 5,020 meters above sea level. There are 1,145 large and small Haizi. Its scale and density are unique in my country, hence the name Haizi Mountain. Haizi Mountain is located between Litang and Daocheng counties.

Zhajinjia Boshen Mountain: With its rugged cliffs, exposed rocks and unique mountain shape, Zhajinjia Boshen Mountain is lined with strange rocks in various shapes. Its unique style makes it still outstanding on the mountainous plateau. .

Ecological resources: The county has a forest area of ??1,202,955 acres, accounting for 10.32% of the total area; the forest accumulation volume reaches 20,187,691 cubic meters; the cultivated land area is 57,120 acres, accounting for 0.49%. There are rich varieties of rare wild animals and plants, including more than 100 species of woody plants and more than 1,200 species of herbaceous plants; there are national first-class protected animals white-lipped deer and black golden monkey, national second-class protected animals snow leopard, Tibetan antelope, argali, Tibetan pheasant, Tibetan pheasant, Snow chickens, tragopans, pan-headed geese, black-necked cranes and a large number of Category III protected animals.

Mineral resources: The geology of Batang County belongs to the geotrough structure of western Sichuan. The fold fault zones are mostly located at the sharp turning point of the "bad" shape between Sichuan and Tibet, and have good mineralization conditions and sites.

There are 19 proven mineral deposits including lead, zinc, silver, tin, copper, etc., 8 large deposits, 4 medium deposits, 3 small deposits, 32 mineral points, and 22 mineralized points, mainly distributed in the north. and the central and eastern regions, with large reserves and high grade. The metal reserves in the Xiasai Silver Mine alone amount to more than 1 million tons, with great development potential.

Water energy resources: The natural height of the rivers in the territory reaches 360 meters, the total water resource is 3.66 billion cubic meters, its theoretical reserves reach 2.83 million kilowatts, the developable capacity is 250,000 kilowatts, and the annual power generation reaches 17.8 billion kilowatt-hours, only 6,135 kilowatts have been developed.

Chinese herbal medicine resources: Batang is very rich in Chinese herbal medicine resources. It is the main medicinal material production area and important medicinal material treasure house in the whole state and province. Rare medicinal materials include: cordyceps, dangshen, anemarrhena, fritillary, paeonol, velvet antler, rhubarb, bear bile, sedum, snow lotus, saffron, etc. Batang's main foreign exchange-earning product is matsutake mushrooms, with an annual output of more than 200 tons, mainly sold to Japan.

Fruit resources: There are many varieties of fruits in the county with large output, mainly including apples, pears, apricots, pomegranates, citrus, grapes, walnuts, etc. The planting area of ??apples and walnuts alone reaches 9,000 acres. Batang apples are famous for their beautiful fruit shape, fresh color, good taste, many varieties, and storage resistance. Batang walnuts are also listed as forests in the southern part of Garze Prefecture for their excellent varieties, large fruit, thin shell, high oil content, and high yield. The key implementation projects of Guozhifu Project.

Historical evolution

Batang was first seen in "Qing Shi Lu" in the 58th year of Kangxi's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1719). It is a Tibetan transliteration and means "sheep sound dam", which contains auspicious meanings. meaning. The residence of Batang County was originally the life of the four mountains. It was a piece of grassland in the green field, where cattle and sheep were grazing. There were "咩咩" sounds everywhere. In Tibetan, "咩咩" is the sound of "Ba", so the place was named based on the sound. Named "Batang".

In ancient times it was Qiang land.

Han White Wolf Kingdom. Tang belongs to Tubo.

In the Yuan Dynasty, Duogansi Xuanwei Division was under the jurisdiction of the Yuanshi Prefecture, and Ben Busi recruited the Division.

In the Ming Dynasty, it belonged to the Command and Envoy Department of the Duogan Health Capital. In the seventh year of the Hong Kong War (1374), the Moer Prospecting and Recruitment Department was established, and the Qianhu Office of the Qizong was established in the territory.

From the second year of Longqing to the twelfth year of Chongzhen (1568-1639) in the Ming Dynasty, it was under the jurisdiction of the Mu family, the local magistrate of Lijiang, Yunnan. Later, it was transferred to the rule of Gushi Khan of Heshuo tribe in Qinghai.

In the sixth year of Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty (1728), the Batang grain platform was built.

In the seventh year of Yongzheng (1729), the Xuanfu Division of Batang was established, with 7 local households under its jurisdiction.

In the 33rd year of Guangxu's reign (1907), Ba'an County was established after "reforming the land and returning to local rule", and was promoted to Ba'an Prefecture the following year.

In the second year of the Republic of China (1913), it was restored to Ba'an County.

In the 14th year of the Republic of China (1925), it belonged to the Xikang Special Administrative Region.

In the 28th year of the Republic of China (1939), it belonged to the fifth administrative inspection district of Xikang Province.

In 1950, it belonged to the Tibetan Autonomous Region of Xikang Province.

The name was changed to Batang County in 1951.

In 1955, it belonged to the Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province.

In 1990, the entire county (including 1 district and 4 townships that were transferred to Batang after the abolition of Dun County) governed 5 districts, 21 townships, and 1 town. The county is located in Xiaqiong Town, 483 kilometers away from the state capital Kangding and 483 kilometers away from the provincial capital Chengdu.

Customs

Xianzi is a folk song and dance that the Tibetan people love very much. In Tibetan areas, when mentioning Xianzi, one can’t help but think of Batang, because Batang has been known as the “hometown of Xianzi” since ancient times. In May 2000, the Ministry of Culture officially named Batang County the "Hometown of Chinese Folk Art (Xianzi)".

Batang County is located at the junction of the three provinces of Sichuan, Yunnan and Tibet. It covers an area of ??7,844 square kilometers and has a population of 45,000, of which 95% are Tibetans. It is a county inhabited by ethnic minorities, mainly Tibetans. . The territory has a mild climate, beautiful mountains and rivers, and abundant natural resources. For thousands of years, the children of all ethnic groups living here have created splendid culture and unique national customs. In particular, the graceful and graceful Batang Xianzi has not only become popular throughout the Tibetan area, but is also famous at home and abroad, becoming a treasure house of Tibetan culture and art. A strange flower.

The formation of Batang Xianzi

Batang Xianzi is called "Xie" in Tibetan, which means song and dance. The full name is "Gaxie", which means circle dance. It is also called "Xie" in Tibetan. "Kang Xie", that is, "the dance danced by the Kham people", has a history of more than a thousand years; her hometown is Batang County, Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province. The prototype of "Batang Xianzi" can be traced back to "Gezhuo" in ancient times.

As early as the Warring States Period, Batang belonged to the ancient White Wolf Kingdom.

At that time, productivity was very low, and people were helpless in the face of various natural disasters such as wind, frost, snow, rain, etc. So they became superstitious about ghosts and gods, believed in ancestors, and worshiped totems, which gave rise to a kind of sacrificial dance called "Gezhuo". Whenever there is a collective sacrifice, the participants are naturally divided into two rows, starting from the elders. Both men and women hold hands or hug each other, bend down and lower their heads, and dance around the bonfire. "Where barbarians live", "There is frost and snow in winter, mild rain in summer, and the temperature is just right" are not only descriptions of the natural environment of Batang, but also the oldest lyrics of the Gezhuo dance performed by the Bailang Qiang people.

In the Tang Dynasty, "Gezhuo" gradually became popular among the people and became a collective dance performed after production and labor, during seasonal festivals, and at weddings and funerals. Its formation has also changed from two rows to a circle; its dancing posture has changed from bending down and bowing its head to dancing with hands and feet. People call it "Gaxie" (circle dance). This is the prototype of Batang Xianzi.

From the Song and Yuan dynasties to the Ming and Qing dynasties, "Gaxie" developed rapidly in Batang. Especially during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, Han, Hui, Tibetan and other ethnic groups in Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet, and Shaanxi provinces Ethnic businessmen came to Batang to do business, which promoted the development of the local economy in Batang County. Coupled with the prosperity of the Tea Horse Road, Batang became a corridor for the intersection of multi-ethnic cultures. At this time, "Gaxi" fully absorbed the expertise of other arts. It has fully matured and become a unique folk song and dance art in Tibetan areas - Batang Xianzi.

After the formation of Batang Xianzi, there was no musical accompaniment at first. In the 32nd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (AD 1906), Zhao Erfeng returned to Batang. Due to the large number of business trips to and from Batang and the frequent cultural exchanges, Batang Xianzi absorbed the elements of foreign songs and dances on the basis of the original songs and dances. Due to its strengths, Batang Xianzi began to experiment with musical accompaniment, which gave Batang Xianzi its unique charm and began to spread in the Kham area and even the entire Tibetan area.

Batang Xianzi’s musical instrument is Huqin. The first Huqin was made by a xianzi artist using yak horns as the barrel, sheepskin as the cover, branches as the bow, and horsetails as the bow and strings. Later, someone changed the horn qin tube into a log qin tube and it has been passed down to this day. The head of the piano is mostly decorated with a dragon head or a pagoda top, which means good luck. This kind of huqin has pure sound quality, thick volume and deep tone. It is suitable for playing when jumping while traveling, and is easy to make. It is deeply loved by players.

Characteristics of Batang Xianzi

Batang Xianzi singing and dancing is a comprehensive art integrating poetry, piano, song and dance. The singing and dancing are centered on the piano player, and the rhythm of the entire dance is composed of If the piano player masters it, dancing, singing and dancing will be accompanied by Tibetan erhu.

The Batang Xianzi Dance is not limited by the number of people or the venue. Under the leadership of the Xianhu hand, men are in the front and women are in the back. They are arranged according to the habit of good singers and dancers and the elderly in the front. , forming a circle in a clockwise direction and dancing in a clockwise direction; the leading Xianzi hand is the leader who controls the rhythm and the ups and downs of the entire Xianzi dance. At the beginning of the Xianzi dance, the leading dancer introduces the Xianzi dance. All the participating dancers dance to the rhythm according to the specific dance steps of this song. They dance and sing at the same time. The cycle repeats. The speed of the dance gradually speeds up from slow to 0. , at the end of a Xianzi dance, all the participating dancers shouted "Xieya" in unison, which means dance well and have fun. After a short rest, when the lead dancer plays another piece of music, the participating dancers dance again, and continue dancing like this until the end of the Xianzi Dance.

The lyrics of Batang Xianzi can be divided into seven types: sacrificial songs, reunion songs, folk love songs, wedding songs, love songs, lamentations, and blessing songs, among which there are six-character sentences and four-sentence groups. There are eight-character one-line and two-line sets, and each lyric can be put into any Xianzi tune to be danced and sung. The melody of Xianzi is beautiful, short and concise, the rhythm is regular, and it is easy to sing and remember. Female dances are known for their softness, while men's dances are soft yet strong and bold. Compared with Xianzi from other places in Tibetan areas, the most prominent feature of Batang Xianzi is that it is more light, lyrical, graceful and elegant, which is mainly reflected in the melody, string playing techniques and dance postures.

In terms of melody, Batang Xianzi highlights the delicacy of typical farming culture in Tibetan areas, focuses on softness, changeability, and beautiful lyricism, and draws elements suitable for its own needs from the music of the Han and other ethnic minorities. and techniques, forming his own unique style. First, the sound range is wide, and the melody changes are richer and more delicate. The tones are mostly 6th mode, 5th mode, 2nd mode, and several modes often appear alternately.

Second, there are relatively many decorative sounds. At the end of some phrases, no decorative sound or only one decorative sound is added in other places, but Batang Xianzi has two decorative sounds, and the second decorative sound is very valuable. Short (mostly thirty-second notes or sixty-fourth notes), rising or falling, not only makes the tune more beautiful, but also more lyrical. Third, in terms of rhythm and speed, the melody of Batang Xianzi goes from slow to fast, with a graceful rhythm, which fully reflects its elegant style.

From the perspective of playing the erhu, Batang Xianzi has richer and more exquisite skills. Let’s talk about the finger position for pressing the strings first. You use the middle of the first knuckle or the position between the first and second knuckles to press the strings. This is different from the usual fretting hand that uses between the second and third knuckles. When you press the strings in the middle position, your fingers are much more flexible; look at the position of the string hand, the string hand of Batang Xianzi usually does not change the position. When the highest note of the music is higher than the first position, , is to move the little finger and ring finger down to the desired position to press the strings, which is more difficult and the effect is more obvious; for the rhythmic vibrato of the open strings, Batang Xianzi is used a lot, not only adding decoration at the end of the phrase It is used in rhythm, and a short vibrato is also added to a certain transition note in the phrase in a timely manner. It is used very skillfully and adds a lot of color to the song.

In terms of dance posture, Batang Xianzi dancers have a dignified posture, raise their heads and chests, and keep their upper bodies straight when bending down. The long sleeves are one of its major features. Dancing the long sleeves makes it look graceful, and the arms move wider, giving it a stretched and elegant beauty. In Xianzi from other regions, the arms are danced with obvious pauses according to the beat of the music, while in Batang Xianzi there are no pauses, and the emphasis is on a graceful and smooth feeling like flowing clouds and flowing water. The dance steps of Batang Xianzi such as stepping, rubbing step, leg-crossing step and forward point step are also very light, graceful and smooth.

The influence of Batang Xianzi

The popularity of Xianzi in Batang: Xianzi is very popular in Batang, and there are all men, women, old and children in urban and rural areas who can't dance. In addition to singing and dancing in their spare time, during seasonal festivals, gatherings with friends, and playing Bazi, they also use xianzi to support the scene at weddings and funerals, when opening a business, moving into a new home, and celebrating birthdays and New Years. In Batang, whether in towns or villages, whether they are octogenarians or three-year-old children, as soon as they hear the sound of the huqin, they will rush to dance in groups around bonfires or firepits, dancing all night long. Even jumping for days and nights without feeling tired at all. People often say that Batang people "sing when they can talk, and dance when they walk." It can be said that Xianzi has penetrated into every corner of life, affecting the life and mentality of every Batang person.

The influence of Xianzi in Tibetan areas and even the whole country: From the beginning of the last century to the present, the famous dancer Dai Ailian, musicians Hu Songhua, Luo Nianyi, Liu Tingyu, painters Ye Qianyu, Li Huanmin and other well-known domestic experts and scholars He went to Batang successively to collect, study and inspect Batang Xianzi.

Major domestic media such as "People's Daily", "People's Pictorial", "National Pictorial", CCTV, China People's Broadcasting Station, Central News Documentary Film Studio and other major domestic media have devoted considerable space to Batang Xianzi of numerous publicity and special reports.

In 1945, at a special party held for Chongqing negotiators of the two parties participating in the Kuomintang, the first program performed by the famous dancer Ms. Dai Ailian for Mao Zedong, Jiang Jieshi, and Chiang Kai-shek was Batang Xianzi.

In 1954, at the World Youth Festival held in Warsaw, Poland, the dance "Batang Xianzi" was one of the main programs performed by the Chinese delegation.

In 1964, the Batang County Amateur Performance Team went to Beijing to participate in the National Ethnic Minority Arts Performance. The Xianzi Dance "Pull Up the Erhu and Go to Beijing" was well received by Premier Zhou and Marshal He Long. The entire cast was also praised by Chairman Mao, -, -, - cordial reception.

In 1986, when the 10th Panchen Lama, Vice Chairman of the National People’s Congress, inspected Tibetan areas and went to Batang, he was extremely happy after watching the Batang Xianzi performed by hundreds of people and praised the Batang Xianzi greatly. And personally gave the actor a Hada.

The song "Chairman Mao's Glory", the dance "Laundry Song", the opera "Red Sun in Keshan", the dance drama "Flower Fairy Zhuo Vasam", the movie "Female-", the TV series "Gesar" King", the TV documentary "Tangbo Ancient Road", the song and dance program "Batang Connects Beijing" at the 1996 CCTV Spring Festival Gala, and a large number of very influential musical works or theme music, their music materials are all taken from Batang Xianzi.

In 1988, the Sichuan Provincial Department of Culture named Xiaqiong Town, where Batang County is located, as "Sichuan Province Characteristic (Xianzi) Cultural Township (Town); in 2000, the National Ministry of Culture awarded Batang County "Chinese Folk "The Home of Art (Xianzi)".

Batang Xianzi is a brilliant culture and art created by the people of Batang with their hard work and wisdom. It not only has a deep mass base in Batang, but is also widely known throughout the Tibetan area With the continuous development of national culture, Batang Xianzi, a wonder in the treasure house of national art, will become more and more beautiful through continuous inheritance and innovation.

Economic Overview

Batang County is located in the northwest border of Sichuan Province, with harsh natural conditions, sparsely populated areas, and relatively lagging economic development. After years of hard work, the society has developed steadily and various industries have developed. There has been great progress and development in all aspects, and people's living standards have been substantially improved. In 2002, Batang County's GDP was 110 million yuan, and the per capita GDP was 2,300 yuan; the total investment in fixed assets was 53 million yuan; The average monthly salary of urban workers is 1,194.2 yuan; the per capita annual income in rural areas is 772 yuan. The ratio of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries in GDP is 33:22:44. **The same characteristic is that the total economic volume is small. Therefore, the Batang County Party Committee and County Government decided to increase the intensity of industrial structure adjustment, seek new economic growth points, cultivate new economic pillar industries, and seek sustainable and leap-forward social and economic development.

2. Forestry economic status

After the establishment of the County Forestry Bureau in 1983, Batang Fei comprehensively carried out forest fire prevention, legal forest management, forest closure, pest control and seed collection. In the seedling work, more than 2,000 square meters of land were reforested, more than 700,000 trees were planted voluntarily, forestry science and technology were actively promoted, and suitable economic trees were vigorously developed. The forestry economy achieved great development in 1998. After the ban on logging of natural forests, the majority of workers on the forestry front in Batang County resolutely supported the decisions of the Party and the Central Committee, actively participated in afforestation and construction of beautiful mountains and rivers, and made great contributions to the ecological environment protection and construction of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. Contribution.

3. Batang County Tourism Development Plan

Batang has very rich tourism resources. The county party committee and county government decided to cultivate and develop tourism as a pillar industry. In 2001 The Culture and Tourism Bureau was established in 2015 and is actively working on the outline of the 10th Five-Year Plan for Tourism Development in Batang County. The macro-planning of strategy, protection planning, route layout, fund raising, implementation countermeasures, etc. will outline a beautiful blueprint for the rapid development of tourism in Batang County.

In the overall planning of tourism development in Garze Prefecture, the Batang's tourism resources are ranked among the best due to its diversity and other characteristics. In its overall layout, it is listed as the "Kangnan Area" of three areas, the "Southern Axis" of "three radiating main axes", and four major tourism purposes. It ranks first among the places; in the "tourist route planning" based on tourism products, there are 11 routes involving Batang and Cuopugou. It can be seen that Batang-Cuopu Forest Park has high value, important status and role in the development of tourism across the state.

Administrative divisions

Batang County is located in the west of Garze Prefecture. North latitude 28°46-30°38′, east longitude 98°58′-99°45′. It borders Xiangcheng and Litang County in the east, Derong County in the south, Mangkang, Yanjing, Gongjue County in Tibet and Deqin County in Yunnan Province across the Jinsha River in the west, and Baiyu County in the north.

Batang Xian

513335

627650

County People 0 in Xiaqiong Town

In 2004, Ba Tang County has jurisdiction over 1 town (Fuqiong) and 18 townships (Zhubalong, Lawa, Bomi, Zhongrenrong, Diwu, Suwalong, Changbo, Zhongza, Yarigong, Modo, Jiaying , Songduo, Dangba, Bogoxi, Lieyi, Deda, Cuola, Chaluo).

In January 2021, "Xiaokang" magazine launched a list of the top 100 counties and cities for spring leisure in China in 2021, with Batang County ranking 84th.

In September 2018, the list of comprehensive demonstration counties for e-commerce in rural areas in 2018 was released, and Batang County was included.

On February 22, 2018, Batang County was included in the list of counties (cities, districts) with basically balanced development of compulsory education in the country in 2017.