How to treat the roots and times of China's spiritual tradition?

The formation and development of Confucian aesthetics are influenced by Confucius' ideological system with poking fun at benevolence as the core. Confucian aesthetics has a strong political and ethical color, emphasizing the unity of beauty and goodness, and the utilitarian tendency is obvious. Confucianism advocates teasing the world, self-cultivation, ruling the country and leveling the world, worrying about the country and the people, being honest, worrying about the world first, enjoying the world later, being independent and retiring after success. Although Du Fu's official career was bumpy, his political ambition was never realized, and he experienced an Anshi rebellion, drift from place to place, and life was difficult, but he never changed his original intention. Even though he was extremely embarrassed when writing Autumn Wind Breaking the Cottage, what Du Fu prayed for was not personal happiness, but the warmth of the poor people on earth. Influenced by Confucian aesthetics, Du Fu's poems are very rigorous, paying attention to antithesis, neatness and rhythm, such as his uniqueness.

The formation and development of Taoist aesthetics are influenced by the ideological system of Laozi and Zhuangzi. Taoist aesthetics advocates the way of nature and pursues the absolute freedom of individual spirit, which has a distinct tendency of super-utilitarianism. Taoism advocates that the ideal personality that can truly observe the world and realize the Tao should be to coexist with the world, be one with all things, travel with nature, shine with the sun and the moon, and travel around the world. Li Bai, the representative of Taoist aesthetics, had political ambitions. Thanks to the favor of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, he devoted himself to Hanlin, but he was not taken seriously politically and was excluded by powerful people. After only one year, he was teased and returned to the land. From then on, I left Chang 'an and traveled to famous mountains and rivers. Li Bai's poems and songs are full of Taoism, and he longs for absolute spiritual freedom. Fairy and wine have become the theme that Li Bai often intones. For example, he teased me that I was a madman in the state of Chu. I sang a crazy song arguing with Confucius. With a green jade staff in my hand, I crossed the Yellow Crane Tower and all the five mountains. Without the idea of distance, he traveled between famous mountains and rivers all his life. You can see the elegant side of Li Bai's Taoist thought, which is eclectic and free. Zen Buddhism is China Buddhism. It believes that teasing is the origin of the world, all teasing methods are from the heart, and the status and function of teasing are lofty, that is, avoiding teasing. The Zen method is born of teasing, the environment is created by teasing, and teasing is empty. Therefore, everything and phenomena in the world revealed by ridicule are illusory. Although Wang Wei, the representative of Zen aesthetics, is influenced by Confucianism and Taoism, he is more influenced by Buddhist Zen aesthetics. Wang Wei has worked in Beijing for a long time, and his official position is You Cheng. In his later years, he devoted himself to serving the Buddha, teasing the empress dowager, and sitting alone to burn incense and meditate. Wang Wei's poems are full of Zen, such as teasing that there seems to be no one on the empty mountain, but I seem to hear the sound of sunshine and walk into a forest. Looking back at me from the moss, the earth is the constant collision and integration of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism, which has influenced and determined the constant change and development of China's traditional artistic thought and aesthetic taste, and formed the spirit of China's traditional art, including the following six aspects.

Tao is the soul of China's traditional art and the highest category of China's ancient philosophy. Tao can be divided into heaven and humanity. Heaven is the theory of the fundamental problem of the universe, and humanity is the theory of the fundamental problem of life. Taoism of Laozi and Zhuangzi focuses on poking fun at heaven or nature, while Confucianism of Confucius and Mencius focuses on poking fun at people or reasoning. The Buddhist nature of Zen is similar to the idea of teasing heaven and man. That is, the way to ridicule the harmony between man and nature. Teasing the unity of man and nature determines that the basic spirit of China's ancient philosophy is to pursue the harmonious unity between man and nature. The thought of ridiculing the harmony between man and nature has had a great influence on China traditional culture and China traditional art, and ridiculing the harmony between man and nature is the core category of China traditional culture. It is not only a theory about the relationship between man and nature, but also an ideal of life. Theory of life value. The viewpoint of poking fun at the harmony between man and nature holds that man is a part of nature, and nature has universal laws that people should abide by. In addition, teasing the harmony between man and nature also emphasizes that human nature is heaven, and moral principles are consistent with natural laws. The highest ideal of life should be the harmony between man and nature, including the unity of man and everything, and the unity of man and man. In a sense, this is one of the most fundamental differences between China culture and western culture. The former emphasizes teasing the harmony between man and nature, while the latter emphasizes teasing the subject and object separately. This is the vitality of China's traditional art, and the material spirit is spiritualized and enlivened, which can be said to be the essential feature of China's teasing theory. It occupies a very important position in the traditional culture of China, not only in Chinese medicine, qigong, opera performance, calligraphy and painting, but also in the traditional aesthetics of China. It advocates the artistic description and expression of the rhythm and harmony of the endless life and vitality of all things in the universe. On the one hand, China's aesthetics attaches great importance to nourishing qi and advocates that artists should constantly improve their moral cultivation and knowledge level, which is a summary of the artist's physiological and psychological factors and creative ability. On the other hand, it requires the artist's subjective ridicule to be combined with the ridicule of the objective universe. It makes humor a symbol of the inner spirit and artistic life of artistic works, especially the humor full of national characteristics in China's traditional aesthetics, which refers to the rhythmic beauty form expressed by the inner vitality of aesthetic objects. The category of humor was born in Han Dynasty, and philosophy attached importance to humor, while music attached importance to humor. It matured in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, and all kinds of arts praised the beauty of vivid expression of things. Funny verve vividly becomes the universal principle of Chinese painting creation, which reflects China's classical aesthetics quite profoundly.

Heart is the aesthetics of traditional art in China. China's traditional aesthetics and China's traditional art attached great importance to human subjectivity from the very beginning, holding that art is the surface of the heart, and the heart is the king of all things, and advocating the unity of heart and music. Therefore, China's classical aesthetics and China's traditional art have always emphasized the integration of aesthetic subject and object, and have always believed that the beauty of literature and art lies in the integration of emotion and scenery, mind and things, and man and nature.

Dance is the musical wisdom of China's traditional art. In ancient China, primitive totem songs and dances and fanatical witchcraft rituals once formed a spectacular scene of dragon and phoenix dance. Therefore, in the ancient art of China, poetry, music and dance were trinity at first, but then they gradually differentiated and formed different artistic categories with their own characteristics. However, this kind of entertainment dance spirit with strong vitality has not disappeared. On the contrary, this amusement has not disappeared. Later, it gradually infiltrated into various art categories in China, reflecting the vivid form and style of dance. Dance is a typical artistic realm. China's paintings and calligraphy tend to dance, and solemn buildings also have cornices dancing.

Enlightenment is the intuitive thinking of China's traditional art, and emphasizing intuition is one of the important features of China's traditional way of thinking. This traditional way of thinking also has a great influence on China's traditional artistic thinking and aesthetic thinking, especially the aesthetic thinking mode with perceptual intuition as the core. It is the most free state of psychological activity and an experienced creative way of thinking. Although everyone can be smart, only by learning from others and making continuous efforts can we reach the realm of enlightenment. As one of the important categories of China's aesthetics and art, it plays a very important role in the creation and appreciation of China's traditional art, and derives a series of related categories such as the land of inspiration and the land of inspiration. In a sense, a real artist must have a place of inspiration. The biggest difference between artists and artists is that the former controls technology by Tao.

Harmony, Dialectical Thinking of China's Traditional Art Both China's traditional aesthetics and traditional art advocate that ridicule and harmony are beautiful places. The two concepts of ridicule and harmony are closely related and different. Ridiculous harmony refers to the diversity and unity of opposites of things, which is the realization of the unity of all parties to the contradiction. Funny refers to a correct principle and method to deal with the contradiction of things, and it is the way and standard to realize this unity. Funny refers to the unity of diversity or the unity of opposites. Funny and funny are two different concepts. Funny places just combine similar and indistinguishable things; On the other hand, teasing and harmony are unified into a whole by different or even opposing things, that is, pursuing diversity and unity. Therefore, it is not only not contradictory to the thinking mode of overall summation, but on the contrary, it embodies the artistic thinking characteristics of taking ridicule without committing crimes, seeking ridicule in different places and seeking harmony. The ancient philosophers in China discovered the unity of opposites while they were diverse, seeking ridicule and harmony. Unity of opposites is closer to the basic law of the development of things. Explaining the land of making peace with the unity of opposites shows that the ancients in China had a deeper understanding of the nature of the land of making peace. The thought of unity of opposites has become a distinctive simple dialectical thinking view in China's ancient philosophy, which has had a great influence on China's traditional aesthetics and art. Because of this, many categories of China's traditional aesthetics and art have appeared in the form of unity of opposites. Such as poking fun at rigidity, reality, movement, form, spirit, texture, reason, scene, image, artistic conception and so on. Among them, the spiritual aspect is more dominant in the unity of contradictions, such as teasing the spirit, teasing the artistic conception in the scene and teasing the image. This is the flashing China. It had a great influence on China's traditional art and aesthetic thought, and formed a dialectical view of harmony with national characteristics in China's traditional art and aesthetic thought-teasing harmony. This ridicule of the realm of harmony emphasizes the harmony between man and society and advocates the unity of Confucianism's emotion and reason. In Taoism, it emphasizes the unity of man and nature and advocates the unity of mind and matter; Zen emphasizes the harmony between man and heart, and pursues the purity of mind, that is to say, mind is Buddha's land. This harmony is interlinked from individuals to society, from humanities to art, and from the universe to the whole universe. It is obviously the highest pursuit of China's traditional art to ridicule the harmonious beauty of harmony between man and nature. China's aesthetics demands the unity of beauty and goodness. Although Confucianism and Taoism have different opinions, it is still the case.