What did Fanka's letter say? Urgent! urgent! ! ! !

First, the interpretation of teaching materials

1. Short text.

This passage reflects the tragic fate of poor children in Russian society under the tsar's rule and exposes the darkness of the social system at that time.

This article is described according to the process of writing letters. Began to describe that on Christmas Eve, when the boss, proprietress and the guys went to church, Fanka secretly wrote a letter to grandpa. Then, in the letter, Fanka confided his unbearable miserable apprenticeship to Grandpa, repeatedly begged Grandpa to take him out of here and go back to the countryside, and recalled two scenes of rural life (one was Grandpa's vigil and the other was Christmas); Finally, I wrote a fan card, put the written letter into the mailbox, and saw grandpa reading his letter in a sweet dream.

The expression of this article has two main characteristics. First, when talking about Fanka's tragic experience, the author's narrative, Fanka's letter and his memories in the process of writing letters are interspersed and set off each other. Secondly, it adopts the expressions of contrast, contrast and suggestion. In this paper, the contents of the letter are mainly quoted. Fanka confided to his grandfather the abuse and bullying he suffered as an apprentice, with the keynote of "bitterness"; The content of this article mainly focuses on the happiness of living in the country, and the keynote is "music". Complaining is the main thing, with "music" as the contrast, which contrasts in content and emotion. The author's description of Fanka's writing environment, movements and methods makes readers feel Fanka's inner "pain" more deeply. Finally, the text ends with Fanka's dream, which symbolizes the disillusionment of his wishes, leaving people with deep thoughts and arousing people's deep sympathy for Fanka and anger against the dark society.

There are three main purposes in writing this text: first, let students know about foreign cultures and pay attention to the tragic fate of characters; The second is to understand the thoughts and feelings of the article and the author's expression method in reading; The third is to stimulate students' interest in reading foreign literary works.

The teaching focus of this paper is to pay attention to Fanka's tragic fate through reading, understand the characters' thoughts and feelings, and understand the meaning of the ending sentence. The difficulty lies in understanding the comparison and contrast between what is memorized in the text and what is written in the letter.

2. Text analysis.

Understanding of (1) sentence.

On Christmas Eve, he didn't lie down to sleep. He waited for the boss, the proprietress and some guys to go to church, so he took out a small bottle of ink and a rusty pen from the boss's closet, smoothed a crumpled white paper and wrote a letter.

On Christmas Eve, Fanka didn't lie down to sleep, because this festival made him miss his only relative, Grandpa, and because he also had a wish to secretly write to Grandpa and ask him to take him back. The phrase "wait ... just" saw the urgency of Fanka's mood. Fanka didn't dare to write until everyone left, for fear of being discovered, which also hinted at the hardships of Fanka's apprentice life.

He sighed, knelt in front of the workbench and spread the paper on the workbench.

There are two sighs about Fanka's letter-writing process. "Fanka sighed, dipped the tip of the pen and went on writing." "Fanka sighed sadly and stared at the window." For a 9-year-old child, this sigh is out of proportion to his age. In the process of writing letters, he kept sighing, which showed that such a life really overwhelmed him and made him extremely painful.

My life is hopeless, even worse than a dog!

"Hope" refers to the hope of life. Fanka came to a big city as an apprentice, hoping to learn how to make shoes. He has a skill to support his family, but what he can do here has nothing to do with learning to make shoes. I expected to have food and shelter from now on, but I "starved to death" and was almost killed, even worse than a dog; I thought that the big city of Moscow would make life easier, but the poor still couldn't help it ... Hunger, loneliness and pain completely shattered Fanka's dream, so he said, "My life is hopeless." The article mentioned death several times, which also reflected Fanka's extremely painful mood.

An hour later, he fell asleep with sweet hope. In his dream, he saw a warm kang, and his grandfather sat on it, his legs drooping, reading his letters ... Loach walked around the kang, wagging his tail. ...

I think about it every day and dream every night. Fanka's dream letter soon reached grandpa, and grandpa picked it up as soon as he read it. At the end of the text is Fanka's dream. What's the meaning? We can think about this question: Will Grandpa get a letter from Fanka? For this question, we can't just stay on the superficial answer that "Fanka didn't write the recipient's address clearly, and Fanka's grandfather couldn't receive the letter", but we should also deeply understand that even if he received the letter, would grandpa come to pick up Fanka? We can know from the article that Fanka's grandfather is just a poor night watchman. I'm afraid he can't support this growing child, and he can't find a job to let Fanka eat in the village. Otherwise, how could he bear to send his only grandson to a strange big city to find a way out? Even if you receive it, there is nothing you can do. In this way, Fanka's beautiful wish is just like his dream, just a naive dream. After waking up, the miserable life remains the same, even more miserable, because the only hope is shattered, and he even has no dreams.

(2) Understanding of words.

Compassion: charity and compassion.

Hope: look forward to it wholeheartedly, look forward to it.

Villa: a garden house built in the suburbs or scenic spots for rest and recuperation. The text refers to a house for gentlemen to enjoy.

Prayer: Christians or superstitious people turn to heaven and God for help.

Sniff: Sniff and cry in a low voice.

Bangzi: A hollow sounder for overtime performance, made of bamboo or wood.

Felt boots: boots made of wool.

Care: This article refers to care and care.

Ruble: the name of the Russian monetary unit. 1 ruble equals 100 kopecks.

Snuff: a tobacco product, powdered smoke inhaled through the nostrils.

Second, the teaching objectives

1. Can write 15 new words. Can correctly read and write the words "hunger, worship, rust, crumpling, dim, shrinking, shrugging, jack-o'-lantern, gruel, pie mouth, ups and downs, box, frozen stiff, funny, jumping, catching, orphan, disturbing, sweet, warm kang, drooping, matchstick, Christmas tree, black mass, smile and loneliness".

2. Read the text with emotion. Grasp the main content as a whole, understand Fanka's miserable apprentice life and his extremely painful mood.

3. Try to figure out the expression method of the text, understand the expression effect of the combination of the author's narrative, letter content and memory, and understand the meaning of "dream" at the end of the text.

Third, teaching suggestions

1. Fanka is a long article with complicated content and form. In order to improve teaching efficiency, teaching must highlight key points and difficulties.

(1) Read the text quickly for the first time, so that students can get a general understanding of the text content and writing methods, and sort out the clues of "preparing to write-writing-sending letters" in the text. Then, ask the students to mark the contents of the letter and the memories in the process of writing. In this way, students can basically understand the text structure through reading and manual correction since enlightenment. This is also the design intention of 1 after class.

(2) In teaching, we should highlight the content of Fan Ka's letter writing. The content of this article is very rich, among which the core content is Fanka's letter to grandpa, and paragraphs 8, 10 and 15, which reflect Fanka's miserable life and inner pain, are the most concentrated. In teaching, we should take these three natural paragraphs as the focus of understanding and experience, especially the eighth natural paragraph as the top priority, so that the content and emotion are deeply imprinted in students' minds.

In teaching, after students understand the contents of the letter, let them read the contents of the letter together to find out the main purpose and reason of Fanka writing to grandpa. Then, around the sentence "My life is hopeless, even a dog is worse", what hope did the students have to imagine Fanka as an apprentice? Then, through self-reading and discussion, I can understand what kind of apprentice life Fanka leads and experience the unbearable pain in Fanka's heart. Finally, read all the contents of the letter with emotion.

(3) Combining the comparison and contrast between the contents recalled in the text and the relevant contents in the letter, we can deeply understand our thoughts and feelings. In the process of writing to Fanka, the author interspersed two memories of the past, one is the scene of grandpa's vigil and the beautiful night scene on Christmas Eve in the country, and the other is the "happy" life when he went to cut down the Christmas tree with grandpa. This arrangement is intended to form a sharp contrast with the miserable life in reality. Fanka's life in the countryside is obviously very bitter, but Fanka feels very beautiful and happy in retrospect, which shows how painful life in the city is. We should also pay attention to guiding students to experience Fanka's psychological activities, so as to truly understand the thoughts and feelings of the characters and Fanka's extremely painful inner world.

2. Focus on reading and strengthen reading guidance. The second question after class, "Find out the contents of Fanka letter and read it with emotion", puts forward the requirement of reading aloud. For this paper, guiding students to read aloud with emotion is not only an important goal of teaching, but also an important means for students to understand the thoughts and feelings of characters and feel the writing style.

Fanka's letter should read the misery and pain of his life and the urgency of returning to his hometown; For the paragraphs recalling rural life outside the letter, we can read them by comparing the contents of the letter, and guide the students to read the beautiful impression left by poor rural life in Fanka's heart.

3. The purpose of designing the third question after class is to implement the teaching goal of understanding expression. This exercise can be carried out after learning the whole text. After in-depth study of the text, students can be guided to communicate and experience the characteristics of expression and the effect of this expression. Ask the students to list specific sentences and paragraphs according to their own understanding, and talk about the benefits of writing like this. Students should be encouraged to express their opinions and have discussions, and they should not be forced to agree. Students can't say or give examples, and teachers can guide them appropriately, but they can't do all of them, let alone turn this exercise into the teacher's own analysis of the text writing method.

The fourth question after class is the requirement of language accumulation. This article has vivid language, full images and sincere feelings. Some describe the appearance of characters, some describe the scenery, and some express their thoughts and feelings. These wonderful sentences and paragraphs have accumulated value. Let the students choose and write down their favorite words and phrases. After copying, the students can communicate with each other.

After-class "writing exercise" is intended to make students reasonably imagine "what will happen when Fanka wakes up" according to their understanding of the text, and directly aim at his dream, and further understand Fanka's miserable apprentice life through the disillusionment of Fanka's dream. This is not only a writing exercise, but also a platform for students to express their concern for Fanka's fate and sympathy for Fanka.

4. Paragraphs 10, 1 1 and 12 of the text are continuous quotations from letters written by Fanka, so paragraphs 10 and1only have front quotation marks. Students may not know much about this usage of quotation marks, so the teacher should give some hints.

There are many new words in this article, which will make it difficult for students to read smoothly and coherently. Therefore, when reading the text for the first time, we should emphasize the correct pronunciation with the help of phonetic notation, and pay attention to correcting pronunciation errors when guiding reading aloud. After learning the text, you should check the pronunciation of the new words again to consolidate it. "Rubbing, dipping, skimming and choking" is easy to make mistakes, so students should be reminded to write correctly and beautifully. There are many polyphonic words in this class, so students should be guided to read correctly.

6. After learning the text, students can be recommended to read Chekhov's other short stories or Gorky's On Earth.

Fourth, teaching cases.

Teaching design

In the first lesson,

First, introduce the new lesson and the background.

1. Reveal the topic. Students, after learning Andersen's famous fairy tale The Little Match Girl, today we will learn an excellent foreign short story Fanka.

2. Supplementary information to understand the background. The author of this text is Chekhov, a famous Russian writer. Show the materials and think silently: What do you know from these materials?

Show courseware:

Chekhov and his works.

Chekhov (1860- 1904), a famous Russian writer in the 19th century, lived in the darkest period of czarist Russia, and his works mercilessly exposed the dark social reality of czarist Russia.

"Fanka" was written in 1886, reflecting that countless bankrupt peasants were forced to flow into cities to make a living in the czar era and were deeply exploited, even their children were not spared. The novel Fanka is really touching, and it also shows us the miserable life of the poor in the old Russian era.

Second, reading the text, the overall perception

1. Read the text freely and think: What is the main thing written in the text? What parts should I write?

(The article mainly wrote that Fanka wrote to his grandfather, telling him that life as an apprentice in a shoemaker's house in Moscow was very painful and wanted him to take him back. The text can be roughly divided into three parts: preparing to write a letter, writing a letter and sending a letter. )

2. Communicate the difficulties encountered when reading the text for the first time and eliminate reading obstacles.

Read foreign names correctly. Read it together. Read them correctly first, and then talk about their role in the story.

(Courseware display: Fanka zhukov, Ariadne, Konstantin Makalic, Rifalovic, Figika, Alena, Igor, Kahidanka. )

② Understand uncommon words, and understand the pronunciation and meaning of polyphonic words. Such as "finally" and "glum".

③ Words that are easy to be misspelled in AC vocabulary.

For example, the word "dip" is a word with upper and lower structures and cannot be written as left and right structures. The right side of the word "left" cannot be written as "spacious" or "open".

Third, read the contents of the letter and feel the emotion of the article.

(A) the content of the first reading letter, the overall perception

1. What kind of life did Fanka live as an apprentice in Moscow? Why does he want grandpa to take him back to his hometown? Scan the text quickly, mark the contents of the letter and see what paragraphs there are.

2. Connect the contents of the letter, read freely, discuss after reading, and see what Fanka wrote in the letter.

(2) Read the contents of the letter carefully and feel the painful life of Fanka.

1. After reading the letter, you will know what kind of life Fanka is living in the boss's house. Explain in detail in the text.

2. Learn the painful life of Fanka in paragraphs 8 and 15, and understand the pain of Fanka being beaten, starving and unable to sleep well.

① Show the eighth paragraph of the courseware, read freely, pay attention to the words marked with red lines, and tell me what you found.

The courseware shows the eighth paragraph, and the words "pull, drag, hit, fish and poke" are marked with red lines. )

(2) Teacher Fan reads the eighth paragraph and writes a clip of Fan Card being beaten. Let the students listen and think. What kind of picture do they imagine?

(3) How do you feel after reading this?

(4) Being beaten frequently is only one aspect of Fanka's painful life. Besides being beaten, what pain did Fanka suffer? (Hungry, can't sleep well)

⑤ Summary: 9-year-old Fanka lived such a painful life in the boss's house: being beaten, starving, working all day and not sleeping well. There is no freedom, no dignity, and even the basic rights of being a human being. Therefore, Fanka wrote to ask Grandpa to take him away and escape from this inhuman life.

3. Learn the parts in paragraphs 8, 10 and 15 where Fanka asks Grandpa to take him home, so as to further feel Fanka's pain.

How did he beg grandpa? Find out the paragraphs and sentences that Fanka asked grandpa to take him away, read them and talk about his feelings.

(2) Guide reading the three paragraphs in the letter where Fanka asked Grandpa to take him away. Read his inner pain and despair.

4. Read the paragraph 1 1 freely. What did you learn from it? Moscow is a very busy city. )

Since Moscow is so lively, why did Fankaqiu ask Grandpa to take him back to his hometown?

6. Summary: Now that we read Fanka's letter, we know that Fanka was an apprentice in the city, beaten, hungry, working all day, unable to sleep well, and life was very painful, so we begged grandpa to take him back to his hometown.

7. Question: Do you have any questions about Fanka's letter? (Camera description 10, 1 1, 12 usage of quotation marks. )

8. Fanka suffered a lot from childhood, so what will his fate be like? Continue to study next class.

Fourth, homework

After class, the students copy the new words and phrases in this lesson in their exercise books.

In the second lesson,

First of all, feel the memories of Fanka and experience the emotion of the article.

(1) Review old knowledge and read Memories silently.

1. We read this text for the first time last class. Who can tell me what Fanka wrote in the letter?

2. Besides Fanka's letter, what else is written in the article? Read some natural paragraphs except the letter silently, and discuss with each other after reading. I also wrote Fanka's memories of country life. )

3. Mark the paragraphs in the text where Fanka recalls rural life. (Paragraphs 4, 5 and 6 and paragraphs 13 and 14. )

(2) Read Memories again and feel happy.

1. What did Fanka recall? I recall my grandfather's vigil in the country, the beautiful night scene in my hometown and the scene of cutting down the Christmas tree with my grandfather. )

2. Under what circumstances did Fanka recall these past events? Browse the text quickly and find the answer in the text. When Fanka wrote to Grandpa, he recalled Grandpa's vigil in the country and the beautiful night scene in his hometown. When he wrote about the painful life as an apprentice in the city, he recalled the happy time when he cut down the Christmas tree with his grandfather in the country. )

3. Summary: This is the text. We can further understand Fanka's painful life in the city by interweaving his letters to grandpa and his memories of rural life when he wrote them.

4. What was Fanka's mood when he recalled these past events?

5. From which sentences did you feel the happiness of Fanka? Read these paragraphs again, draw sentences that show Fanka's happy mood, and write down your own understanding and feelings beside them.

6. communication.

(1) Read the sixth paragraph, and feel Fanka's complicated mood when he recalls the beautiful scenery of his hometown.

② Read paragraph 4 and 13 aloud, and feel the freedom and happiness when Fanka and grandpa are together.

Reread Memories and feel the writing.

1. Fanka wrote a letter to recall the past, which made people feel the happiness when Fanka recalled the past. Read these natural passages carefully and think about them. Is Fanka really so happy in China?

2. Discuss and communicate.

In fact, Fanka lives a poor life in the country, but why does she feel very happy now?

4. Summary: The article is interspersed with memories of rural life when Fanka wrote letters, which makes us more deeply understand his miserable life as an apprentice in the city. This part is interspersed with descriptions, which plays a very important role in highlighting Fanka's painful mood.

Second, combined with text illustrations, understand the mood of the characters.

1. Look at the illustrations in the text and observe the pictures carefully. Which natural paragraph in the text describes the scene in the picture? Read the second paragraph by name.

2. What do you feel from this description?

3. Look at the second paragraph together to understand Fanka's mentality at that time.

4. Where did Fanka sigh in the article? Read the seventh paragraph and two exclamations in 13 by name.

Nine-year-olds should be carefree, but Fanka sighs again and again. What have you learned from these three exclamations?

Third, discuss the ending of the story and feel the fate of the characters.

1. Fanka is full of ardent expectations for Grandpa, hoping that Grandpa will pick him up and leave here as soon as possible. But all this, grandpa will know? Will grandpa take Fanka home? Read the four natural paragraphs written by Fanka in the envelope freely, and then discuss them with your deskmate.

2. Exchange discussions.

(1) Because Van Card didn't specify the specific address on the envelope, Grandpa would definitely not receive a letter from Van Card and would definitely not pick him up.

② If the address is clearly written, will Fanka's life change?

3. summary. Either way, in the dark age of tsarist Russia, Fanka's tragic fate cannot be changed. Every plot of the article makes us deeply feel the tragic fate of Fanka.

Read the last paragraph together. How do you feel at the end of the story?

5. summary. This is a Fanka written by Chekhov, a famous Russian writer. This touching story touched the hearts of every reader. What will happen to Fanka? The omission at the end of the article left us room for imagination.

Fourth, extracurricular expansion, homework

1. The text ends when Fanka fell asleep and had a sweet dream, which is exactly Chekhov's genius. But dreams always wake up. What happens when Fanka wakes up? Please expand your imagination and write it down.

Chekhov was a great writer. He not only created an unforgettable image of Fanka for us, but also created many excellent works. Students can see his other works in the future.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) related links

1. Chekhov (1860-1904) is a famous Russian writer. His works are characterized by concise and accurate language. He is good at exploring through the surface of life and exposing the hidden motives of characters to the fullest. /kloc-was considered as an outstanding representative of Russian realistic literature school at the end of 0/9. Chekhov's short stories occupy an irreplaceable position in the history of Russian literature and even the history of world literature with their highly concise lyric art and concise humorous brushwork. They have been translated into 100 and published in many languages, and have been selling well so far. Chekhov's short stories are one of the most influential foreign literary works in China. Many literary masters such as Lu Xun, Zhao and Zheng Zhenduo have translated his works. His main works include: short stories Depression, Chameleon, Man in a Trap, Light bulb and so on. The novella Prairie, The Jumping Woman, Anna Hanging Around the Neck, Ward Six, Women's World, etc. There are also plays Seagull, Uncle Vanya, Three Sisters and cherry orchard.

The novel Fanka was written on 1886. It was the darkest period of the Russian czar's rule. People live a miserable life, and countless bankrupt farmers are forced to flow into cities to make a living. They are deeply exploited, even children are not spared. Chekhov witnessed his father's abuse of young apprentices in his father's grocery store, and he was very sympathetic to his fate.

2. Why can Fanka write such a long letter?

Fanka is a famous novel written by Chekhov, a famous Russian novelist, at the end of 19. When I was selected into the primary school Chinese textbook, I was deleted by the editor. This passage is a supplementary narrative in this novel, which explains Xiao Fanka's research on culture before he became an apprentice. After the sentence "Grandpa dragged the cut tree back to the owner's house and everyone began to decorate the tree", another sentence appeared: "Miss Olga Ignativna, Fanka's good friend, is the busiest. When little Fanka's mother Pilgaia was still alive and worked as a maid in his master's house, Miss Olga Ignativna often gave him candy to eat. In her spare time, she taught him to read, write, count, count from one to one hundred, and even taught him to dance the Kadrill. After the death of Piragaia, they sent the orphan Fanka to the servant's kitchen to live with his grandfather, and later sent him from the kitchen to the shop of Moscow shoemaker Ariadne ... "

Fanka is a clever boy. Before he was nine, he could read, write and, of course, write letters. Russian is written in pinyin. The spelling of common words is mastered in the first or second grade of primary school, and it is not difficult to read when you graduate from primary school. Russian is somewhat different from English. As long as you master 33 letters in Russian, you can basically solve the problem of literacy and writing. Of course, there is also a grammatical problem, which is the law of language combination. The law of language combination, to put it bluntly, is the habit of language. Nine-year-old Fanka has a certain oral expression ability (speaking ability), and she is fully capable of writing down what she wants to say to her grandfather. As for the length of the letter and the level of education, there is no necessary connection. Fanka has endless pains in his heart. If he wants to talk enough with his grandfather, he will naturally write a long letter. Primary school students in grade one and grade two in our country will not write long letters even if they are all familiar with their own words, because there are still many words that they can't write. But if you write all the words you can't write in Chinese Pinyin, you can also write long letters. From this perspective, it is credible and true that Fanka wrote such a long letter.

In addition, this is a literary work, and the author expresses his thoughts through Fanka's letter. In the teaching of literary works, we should pay attention to guiding students to grasp and understand from the humanistic point of view, instead of being "true" everywhere like studying science, otherwise it will deviate from the main purpose of teaching such works. (Ling Yi)

3. Why does Fanka have two different names?

At the beginning of the lesson Fanka, when I introduced the characters, I wrote: "Nine-year-old Fanka zhukov ..."; At the end of the letter to grandpa, he signed "Your grandson Ivan zhukov". Why does the same person have two different names?

This is because when writing Russian names, the first name comes first, the last name comes last, and the middle is separated by a space symbol. "Fanka" is a first name and "zhukov" is a surname. "Fanka" is the nickname of "Ivan", which is equivalent to adding the word "A" or "Xiao" before the name of a child in our country, and calling it "A×" or "Xiao×". This nickname is generally limited to relatives or relatives, so Fanka signed "Ivan zhukov" at the end of his letter to grandpa. (Ling Yi)