Similarities and differences between ancient Egyptian architecture and ancient West Asian architecture in stone architecture

Ancient Egyptian architecture has a profound cultural imprint and a strong religious meaning in terms of artistic symbols, spatial settings, functional arrangements, etc., which embodies the unique humanistic tradition and peculiar spiritual concept of ancient Egypt. Pyramid According to historical records, ancient Egypt was located in the Nile Valley, and the surrounding mountains blocked external harassment. After the warm and stable Nile floods regularly every year, it leaves fertile farmland and brings a bumper harvest every year. In this way, the ancient Egyptian civilization lasted for 3000 years and became one of the four ancient civilizations. But its stable natural and social order seems to be eternal and static. In architectural art, its space also embodies eternity and stillness. Some solid geometric shapes are often used in architectural design, such as squares and triangles. From the Zhaosel Mausoleum complex to the famous Gusa Pyramid, they are all square planes, obtaining the most stable spatial modeling, symbolizing the eternal theme. Many dark and mysterious space pillars of the Sun Temple are densely arranged like forests, and the light falls on huge pillars through high windows, which gives people a mysterious sense of oppression and also shows the limitations of rationality in ancient Egypt. Technical restrictions make the internal space of the temple very narrow and depressing. This sense of space is the need of primitive religious function, and it is also a very naive religious space.

The development process of folding and editing this paragraph.

Ancient Egypt is the birthplace of world civilization. Its structure is divided into three main periods:

Folding ancient kingdom period

The architecture of the ancient kingdom is represented by the world-famous pyramids. Ancient Egyptian architects used huge scale, simple and steady geometric modeling, clear symmetry axis and profound spatial layout to show the majestic, solemn and mysterious effect of the pyramids.

Folding the middle kingdom period

The buildings in the Central Kingdom are represented by grottoes and mausoleums. During this period, the beam-column structure was adopted, which can create a spacious indoor space. The tomb of Manduhetup III, built around 2000 BC, is a typical example.

Folding the new kingdom period

The architecture in the New Kingdom period is represented by temples. It mainly consists of three parts: the inner courtyard surrounded by colonnades, the large column hall dedicated to subjects, and the secret room of the shrine that only pharaohs and monks can enter. The biggest ones are Karnak Temple and Amon Temple in Luxor.

Fold and edit the historical background of this paragraph.

Of all the Mediterranean cultures, the ancient Egyptian culture lasted for the longest time, and its development lasted for thousands of years. Three symbols of ancient Egyptian civilization-hieroglyphs, pyramids and the Sphinx, two of which are related to architecture. Among all kinds of buildings in ancient Egypt, the most striking is the pyramids. This huge stone pier was once regarded as "the barn of Egypt" by early travelers. The name pyramid should come from the Greek pyramis, which means a kind of flour scone. The Chinese word "pyramid" is translated because its square cone or stepped outline is similar to the Chinese character "gold". Many people believe that this architectural form itself symbolizes the highest god in the Nile region-the sun. Of course, many people don't think so. They believe that the architectural form of the pyramid is related to the primitive reproductive worship of ancient Egyptians, and it is more likely to be a symbol of male roots, or it stems from some worship of male roots.

The pharaohs in ancient Egypt dreamed of becoming permanent rulers. In order to show his supreme authority, he often built pyramids for himself before his death. Since ancient times, the pyramids have always been regarded as the tombs of ancient Egyptian pharaohs, that is, kings. They have a feeling of surprise and fear. It is generally believed that the pyramids are only a part of the whole cemetery complex, including temples and other buildings connected by hidden tunnels. For example, the most well-preserved Hafra Pyramid, which is second only to pyramid of khufu in scale, has a Sphinx about 20 meters high and 73.2 meters long, and is carved from a whole natural boulder. People call it the Sphinx. Since 1930s, some scholars have expressed doubts about the view that the Sphinx is a part of the whole structure of the Hafra Pyramid. The main reason is that the sharp contrast between the sphinx and the pyramid in carving and modeling makes people have different views on the overall scope and intention. Some scholars think that the Sphinx should be built before the desert was formed. The evidence is that the Sphinx has traces of rain erosion.

Fold and edit this cultural relic.

The three pyramids of Khufu, khalaf and Menkaure, as well as the sphinx still standing on the Giza platform, arouse people's infinite mysterious reverie. Why did humans have the strength to build such a modern tomb as early as 5000 years ago? Did the ancient Egyptians get help from aliens? Are there any legendary ancient countries? ..... The pyramids are not only the mystery of architecture, but also the mystery of human civilization, and the mystery of human origin and ancient productivity. For the mysterious pyramid, people's views or explanations can be described as new ideas. For example, some Japanese scholars think that the pyramid may not be the tomb of Pharaoh; British scholars put forward that the pyramids should be regarded as places related to Pharaoh's funeral ceremony; Some scholars have pointed out that the three pyramids of Giza have some astronomical characteristics and should be studied as a whole ... These seemingly simple but inscrutable questions, 1000, may not get convincing answers. From the unfathomable mystery, the pyramids are undoubtedly historical relics left by ancient times beyond our imagination. These "stone history books" containing eternal mysteries have now become the most important tourism resources and national historical symbols in Egypt. Due to the popularity of "hermeneutics anthropology", especially hermeneutics, the pyramids of ancient Egypt gradually turned to look for inner meaning, emphasizing the special importance of understanding "tradition". Some hermeneutics believe that any "tradition" with vitality must be changeable and open, and only when researchers in the humanities field consciously go deep into cultural traditions can they understand the internal meaning of various external symbols of this culture. This direct experience is what Yuan Yishan, a writer in the Jin Dynasty in China, said: "Draw a picture, how many people are near Chang 'an? "That is, anthropologists put forward requirements there. On March 3rd 1999, Tang Shiceng, a reporter from Xinhua News Agency who wrote "I entered the pyramid", was invited as a guest, probably because he really got through the Pharaoh's tomb and told a story with "being there"!

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Ancient Egyptian art has made brilliant achievements in the fields of architecture, sculpture, painting and arts and crafts. Egyptians believe that people can continue to live in another world after death. Just like plants die in winter and can be regenerated the next year. Osiris, one of the great gods they worshipped, was also in charge of the flood that brought Su Sheng to plants, and Osiris himself was killed by the enemy and reborn under the magic of his wife and children. Therefore, Egyptian priests believed that as long as Pharaoh's body was preserved, they could continue to "live" inside and outside the mausoleum. In this way, the famous "mummy" (a corpse soaked, wrapped and sealed by drugs), as well as luxuriously decorated coffins and solid pyramids were produced. The religious thought of ancient Egypt also preached that the human soul is everywhere. The bigger and more stable the pyramid is, the Pharaoh will live forever. Mechanically speaking, this square pyramid with a wide base and huge volume is indeed the most stable, and it really makes people feel "unshakable" in psychological feelings. Next to the Pharaoh's Pyramid in Cuffley, there is a 20-meter-high huge stone carving "The Sphinx"-a statue with a lion's head. Under the attack of war and sandstorm, this monster's face presents a hazy mystery, so people often regard "Sphinx smile" as a synonym for a mysterious expression.