I'm surprised. Can Hanjiazhai only have a few shabby mud houses for more than 1,000 years? ! !

Hanjiazhai

1. "Hanjiazhai" is a poetic prose. Use ink to describe the environment, and use ink to describe the characters as sparingly as gold - and the profound theme is contained in the description, and beyond the words, it is worth chewing. It is a pity that many middle school readers have made unreasonable comments about such a beautiful article. Some say that the author was brainwashed and wrote this absurd work, filling the readers' rational minds with chaotic vision and morbid imagination. Some people say: Too much space is used to describe the scenery. The author seems to be showing off his literary talent and deliberately writes extremely obscurely. The reading of this prose will enable students who are still wise to understand: a poetic prose is a superior prose; a reader who appreciates poetry is a tasteful reader.

2. The theme of this prose is profound, enlightening and alarming. The theme of "persistence" is by no means limited to the persistence of survival in the barren land of the Han family. In fact, it can be seen everywhere in our lives: some people persist in poverty amidst the overflow of materialistic desires, and some persist in the overflow of vulgarity. Elegance, some people stick to their ideals in loneliness, some stick to their deeds in the "game life", some stick to "being sober" when "everyone is drunk", some stick to "treating the root cause" in the rush for quick success, some stick to "treating the root cause" while "everyone is drunk" Maintaining the essence of the nation in "total Westernization"... The study of this prose will enable students with unyielding conscience to think and choose the correct "persistence", so as to make their lives radiant.

It is a point where great scenery and great landforms gather. When I came down from the Tianshan Mountains, my heart was wrapped in the tranquility of the surrounding fields - the terrifying deathly silence that filled the sky and heaven. I listened to the monotonous sound of horse hooves trying to collide with this silence, and I couldn't help but hold my breath.

It might have been easier if there hadn't been the hoofbeats made by this horse. 300 miles of empty mountains and endless valleys, riding alone all the way, I thought about it and unconsciously felt waves of coolness coming over me. The tranquility of the mountains and wilderness is eternal; once you are taken in by it, you will never be able to leave it again for the rest of your life. No matter where I went later, I would always have visions in my eyes and my heart would be full of hallucinations. Everywhere in the world was like the iron-colored Gobi Desert, so empty and quiet, helpless. With only a confused feeling, I let the Yili horse carry me, step by step away from the majestic Tianshan Mountains behind me.

It is completely different from the tender blue pine grass in the northern foothills - the southern foothills of Tianshan Mountain are a piece of skin that has been burned by the earth. Except for a poisonous weed called uga in Uighur language, which is turquoise, the rocks are crumbled red stone, and the soil is light red scorched earth. Among the folds of the mountain, the traces of wind erosion are as clear as knife cuts, and vicious sharp stone edges pile up in waves, covering the hillside facing the sun. The horse carefully chose the place to land on the blood-like gravel. I was dizzy from the exposure, and I felt that the horse's ankle had already been cut by those sharp stone blades.

However, it is strange to watch the tilt of the earth and the haggard and aging step by step from the alpine pastures to the barren land. This is geography, I thought. The mirage ahead is Aydin Lake, the lowest point in the Turpan Basin with an altitude of minus 154 meters. The lake was dried out thousands of years ago, I think. Behind me are the Tianshan Mountains; the icy peaks, springs, and pine forest pastures are all far away from me. All there is is the tilt of the earth; looking left and right, you can see the earth extending diagonally. The jagged rocks and parched soil, along with my mount and myself, were all sloping forward and deeper.

——At that time, I was alone, riding alone for hundreds of miles in all directions, and the guide had returned. In the overly majestic and desolate nature, I felt that I was so small that even my sorrow was in vain.

In this way, we approached Hanjiazhai.

There was just a stick of smoke rising sadly, and I suddenly felt that the so-called "straight smoke in the desert" did not describe a kind of cruelty.

Hanjiazhai is just a few broken mud houses. It is located in the middle of an iron-gray gravel Gobi north of Turpan and south of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang.

The dry mountains without vegetation are like heaps of iron slag, pointing at it in three directions - between the three bare mountains, there are three huge streams of black Gobi, barren of any grass, spreading flatly towards three terrifying distances. Therefore, another place named Sanchakou was marked on the map; this place will always be recalled and savored by me in my future life, and I can never forget it.

As if it was the answer to my life.

When I walked into Hanjiazhai, it was dusk. The sun was still raging, and when the sunlight hit my eyes, I felt pain for a moment. However, the incandescence that was about to end had changed, and there was already a chill in the dazzling daylight before sunset in Hanjiazhai.

There seemed to be several families living in a few broken mud houses.

I don’t know when this place name came into being. Most of the Chinese place names in Xinjiang have a long history. People from the Central Plains have settled here since the Han Dynasty. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, prefectures and counties were established, so that hopeless immigrants from Gansu and Shaanxi moved to this foreign land.

It is truly a foreign land - three vast stretches of vast Gobi Desert stretch as far as the eye can see. In front are the uninhabited saline-alkali lowlands, and in the back are the red stone mountains without vegetation. The Han Village is like a discarded The chess piece, like a rusty bullet, exists alone in this terrifyingly huge nature.

Three directions are like scary hints. I only dared to look around, and no longer dared to move my horse's hooves toward the entrances.

Standing alone in the afternoon sunshine of Hanjiazhai, I saw my own shadow dragging toward the horizon, dark and long.

The flat, iron-colored gravel beach on three sides reflected hot light, like the surface of a tropical sea.

After standing in silence for a long time, I suddenly realized something. Turning around, there was a person staring at me at the door of the two mud houses on the left and right. One is an old man, and the other is a seven or eight-year-old girl.

They stared at me. I guess they haven't seen outsiders for a long time. Both the old and the young were wearing Han costumes; in an instant I understood that this place was indeed called Hanjiazhai.

I thought for a while, pointed to a stretch of Gobi and asked:

——Where does it lead to?

The old man shook his head. The girl stared at me without blinking.

I pointed to another road:

——Where is this road?

The old man only shook his head slightly and then stopped moving. The girl still stared at me without blinking.

After hesitating for a moment, I pointed to the last stretch of the Gobi Desert. The sun was sliding down there, so bright that it was impossible to see. On the horizon, the iron color melts into silver and shines with countless bright spots.

I just pointed, before I opened my mouth, the old immigrant suddenly got into the mud house.

I stood there blankly with my hands raised.

The little girl was motionless. She kept staring at me, not knowing why. The girl was wearing a torn red flower cotton-padded jacket, with dirty black cotton wool exposed on her shoulders. Her eyes were dark and bright - many years later, I always felt that those were my daughter's eyes.

How they survived in that deserted land, what they planted, and what they ate is still a mystery. But this is neither an illusion nor a myth. Hanjiazhai can be found on any good map. According to the travel notes of the envoy Wang Yande in "History of Song Dynasty·Gaochang Biography", there is a saying that "it took another two days to reach Hanjiazhai". A stronghold is a stronghold, and it is a place where people stick to it. From the Song Dynasty to the present, Hanjiazhai has survived for at least a thousand years.

Facing the desperate situation on three sides alone, I thought to myself: There must still be something to eat here, and people must still be able to find a way to survive.

The next afternoon, I left Hanjiazhai and continued towards the Turpan Basin. The earth tilted even more sharply; on the straight slope, hundreds of miles of black gravel gleamed white. Looking back at the Tianshan Mountains, the entire southern foothills have risen, rugged and indescribable. Looking down at Turpan ahead, the outline of an oasis has been vaguely visible in the mirage. Going on the road in such a sad and severe scenery, I felt a sense of determination in my heart.

When I walked down the first slope, I turned around to see Hanjiazhai again. It has been half covered by the undulating Gobi Desert, with only the roof window holes of the mud houses exposed. The speechless old man never appeared again. I waited for a while and finally left with regret.

For thousands of years, people like me cannot fathom how much hardship humans have endured in order to survive. I just vaguely felt people's persistence, and I felt that persistence was as desolate and vast as this scenery.

After passing a turning point - I knew that there would never be a day when I would see Hanjiazhai again - I reined in my horse excitedly. From a distance, I saw a small red figure among the yellow and brown of the pile of mud houses, which was the little girl's tattered red cotton-padded jacket. At that time, the Tianshan Mountains had completely risen in the north, blocking the mainland. The icy peaks and dry valleys contrasted with each other. What stretched towards me like a pour were the tens of thousands of tons of iron and stone from the three-pronged Gobi Desert in Hanjiazhai.

I suppressed the excitement in my heart and continued my long journey. From that day on, I said goodbye to Hanjiazhai forever. From that day on, no matter where I went, I was holding on to something without even realizing it.

I don't know what that is. I just think it fits perfectly with the place name Hanjiazhai. In the United States and Japan, I always stubbornly recall Hanjiazhai, thinking carefully about every detail. The sun-scarred mountains at the southern foot of the Tianshan Mountains are clearly reappeared, as are the slopes of the continent, the white mirage of the Turpan lowlands, and every piece of hot gravel. The indescribable feeling of empty mountains and endless valleys that I experienced when I was in the Gobi Desert in Hanjiazhai filled my heart and chest.

(Selected from "The Deserted Road of Heroes")

"Hanjiazhai" Lesson Plan

Teaching Purpose:

1. Read the text , to understand the desolate and lifeless environmental characteristics of Hanjiazhai.

2. Understand the author’s delicate inner feelings and understand the spirit of “persistence” praised by the author.

3. Feel the author’s unique writing characteristics.

Teaching focus:

1. Master the author’s personalized language and writing characteristics.

2. Grasp the author’s thoughts and feelings revealed in the text.

Teaching difficulties: the role of scene description in the text; the grasp of the author’s thoughts and feelings.

Teaching method: teaching reading

Teaching process:

1. Introduction of new lessons

From "Taoist Tower" we feel What we see is the historical reflection left to the world by the Dunhuang art treasures and the profound cultural atmosphere and spiritual shock it brings to us. Today, let us once again turn our attention to another timeless and novel "art" - the perfect combination of nature and human history. Let us walk into Hanjiazhai - a homeland with the oldest human spirit that has been almost forgotten by human civilization. (Projection shows: teaching objectives) (starting with music)

2. Teaching new lessons

(1) Overall perception

1. Introduction to the topic and author (shown Projection)

Zhang Chengzhi, a young writer and scholar, was born in Beijing in 1948 and originally from Jinan, Shandong. After graduating from Hua Affiliated High School, he joined the team in Wuzhumuqin Banner, Inner Mongolia for 4 years. Began writing in 1978. He is currently a freelance professional writer and a director of the Chinese Writers Association. He has won the first National Short Story Award, the second and third National Outstanding Novella Awards and the National Ethnic Minority Literature Creation Award. Currently, he has published more than 30 kinds of works. His representative works include: novel collection "Zhang Chengzhi Collection", "Clean Spirit", poetry collection "Shenyun's Poems", essay collection "Zhang Chengzhi Works" and "Psychic History". The widely circulated novellas include "The Black Horse", "Spring", "The River of the North" and the novel "Golden Pasture".

2. Clear up new words.

(Projection)

Pleated (zhé) wrinkled (pù) sunbathing (huái) dizzy (yùn) (xuán) overlooking (kàn) chewing (jǔ) (jué) incandescent (chì)

Liuhe: refers to up and down and the four directions of east, west, north and south, and generally refers to the world or the universe.

Stand: stand for a long time. Huiji: to gather.

Zhengrong: tall. Rugged: describes the abrupt and overlapping rocks.

Overlook: Look down, look down from a high place. Determined: Very determined.

3. Students read the full text and talk about their overall feelings about this article.

① Language characteristics: Strong and thin bones, full of spirit, and broad body.

② Environment description: Objective and calm, the description is delicate, and the emotions are reflected in the scenery.

(2) Layer-by-layer analysis, the full text is divided into three parts.

Part One: From the beginning to "Approaching Hanjiazhai". Write about what you saw, heard and felt when you approached Hanjiazhai and along the way.

What you see: The iron-colored Gobi red rocks and scorched earth

What you hear: The monotonous sound of horse hooves

Feelings: "I feel so small that even my sorrow is in vain ".

▲Teacher’s comment: Through the objective description of the natural landscape he saw along the way, the author created a strange visual effect and conveyed to readers a sense of desolation, vastness, boundless loneliness, and generosity. Sad mood. This is the author’s reflection below.

Part Two: From "just a column of smoke..." to "...finding a way to survive." Write down what you see and think when you walk into Hanjiazhai.

What you see: The lonely smoke in the desert: "sad" and "exotic"

The scenery of the black Gobi: "terrible" and "desperate"

The broken mud house: "a few "Time"

The old man: "Weiwei" shook his head motionless and "speechless"

Character Han Chinese clothing

The little girl: "motionless" "staring" Pohong Flower Cotton Jacket

Thinking: "There must be food to be found here, and people must still be able to find a way to survive."

▲The role of environmental description: using a series of The unique and appropriate metaphors of imagination outline the desolate, lonely and ancient environmental characteristics of Hanjiazhai. The author uses the techniques he is good at to outline a rough picture that is inaccessible but seems to contain strong vitality. This is an ingenious combination of the human spirit and nature.

▲The role of character description: The two dull and almost static characters (the old man and the little girl) are the best interpretation of the ancient existence of Hanjiazhai. The loneliness and desolation of Hanjiazhai can be clearly seen from the actions of the characters.

▲Teacher’s comment: A thousand miles away, there are only a few families. In this endless human history, the author seems to have touched a certain potential instinct that supports human reproduction, that is, "persistence."

The third part: from "The next afternoon,..." to the end. Write about the spiritual journey after leaving Hanjiazhai.

Stubbornly recalling Hanjiazhai

“What to hold on to”

Thinking carefully about every detail

▲Teacher’s comments: The author cannot speculate on the mystery of life's survival for thousands of years. He can only vaguely feel the perseverance spirit of human beings. It is this spirit that supports the Han family, our nation, and the endless reproduction of mankind.

3. Writing characteristics

1. Unique language.

The gloomy and solemn language brings a desolate atmosphere to the article. The author uses a series of strange metaphors to describe the novel feelings about the unique landforms at the foot of the Tianshan Mountains, such as: "The traces of wind erosion are like knife cuts. "It is as clear as ever"; "The southern foot of the Tianshan Mountains is a piece of skin that has been burned by the earth"; "The dry mountains without vegetation are like iron slag piles"; "Between the three naked mountains are three huge streams of black Gobi"; "Han "Jiazhai is like a discarded chess piece, like a rusty bullet"; "Three directions are like terrible hints", etc.

2. The changing and intertwined space-time structure.

The first sentence of García Márquez's "One Hundred Years of Solitude" created a special space-time structure: "Many years later, when Colonel Aureliano Buendía stood in front of the execution team, he would definitely think of his father. The distant afternoon when I took him to visit the ice cube. "Using the flashback technique of recalling the past from the perspective of the future, it accommodates the three time levels of future, past and present, and the writer is obviously hiding in the narrative perspective of "now".

This article uses this structure in two places. Paragraph 8: “This place will always be recalled and savored by me over and over again throughout my life, and I can never forget it.” Paragraph 2: “No matter where I went, I was helpless. "Paragraph 28: "Many years later, I always feel that those are my daughter's eyes."

3. Deep reflection on national culture.

From the existence of Hanjiazhai and the living conditions of Hanjiazhai people for thousands of years, the author "faintly felt the perseverance of people", and from this perseverance, he began a deep reflection on national culture: That That is, the spirit of perseverance is in perfect harmony with the Han family and the Han nation, and is in perfect harmony with the national spirit.

4. An expression that embodies emotion and scenery.

The author gradually approached Hanjiazhai and came into close contact with Hanjiazhai. Along the way, what he saw was that the land changed from prosperity to desolation. He wrote about the desolate scenery and expressed the loneliness. love; and then gradually left Hanjiazhai, but could no longer forget Hanjiazhai. Farewell to the sad and severe scenery of Hanjiazhai, but deeply appreciate the perseverance spirit of the people of Hanjiazhai. From beginning to end, the author concentrates his writing power on the description of Hanjiazhai, and the expression of emotions is contained in it, which is a silent expression of moisturizing things.

4. Summary

Through the description of the desolate and lifeless environment of Hanjiazhai, we have a deep understanding of the perseverance spirit of the Hanjiazhai people. It is this spirit that supports them to stay on this land after thousands of years. It is also this spirit that has nurtured our nation and even the entire human race. I believe that each of us has our own "persistence" in our hearts, so let's continue, it will make our lives more valuable.

5. Assign homework

Suppose that many years later, the little girl in the red cotton-padded jacket walked out of this desperate situation for some reason and then returned to Hanjiazhai. Please imagine that The reason why she left, her experience in the outside world, and why she went back? How has your life changed since you returned? Polish your language when describing.