An Introduction to Hainan reveals thousands of aspects of Kang Youwei's life. Sweden bought the island and traveled all over the Arctic.

After the Sino-Japanese War, Kang Youwei became famous for "writing letters on buses". 1June, 898, Kang Youwei was summoned by Emperor Guangxu to start the Reform Movement. Only 100 days later, the reform movement of 1898 failed. Kang Youwei fled to Japan and began his overseas trip.

Kang Youwei's Facebook: Surviving Gourmet

Kang Youwei, formerly known as Kang Zuqi, was born in Danzaosu Village, Nanhai County, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province. Because of the place of birth, it is called Kang Nanhai. Kang Youwei studied Confucian classics since childhood and was influenced by Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties. He came into contact with western culture at 1879. He read Wei Yuan's Atlas and Xu Jishe's Biography of Ying Huan, and constructed his own world view. After the Sino-Japanese War, Kang Youwei made Chen Weixin famous by writing on the bus. 1June, 898, Kang Youwei was summoned by Emperor Guangxu to start the Reform Movement. 1898' s reform movement only lasted 100 days, and then it failed. Kang Youwei fled to Japan and began his overseas trip. From 1898 to 19 13, Kang Youwei went to the Pacific Ocean four times, the Atlantic Ocean nine times and the Indian Ocean eight times, and rowed in the Arctic Ocean for seven days. /kloc-during the period of 0/6, Kang Youwei, as the "immortal Shennong who tasted bitter vegetables", went to the Pacific Ocean four times, the Atlantic Ocean nine times, the Indian Ocean eight times and the Arctic Ocean seven times. He has been to England, France, Italy, Japan, America and Canada.

Later, when Kang Youwei recalled this escape experience, he summarized it as "the eleventh escape":

When I first started a newspaper in Shanghai, Shanghai would be covered up.

Without imperial edict and imperial edict, the emperor will die if he leaves Beijing late.

Rong Lu will die in Beijing.

Without Huang's notice, you will die if you leave Tianjin.

In Zhong Tao's words, if you leave Yantai, you will die.

If there is no China Merchants on board, you will die if you want to save people.

This is a day without wheels in Chongqing, or it will kill you in the future.

Eagle clippers will die for lack of coal.

Unless you go to Jiaozhou, Laiqing Road will die out in Yantai.

If the British don't search Shanghai Road, the British consul will die if he doesn't know. English people will die if they don't save money. These 1 1 people can't save one or two when they die, but it doesn't help. The curve is wonderful? Qu was born, but I was left to wait. China will not perish and the road will not dry up.

For Kang Youwei, he thought about it and felt scared, but his real travel career is worth remembering. Kang Youwei's trip around the world is certainly not sightseeing. He compared himself to Shennong, the immortal in the Preface to the Travels of Eleven European Countries, who traveled around the world and tasted herbs all over the world in search of a "magic doctor" who could cure China.

During Kang Youwei's decades of overseas roaming, food culture is also one of his important contents. Living in India made him deeply feel the decline of Indian civilization behind "India has nothing to eat" and his yearning for Europe and America. Germany, the best in Europe and America, is a successful model he admired. Munich beer tastes excellent and has become a symbol of German civilization. However, although the food in other countries is good, it is only available in China. The view that western food originated from China reflects his yearning for western material civilization and his attachment to China's traditional moral culture.

He often goes to luxury hotels, travels by carriage and car, and often employs translators, servants and chefs. However, Kang Youwei's trip to India was full of complaints. Not only the accommodation is expensive, but also the hotel facilities are outdated. Kang Youwei tried his best to find local restaurants and restaurants, and his appetite was wide open. However, despite the noisy streets and crowded department stores in the Indian city-state, "there are no restaurants, only chickens, eggs and mutton, which kings and gentlemen can't finish." However, first of all, the humble people living in cities eat a lot of food, so they have no food. "。 The rich in Indian upper class live in seclusion, rarely go out to eat, and ordinary untouchables can't enjoy life. So it's hard to find traces of food in india tourism: "Indians don't like it, but there are many sweets. "When the country is in danger, eating is a blessing. How do we talk about food?

1June, 904, Kang Youwei and his party arrived in Germany. He visited Munich, Berlin, Potsdam, Hamburg, Cottbus, Cologne, Aachen and other big cities, and visited the beautiful Rhine. Visit the Krupp Arsenal in Europe and America with the highest technical level; Visiting the Bundestag, the politics is clear and orderly; As you can see, men are heroic and heroic, and women are elegant and polite; Everywhere I go, cultural relics are full of shadows, palaces are magnificent and prosperous. These are full of bullying. Kang Youwei can't help but admire sincerely: "In today's booming European countries, it is best to have military equipment, literature, politics, science and technology, agriculture and commerce as the crown. German beer has long been famous all over the world, especially Munich beer. Kang Youwei claimed not to drink alcohol all his life, but after drinking Munich beer, he drank it every day. After half a month, it's hard to let go. Later, when traveling in the Netherlands, Britain and other places, I felt very lost because I couldn't see the only large glass of German beer in the hotel. He is still thinking about drinking beer hidden by cats. " If you don't drink it, you will lose your throat. "Kang Youwei boasted that he had tasted beer all over the world. Although he exaggerates, he has tasted English whisky and French wine more than once.

Except for the beer that the cat hides, it never forgets. It can be said that the taste in the west is good, and there are many fish and sheep. Although this is not a sweet treat, it will come to the door and accept it gladly. The so-called "food has no definite taste, but its palatability is precious." For example, when he tasted seafood in Stockholm, Sweden, he praised its low price and delicious taste: "There are many foreign bodies in fish and shrimp, some of which are salty and sour, but the price is cheap and the taste is novel and unique, which has never been seen in Europe." Most food aquariums in Europe are fresh eaters, similar to Japan. Doctors can't help it in hygiene, and want to use its cold blood to alleviate it? "Fresh seafood should be top grade. Kang Youwei compared this habit with Japan and thought it was cool and easy to digest. On the other hand, Belgians "like to eat horse meat, cat meat and dog meat", which are sold in specialty stores all over Beijing, which is really shocking. Raw beef in Hungarian sauce tastes better. Kang Youwei complained that French food is world-famous, but it is very expensive. In an ordinary restaurant, a meal for three, steamed Pisces, white bamboo shoots, chicken soup, chicken and tea, and a bottle of red bodhi wine will cost nearly 100 francs. What impressed him was the Turkish diet. " Tu's dishes can be seasoned and chopped, far better than those of Europeans, French, Spanish and Portuguese, no matter what other countries do. "Its meat was cut into pieces. Try it first, it's very Chinese. " . Curry must be added to every meal. Beef, mutton, chicken and duck pasta are all delicious. This is Kang Youwei's highest evaluation of foreign cuisine, probably because the eating habits of Turks are roughly the same as those of China. A comment in the documentary "China on the Tip of the Tongue" may express Kang Youwei's overseas feelings: "There is always a taste. In its unique way, it reminds us with the tip of the tongue three times a day that we know where to go tomorrow and don't forget where we came from yesterday. " At this time, appetite and hometown are unified.

Kang Youwei's Facebook II: An Exiled Industrialist

After the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898, Kang Youwei went into exile overseas, stayed in the most luxurious hotels, ate delicious food, hired local people as tour guides and translators, and took his family with him. Who will provide him with travel and living expenses?

In Canada, Kang Youwei is warmly sought after wherever he goes. At this time, he felt that an organization should be set up to unite overseas Chinese.

1899 On July 20th, Kang Youwei and overseas Chinese leaders Li Fuzhi and Feng founded the Royal Society in Canada. Kang Youwei's daughter Kang Tongbi later recalled that it took a lot of effort to correct the name of the royalist society. At first, they wanted to name this organization "Insurance Chamber of Commerce" because "overseas Chinese are businessmen and insurance business is an insurance bridge". But some people say, "Only by protecting the emperor can we protect the country." Therefore, it was named "royalist society". The full name of the royalist party is "the company that saved the Qing Emperor". Since it is called "company", it shows that it is not only a political organization, but also an economic organization. It is clearly stipulated that all participants must pay 2 yuan's propaganda, communication and newspaper fees, raise funds for mining and set up industrial and commercial enterprises.

1903, Kang Youwei initiated the establishment of a joint-stock company, named China Commercial Company, headquartered in Hongkong, with branches in Guangzhou, Shanghai, Yokohama and San Francisco, and successively set up more than ten enterprises. However, Kang Youwei himself did not devote himself to the specific business operation, but began his three-week trip around the world.

1906 Spring Festival, Kang Youwei visited Mexico and received a grand reception. At that time, Mexico City was raising funds to build trams. Although living in a foreign land, Kang Youwei saw the hidden wealth here. He used donations from overseas Chinese to buy real estate in places where trams passed. Soon, these land prices rose several times, and finally the investment earned hundreds of thousands of silver dollars. Later, Kang Youwei traveled to Canada, Japan and other places. With the help of overseas Chinese, he used donations to raise funds, do business overseas and do real estate business, and accumulated a certain wealth.

Kang you Wei wan mu Cao Tang

Kang Youwei's Facebook III: curator of private museums

Kang Youwei travels around the world and must visit local museums everywhere. The spectacular sight of foreign cultural relics made him feel ashamed: "China is so big that it has been named after civilization for thousands of years, but there is no museum to show people's wisdom." Every time Europeans and Americans ask about our country's museums, they are all washed white, which is no worse than this. "

Kang Youwei deeply felt the unique role of modern public museums in enlightening people's wisdom. During the Reform Movement of 1898, he took running a museum as one of the new policies and got the approval of Emperor Guangxu. During his exile, he bought many precious cultural relics with the eyes of experts, and plans to open a museum after returning home. Therefore, he can be said to be the pioneer of China Modern Museum. In order to wash away this "great shame", Kang Youwei organized museums to publicly display these cultural relics for many times. In his former residence in Qingdao, there are crocodile specimens from Nanyang, a model of Jerusalem Dome Mosque, a pencil case in Bethlehem and a white marble statue of a European hunting boy.

Sui Yongqi, deputy director of Qingdao Museum, said: "During his stay in Qingdao, Kang Youwei publicly displayed his cultural relics at home and abroad for many times, supplemented by written explanations. For a time, Tian Garden was like a private museum, and people came to visit it for no reason. It is Kang Youwei's long-cherished wish to build a China Museum in China. He believes that once the rich remains of thousands of years of civilization in China are effectively combined with the perfect cultural relics protection system, the most brilliant museum in the world can be built. "

Kang Youwei's Facebook No.4: A Traveler Who Escaped the Net.

1904, Kang Youwei also bought an island in Sweden and built a China garden building "Beihai Caotang" on the island. According to Zhao Liren, a researcher at the Guangdong Academy of Social Sciences, Kang Youwei bought it for 28,000 kronor and restored it for 7,999 kronor. "Although the house is not big, it can accommodate about ten people. The furniture and decoration are very luxurious and look very rich. " So far, the remains of the thatched cottage have disappeared and the island has been recovered by the Swedes. However, local overseas Chinese still habitually call this small island "Kang Youwei Island".

1899 In mid-April, Kang Youwei and his party arrived in Victoria, Canada. This ancient country is far away from us. After moving for a period of time, only a native of China came to the dock to meet the waiting, which made Kang Youwei very disappointed. Unexpectedly, this sentence made a phone call to the greetings of overseas Chinese and attracted hundreds of Chinese at once. It turned out that the local Chinese community knew that Kang Youwei was coming to Canada, but because of the inconvenient communication, they didn't know when the ship would arrive in Hong Kong. In order not to miss welcoming Sheng Kang, they specially sent a man to die in the port. Overseas Chinese all over the world welcome Kang Youwei to China Hall. At this time, thousands of people gathered in the hall. After leaving his hometown, Kang Youwei was treated like this by his compatriots thousands of miles away in Canada, and his excitement was beyond words. In the Royal Commission Ordinance, he described:

When salty words spread overseas, don't despise Qi people in other countries. They look at western countries, and they are very sad. Therefore, I was overjoyed to hear the news of the reform. When I heard about the coup, I was worried and worried. I'm worried that no country can go home, be homeless and feel sad.

1On June 22nd, 908, late at night 1 1, Kang Youwei, accompanied by his daughter Kang Tongbi, boarded Naji Island in the Arctic Ocean. At midnight, the sun had set, but suddenly it rose again. Seeing such wonders, Kang wrote a poem: "Climb to the top of some islands in the Norwegian Arctic Ocean with you and watch the sun rise and set in the middle of the night", and wrote down the wonders he saw in the preface.

"On May 24th, at midnight 1 1 point, I rowed and climbed the mountain. I reached the top of the mountain at 12 point and waited until noon. There is a pavilion on the top and drinking on three sides. Depending on the weather, it is slightly lower than dusk and then rises. This is not the night, the scene is amazing. "

Through this preface, Professor Gao, a polar expert who has visited the Arctic, believes that Kang Youwei was the first China man to explore the Arctic. "Kang Youwei went to the North Pole to watch the midnight sun like noon, which is a unique polar extreme phenomenon. The island that Kang Youwei has been to is located in Svalbard in the Arctic. Svalbard is located in the Arctic Circle between 74 degrees north latitude and 8 1 degree north latitude. In his poem, Kang Youwei wrote a feeling of "looking at the sky and seeing the robbery, looking at the magnificent mountains and seas" and sighed in the poem: "Where are you going?" "If you don't see it with your own eyes, it's hard to describe. For a closed country, it is difficult to vividly describe "the aurora at midnight, and the day is like noon." "

1June, 904, Kang Youwei came to London. This is not his first time in London. 1In May, 899, he lobbied in London, hoping to get British support to overthrow Empress Dowager Cixi. On June 23rd, Kang Youwei visited the British Pavilion. This house is located on the Thames and has a history of 600 years. It is rectangular, with four long tables on the left and right, and the speaker is sitting in the middle wearing a wig. Kang Youwei arrived in time, and Congressman Elam made a big speech and asked government officials about postal services. As prime minister, Bako showed no weakness. In the face of criticism, he often stands up and defends. This scene opened Kang Youwei's eyes. The next day, Kang Youwei visited the British Secretary of Commerce. During the conversation, Kang Youwei said that he would learn from the political systems of western countries such as Britain and France and carry out political reforms in China. After listening to Kang's words, the Minister of Commerce made a comment that can still be called insightful today. He said: "Every country has its own education, customs and historical traditions, and cannot copy the politics of other countries. Our British political system is formed through thousands of years of natural accumulation and can never be imitated. Different diseases, one prescription can't cure all diseases. " Kang Youwei benefited a lot from this. He said emotionally in his travel notes, "Those who want to flatter Europe and the United States in today's political reform can't help but think of this."

1904, he came to Naples, Italy. Bypassing the hotels and stations in Naples, Kang Youwei saw dirty and muddy roads and low slums. Turf and horse manure piled up like mountains, and naked women begged along the street. Dozens of begging children followed the car to beg. They chased for more than a mile until the driver waved a whip at them. He once said emotionally:

People who have never been to Europe think that if their land is Qionglou Yuyu, if they are gods and talented people; I'm sure it is dirty. If it's dirty, it's cheating or stealing! Therefore, seeing is believing. I tried to travel to Europe, America and England, but I realized that what I saw was far from my wandering dream when I was studying. I'm disappointed.