"History of the Song Dynasty" Volume 493 Biography 252

◎Barbarians 1

○Barbarians in Xidong, Southwest China

The ancient emperors were diligent and far-sighted, and they had four generations of soldiers, but they just wanted to defend themselves in peace. Weier, it’s not because you want to succeed. The barbarians in the southwest are surrounded by mountains and ridges, mixed with Jing, Chu, Ba, Guizhou, and Wuzhong, and are surrounded by royal lands on all sides. It is because they want to conquer barren land by raising barbaric levies, but it is easy to defeat the crowd and turn them into gangsters. What good is it! Establish their chiefs and make them control themselves. The barbarians will always encounter them. This plan is successful. However, there is no long-term strategy to control it. The nature of the glider is easy to jump off the beam, or it may seek each other out of enmity, or it may be forced by famine. Although they can be eliminated by arrest, the poison to the people of Sri Lanka is deep. The Song Dynasty relied on literature and education and neglected military and military guards, which was not the way of the previous kings to control the wilderness!

All the barbarians in Xidong, southwest China, were all Panhu breeds, and Tang Yu was the main subject. During the Zhou Dynasty, the people became more prosperous, and King Xuan ordered Uncle Fang to attack them. Since Chu Zhuang was hegemonic, he submitted to Chu. Qin Zhao sent Bai Qi to attack Chu, captured the barbarians, and established Qianzhong County, which was changed to Wuling in Han Dynasty. During the Jianwu period of the Later Han Dynasty, there was a large number of Japanese invaders. They sent General Fubo, Ma Yuan, and others to Linyuan to defeat them. His commander was hungry and begged to surrender. Through Jin, Song, Qi, Liang, and Chen, they either rebelled or surrendered. In the Sui Dynasty, Chenzhou was established, and in the Tang Dynasty, Jinzhou, Xizhou, Wuzhou, and Xuzhou were established. During the Tang Dynasty rebellion, the barbarian chiefs divided their territories and appointed themselves governors. In Tianfuzhong of Jin Dynasty, Ma Xifan inherited his father's business and occupied Hunan. At that time, the barbarians gathered together and blocked the rivers by mountains and rivers, with almost more than 100,000 people. At the time of the Zhou Dynasty, he went out to Guanbian and attacked Chen and Yongzhou, killing and plundering people and livestock without a peaceful life.

After Taizu went down to Jing and Lake, he could appease those who understood the barbaric sentiments, were accustomed to dangers and dangers, and were brave and wise. There was Qin Zaixiong, a corvee from Chenzhou, who was seven feet long, strong and resourceful, and when the time came, he often made meritorious deeds in battles, and was defeated by barbarians. Taizu summoned him to the palace, inspected his usefulness, promoted him to be the governor of Chenzhou, appointed his son as a direct official in the palace, and gave him generous gifts. He also appointed his own officials and subordinates, and rented taxes to a state. I am grateful again and swear to serve you to the death. On the day of Zhizhou, we trained soldiers and obtained 3,000 soldiers, all of whom were able to cross rivers with armor, fly over mountains and cut chasms, and be as agile as apes. He also selected 20 people from his own school to be sent to various barbarians to spread the message to the imperial court. Everyone followed the trend and everyone had to come down to hear about it. Taizu was overjoyed and summoned him back to Que. He was rewarded and encouraged, and he was appointed as the training envoy of the Chenzhou regiment. Wang Yun, his disciple, became the official of Chenzhou. No matter how powerful the border is, the five states cover thousands of miles without adding a single soldier or spending any money. By the end of the Taizu's lifetime, the border will be free of trouble. Peng Shichou, the governor of Xizhou, and others returned Xi, Jin, and Zhanzhou to the Ma family and erected bronze pillars as boundaries.

In the fourth year of Jianlong's reign, Peng Yunlin of Zhixi Prefecture and Tian Hongyun, the former governor of Xizhou, submitted to him. Yunlin was appointed governor of Xizhou and Hong Yun was appointed governor of Wanzhou. Yun Lin died and his son, Jiao Dai, became the governor. In April, Lin Baoyi, the lord of Shuidou, visited the two states of Chen and Xu.

In April of the second year of Qiande, the people of Xi, Xu, Zhong and other prefectures attacked and robbed each other. In July of the third year, Tian Jing, the governor of Zhenzhou, moved inside. Tian Chuchong, the training envoy of Wuxi regiment and the governor of Qiazhou, said: "Ma Xifan, the governor of Hunan Province, established Tanyang County in Xuzhou as Yizhou, and his uncle Wan Ying was appointed governor. Xifan died, and his younger brother Xie took the throne and changed it to Qiazhou is willing to regain its old name. "The imperial edict follows his request. In December, it was ordered that Xi Prefecture should serve as the training envoy of Wuxi Regiment and engrave it as a gift. In the fourth year, Nanzhou moved to Tonggu, and Tian Siqian, the governor of Xiaxizhou, also paid tribute with bronze drums, tiger skins, and musk navels. In the winter of the fifth year, Xizhou Regiment Commander Peng Yunzu was appointed as the commander of Puzhou Prison City, Xizhou Rebel Commander Peng Yunxian was appointed as the commander of Weizhou Prison City, and Zhenzhou Military Officer Tian Sixiao was appointed as the commander of Bozhou Prison City. make. Yunzu and other Xidong chieftains occupied the mountain dangers and held both ends, so they were placed in the interior because they entered the dynasty.

In the first year of Kaibao, Tian Jingqian, the governor of Zhenzhou, said that the state was suffering from disasters year after year, so he begged to change it to Gaozhou and follow it. In the eighth year, Jing Qian died, and his son Yan Yi, the envoy of the Yamen Command, came to ask for orders and was appointed as the governor. In the ninth year, Tian Chuda, the governor of Xianzhou, paid tribute with cinnabar and quartz.

In the second year of Taiping's rejuvenation of the country, Tian Hanqiong, the governor of Yizhou and the training envoy of Wuxi Dujun, came to pay tribute with 12 people including his son, brother, husband, general, and Tian Handu, the commanding envoy of Wuxi Army. , issued an edict and added an inspector to reward him. Three years later, Yizhou barbarian Ren Langzheng and others came to pay tribute. In the seventh year, the imperial edict was issued to Chenzhou not to move the copper pillars cast by the Ma family within the ministry. Peng Yunshu, the governor of Xizhou, said: "In the past three years, the governor of Xizhou was changed by the state. I hope the court will prohibit it." He was given an edict to appease him. In the eighth year, the prime ministers of the four prefectures of Jin, Xi, Xu, and Fu went to Chenzhou, promising to reduce the tax revenue from Nei County. The chief official was ordered to inspect the rumors and popular sentiments and read them based on the pictures of mountains and rivers, but refused to do so. Tian Hanqiong, the governor of Yizhou, and Tian Hanxi, the governor of Jinzhou, expressed their willingness to exchange their lands and follow them. He also appointed Shu Deyun of Zhixu Prefecture as the governor.

In the first year of Yongxi's reign, in southern Guizhou, there was news about the disease of barbarians in Xidong. Bronze drums and sand gongs were played to worship gods and ghosts, and the imperial edict was issued to release the copper ban.

In the second year of Chunhua, Tian Hanquan of Huangzhou was informed, and Su Zhong, a Buyi native in charge of Shajing, received a button from the ancient Huangzhou seal and presented it to him. Because of the request, Han Quan was appointed as the governor of Huangzhou. In addition, the Wuxi Prefecture Commander-in-Chief and the Hezhou Governor asked Tonghan to serve as the Fuzhou Governor, and they were invited to follow him. That year, the Jinghu transshipment envoy said that Fuzhou Xiangwantong killed seven skin masters, father and son, and took the five treasures and their heads to sacrifice to the devil. The imperial court was so far-flung that people asked not to ask. Three years later, Chaozhou governor Tian Hanquan and Jinzhou governor Tian Baoquan sent envoys to pay tribute. In the fifth year, Shu Deyan was appointed as the governor of Yuanzhou. The Zhou, Huang, Xu, Yi, Yuan, Jin, Fei, Fu and other prefectures all came to pay tribute, and the emperor personally inspected the utensils and coins to bestow them.

In the first year of Daodao, Gaozhou and Xizhou came to pay tribute. In the second year, the emperor personally offered sacrifices to the southern suburbs, and the governor of Fuzhou reported to Tonghan: "The saint's sacrifices in the suburbs have brought blessings to the world. In addition, the Wuxi states are connected to ten caves and control the land of the barbarians in the southwest. But Chenzhou has been the center of Chenzhou since ancient times. The walls of the state protect the five cities of Chenzhou, so that the king and his people can live in peace. Situ was granted the title of Marquis of Hanoi County.

In the first year of Xianping, Tong Han also asked for a rent and tax. Two vessels of hibiscus and cinnabar, ten horses, and one thousand taels of mercury were presented as gifts. In the second year, Peng Yunshu, the governor of Xizhou, became the governor of Youqianniuwei General, and his nephew Wenyong was appointed governor. In the third year, Tian Yanyi, the governor of Gaozhou, sent his son to pay tribute and weapons. In the fourth year, his chief Xiang Junmeng sent his younger brother Jun Tai to pay tribute to him.

In the first month of the fifth year, Tianci Prefecture Man Xiang Yongfeng and other twenty-nine people came to court. Ding Wei, the transfer envoy of Kuizhou Road, said: "Xi Man's entry into the grain border border stockade has stopped the disadvantages of paying wages to Shi and other prefectures." I observe that since the past when we were at the border with Rong, no one from outside the country has transferred food to me to garrison our troops. "First, the barbarians were harassing them. They summoned Hou Tingshang, the inspection envoy, to ask. Tingshang said, "The barbarians have no other desire but salt." "Shang said: "What ordinary people want, why not give it to them?" It was an edict, Ding said, that if the news was announced to Zou Luo, the barbarians would be happy, because they agreed to the covenant and would not be bandits. Those who broke the covenant would be killed by the crowd. . And he said: "The emperor gives me salt, and I am willing to give it to the soldiers." "Since the Bian Valley has three years of accumulation. In July, Gaozhou governor Tian Yanyizi Chengbao and other 122 people came to the court. They were given turbans, clothes, utensils and coins, and Chengbao was appointed as the envoy of mountains and rivers and the capital of Jiuxi Shidong.

In April of the sixth year, Ding Wei and others said that Gaozhou rebel leader Tian Chengjin and others captured more than 660 barbarians and captured more than 400 people in Hankou. When the army was in chaos, the deputies feared that it would end up in the Jiangxia Gorge, so they gathered the powerful sons of Shi, Qian, Gao, and Xi to defend it. The barbarians were familiar with the Han route and the invaders returned. Since some barbarians broke the contract, they sent Chengjin to lead the troops and Fazhou soldiers to capture them and burn their houses to frighten them. They said that they set up Jianmu stronghold to control the state boundary, and then the bandits began to stop. The people in Xidong were allowed to farm. In July, the rebel commander Tian Yanqiang and Fangyu commander Tian Chenghai came to pay tribute, and more than 30 people including Shizhou rebel Tan Zhongtong came back.

In the first year of Jingde. In the following year, Tian Wenshan, the commander of the rebel army of five surnames in Gaozhou, sent an envoy to Tanzhou to pay tribute to Tonghan. He was ordered to have his teeth repaired for the first time. At that time, the barbarians of Chenzhou captured Xizhou, and their governor Peng Ru was beaten away. Since Chen's mother was old, she wished to be favored and was given a special edict to increase the city's status. In December, on the road to the north of Jinghu, Peng Wenwan, the envoy of the Xidong regiment, returned the fifty people who had first fallen into Hankou. Wenwan was ordered to inspect the prince's guests and learn about Pengzhou. In that year, Tian Hanxi, the governor of Yizhou, appointed his son Han as the governor. In the third year, eighty-nine new barbarian chiefs from Gaozhou came to pay tribute to Tonghan. Peng Wenqing, the governor of Xizhou, led the Xidong barbarians to pay tribute. In May of the fourth year, Tian Yanyizi Chengbao, the governor of Gaozhou, was appointed as Ningwulang general. General Hualang. In that year, the army in Yizhou was in chaos. The imperial court was afraid that Yi and Rongxidong would be invaded by chance, so they all obeyed the imperial edict and some ethnic groups did not dare to move.

Dazhong. In the first year of Xiangfu, five regiments of barbarians gathered in Kuizhou and planned to rob Gaozhou. They wanted to make the barbarians attack each other and were not allowed to send troops in March. In August, in Qianzhou, Gong Xingman, the leader of the Mocha and Luopu barbarians, led 2,300 people to surrender. In October, the barbarians in Xidong offered gifts. Tarzan.

In the third year, Lizhou announced that the barbarians in Cili County were hostile to each other, and Liu Renba, the governor of the state, asked him to lead his troops to deal with it. The superior was afraid of going deep into the barbarian territory, making them suspicious and fearful, so he ordered Renba to declare the imperial edict, and everyone was convinced. In the fourth year, 373 people including Tian Chengxiao, the barbarian chieftain of An, Yuan, Shun, Nan, Yongning, and Zhuoshui prefectures, came to pay tribute. In the fifth year, he issued an edict: "Yesterday, the Xidong barbarians returned and robbed Hankou and fifty people. They were specially assigned to pay tribute. If they heard that this was a great opportunity, they would often plunder the border people to make up for their numbers. Be careful and observe them wherever they are." During that year, 1,500 people from Kui Man begged for tribute, but they were not allowed to do so because of the cost of their labor. He also issued an edict: Man in Shizhou River would be rewarded with wine and food at the end of the month. In the leap tenth month, Wuxi barbarians paid tribute to Guisheng and Mocha and Luopu barbarians. In the sixth year, Kuizhou barbarians Peng Yanxian, Gong Caihuang and others came to pay tribute. Wei Jinwu, the commander of Xidongdu in Chenzhou, led hundreds of mountain corvees to invade the city. The imperial court did not want to send troops to attack the city, so it issued an edict. In the seventh year, he went to the martial arts official to plead guilty, and he was assigned to the third class on loan. He was in charge of the state tax and was still given money. In the eighth year, the imperial edict granted Peng Wenwan of Pengzhou a brocade robe.

In the first year of Tianxi, Xizhou was harassed by barbarians and sent troops to fight against it. In the second year, Li Shouyuan, the inspection envoy of the capital of Chenzhou, led his troops into the Baiwu Regiment, captured fifteen barbarian bandits, beheaded hundreds of people, and demoted more than two hundred of their chiefs. Qian Jiang and others from Zhichenzhou entered Xiaxizhou, broke down the fence of the village, killed more than 60 barbarians, and surrendered more than a thousand old and young. Peng Ru, the governor, suddenly died in the mountains and forests, and took his son, officials, and others to the palace. He ordered the barbarians of Gaozhou to capture the Confucians and offer them generous rewards. In that year, Ru Meng appealed for his return because Yanyan, a man from Shunzhou, went to Zhuangben Road. The transshipment envoy heard about it, took pity on him, and granted him an acquittal. Confucian Meng then presented the captured people, weapons and armor, and ordered Chenzhou general magistrate Liu Zhongxiang to summon Liu Zhongxiang to Mingtan, make an alliance with Xue Xue, and send him away. In the imperial edict, officials and Han officials were designated as palace officials, and Confucian tyrants and Confucian scholars were appointed as temporary officials, and they were given crowns, belts, and silk ribbons. Fuzhou governor Xiang Tonghan led his troops to pay tribute to famous horses, cinnabar, silver-clad swords, douchi, colorful cards and other items. The imperial edict granted him clothes, a gold belt, a saddle and a horse, and his son had different utensils and coins below his luster. After more than a month, Tonghan submitted the "Geographic Map of Five Streams", wishing to stay in the capital and submit it to Jiamei. He was specially awarded the title of Taifu of Tonghan Inspector and the Defense Envoy of this Prefecture. He was also given territory and signed the titles of his son Guang Guang and other three classes. Tong Han once again expressed his desire to stay in the capital, but he was not allowed to do so. Instead, he asked Guangzhi and others to come to the mainland prison, and asked him to be given clothes every year. He hoped that the envoy would go to his duty and follow him. After he resigned, he was given clothes and a gold belt. In the third year, Tong Han died, and his son Guangxian knew the affairs of the state. Later, Guangzhuang was not tolerated by his relatives. He went up to the surface to accept the soil, and checked his intentions and refused. In the fourth year, Zhiguzhou sent an envoy to Dingzhou to set up a monk's house in Guangpu to wish the saint a long life.

In the early days, the largest barbarian chieftain in Beijiang was called Peng. There was Xizhou in the world. There were three states, namely Shang, Zhong and Xiaxi. There were also Longci, Tianci, Zhongshun, Baojing, Gaoyao and Yongshun. There are six prefectures, Yi, An, Yuan, Xin, Gei, Fu, Lai, Ning, Nan, Shun and Gaozhou eleven, a total of twenty prefectures, all of which have governors. And the following Xizhou governor and capital swore the lord, and all nineteen states were subordinate to Yan, which was called the oath. The generals of the state will inherit, and they will all swear to lead the group of chiefs to discuss it. If the descendants are brothers, nephews, and close party members, they will move to Chenzhou with the name of the state as a guarantee. After hearing the news, they will be given an edict, a seal, and receive orders. The person looked across the river to the north and said thank you. The state has deputy envoys and school officials who are responsible for the case, and they can be replaced at their own discretion.

Peng's family became governor of Xiaxi Prefecture successively from Yunshu, Wenyong and Rumeng, and became an official in Han Dynasty. He stayed in Xijing and often escaped back home. At the beginning of Tiansheng, he petitioned Bai Chenzhou, saying that his father and brother were dead and had returned to their own way, and he was willing to release his family members. He was ordered to move his family to the capital and give up his official position. Not long after, Confucianism fiercely said that the officials and Han people had fled back, leading the barbarians to chaos, and sent other officials to kill them. The imperial court commended him for his loyalty and issued edicts and commendations. At that time, Confucian Meng was appointed as the inspector of the school, right pushe, and moved to the left pushe. He also offered wine to the prince of the state who was inspecting the school as an official, and knew Rongzhou, and also gave him 300 catties of salt and 30 pieces of color. There was a Wenwan member of the Peng family who knew Zhongpengzhou, which was Zhongshunzhou. In the third year, Ru fiercely attacked and killed Wenwan. His son Rusuo returned with ninety-two people in his party. He supplemented Rusuo and restored the state's military envoys, with the remaining officials as gifts. In the fifth year, Confucian Meng died, and the official offered a famous horse. He ordered the horse to be returned, ordered him to go to Xizhou, and gave him a robe and belt. In the seventh year, he used his younger brother as an official to pay tribute to Fangwu. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Shi Duan died, and Shi Xi was appointed governor. From Yunshu to Shixi for the fifth generation.

Shi Xi had a son, Shi Bao, and Jing You knew Zhongshun Prefecture. In the fourth year of Qingli, he was punished for his crimes and his tribute was cut off. Since Xianping, twenty states have begun to pay tribute, and they are given regular gifts every year. The barbarians think it is beneficial, and those who are guilty will be exterminated. Later, Shi Baoshu filed a private prosecution and asked Shangxi Prefecture. In the second year of Huangyou's reign, he began to accept his request and paid tribute as before. Then Shibao's wife was taken away by Shixi, and Shibao became angry. In the second year of Zhihe, his son Zhilongcizhou Shidang and his entire family went to Chenzhou to accuse his father of his evil deeds. He also said that Shixi tried to kill thirteen generals of the state and seized his talisman, and he also had the land and paid tribute to it. He was bestowed upon him, and he named himself King Ruyi. He appointed additional officials, which would lead to chaos. So Song Shouxin of Chenzhou, together with the general judge Jia Shixiong and the transshipment envoy Li Suzhi, jointly led thousands of troops to conduct an in-depth crusade, with Shi Bao as the leader of the village.

When the soldiers arrived, the official Xi Dun escaped into his cave, which was unreachable, and captured his children and bronze pillars. Sixteen or seventeen of the officers and soldiers died in the battle, and all the trustworthy and others were demoted.

Of course, the barbarian beasts are counted into the bandit's money, but the border officials cannot control it. The court lady wanted to have nothing to do, so she sent an official to issue an edict, promising to correct her mistakes and return home, and cut off the tribute from five or seven states to pay annual gifts. At first he refused to listen, but later he sent Li Shen, the deputy envoy of the third division, Dou Shunqing, the deputy envoy of Wensi, Zhu Chuyue, the imperial censor, and Wang Chuo, the transshipment envoy, to send troops to come and summon them. However, Shi Xi was Chen Ben and had no objection. He had the title of heir and supplementary official affiliation. This was because people from far away did not know Chinese etiquette and justice. Shouxin and others credulously believe in Shibao's accusations and are good at killing innocent people. They are willing to use the old land of twenty states to pay tribute to their subordinates. The imperial court also sent Mr. Lei Jianfu, the chief minister in the palace, to look at it. In the second year of Jiayou's reign, Shi Xi Nai returned to his plundered army of 51 soldiers and 1,890 armors. He led 700 barbarians to surrender after drinking their blood. Chenzhou also returned his children and bronze pillars. At that time, Shibao was dead, so he sent his master party back to Zhilongcizhou, and warned not to kill him.