Application of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory in hotel management

Application of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory in hotel management

Management refers to the activity process in which managers in a certain organization coordinate other people's activities by implementing the functions of planning, organizing, leading, coordinating and controlling, so that others can achieve the established goals together with themselves. Let's briefly analyze the application of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory in hotel management. Welcome to read the collection.

Application of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory in hotel management 1 Abstract Maslow's theory divides needs into five categories: physiological needs, security needs, belonging and love needs, respect needs and self-realization needs, which are arranged from low level to high level. It is very important to apply Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory to hotel management.

Keywords hierarchy of needs hotel management application

The basic content of 1 Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory

1. 1 the origin of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory

1943, American psychologist Maslow published the theory of human motivation. In this book, Maslow put forward the famous hierarchy theory of human needs. In his view, people's needs have a development level from low to high. Low-level needs are physiological needs, while upward needs are security, love and belonging, respect and self-realization. Self-realization refers to the full play of creative potential, and the pursuit of self-realization is the highest motivation of human beings.

1.2 Basic assumptions of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory

(1) The satisfied demand is no longer an incentive. People are always trying to meet a certain demand. Once a demand is met, there will be another demand to replace it. (2) The demand structure of most people is very complicated, and there are many demands that affect behavior at any time. (3) Generally speaking, only when the lower-level needs are met, the higher-level needs will have enough vitality to drive behavior. (4) There are more ways to meet higher-level needs than lower-level needs.

2. Shortcomings in current hotel management

2. 1 Imperfect demand incentive mechanism

For the material aspect, the nature of the hotel's work determines that the salary level and welfare level of hotel employees are not high. Long working hours, high labor intensity and boring spare time can easily dampen the enthusiasm of employees. Grass-roots employees directly provide services to customers, and long-term dissatisfaction will affect employees' service attitude to customers, and then affect customers' satisfaction with hotels. To improve the enthusiasm of employees, it is necessary to strengthen material incentives for employees.

2.2 The incentive demand and restraint mechanism are separated.

Motivation is a double-edged sword. Some hotel managers only talk about rewards and constraints, which is a wrong practice. Reward and punishment are two basic incentives. For the expected behavior, the hotel will strengthen it with rewards; For bad behavior, we should use punishment to restrain it. An effective incentive mechanism should be a complete incentive system in which incentives and constraints complement each other. Only in this way can we give full play to everyone's potential ability, let everyone feel the pressure from internal competition and market competition every day, and turn the pressure into the driving force of competition.

2.3 lack of professional sense of belonging

Modern hotels have entered the era of people-oriented management, and the relationship between hotels and individuals has changed from "contract" to "Covenant", and hotels and individuals have formed the same interests, that is, they have the same value orientation. The occupational stability of employees has its unique features in creating a harmonious atmosphere, cultivating team spirit and enhancing hotel cohesion. All kinds of social activities of employees in the process of work will eventually turn into a sense of belonging to the hotel. This sense of belonging not only makes it easier for employees to work, but also plays a great role in improving their loyalty.

3 Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory in hotel management application measures

3. 1 change the management concept and implement the people-oriented thought.

People are the most active and active factor among the factors of productivity, the most precious resource and wealth of hotels, and the key to the success or failure of hotel management and service. The ownership and management of human resources has become the focus of competition among hotels. Only by taking the lead in talents and having first-class human resources can we maintain the advanced nature of all work. The core of people-oriented management is to stimulate and mobilize people's enthusiasm, initiative and creativity, so as to realize the common development of people and organizations. In hotel management, the operation of incentive mechanism should ultimately be carried out by mobilizing the enthusiasm of hotel employees. Implementing humanistic management is the guiding ideology and inevitable choice to improve the incentive mechanism of hotel management.

3.2 Strengthen life safety and improve employees' basic happiness index.

Higher wages, certain working hours, better working conditions, housing subsidies, medical care and old-age insurance, and certain participation rights can be said to be the most basic needs that modern hotel employees need to meet as human beings, as well as the needs of biological functions. If these needs are not met, employees will not be able to start their normal work. Stable work, safe working environment, less uncertainty about the future, and higher protection for personal and property safety at work.

3.3 Actively cultivate a good atmosphere to meet the needs of employees' communication and respect.

Communication needs are the needs of friendship and team belonging among hotel colleagues. Hotel employees are social workers, and their work and life are not carried out in an isolated and closed state. After the physiological needs and safety needs are met, the communication needs will appear. For example, it is expected that the hotel can properly carry out group activities to enhance understanding among colleagues, such as cultural performances, sports competitions and symposiums. The establishment of informal cultural and sports activity groups can not only enhance the friendship and emotional exchange between hotel employees with similar hobbies, but also enrich the leisure life of hotel employees.

3.4 Strive to create an opportunity platform to meet the needs of employees for self-realization.

On the premise of meeting the first four needs, hotel employees will have a strong desire to grow into talents. Hotels should provide them with challenging development opportunities, give full play to their potential, carefully guide and arrange the development of these employees, and make a comprehensive evaluation from the aspects of work ability, career orientation, values and hobbies, so that employees can understand themselves and determine their career development goals. Hotels should create a good learning atmosphere for the growth of employees, make plans for continuing education and even lifelong education for employees, run education and training throughout the entire career of hotel employees, make them constantly update their knowledge structure at work, and strive to make their personal development consistent with organizational goals.

refer to

[1] Meng Xiaocui,,, Tian. Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory and hotel human resource management [J]. Cooperative Economy and Technology, 20 10/0,06: 42-43.

[2] Liu Lili. Analysis of employee welfare management based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory [J]. China Science and Technology Information, 20 10/0,07:160-162.

[3] Zhang Zhihua. Looking at the post-80s and 90s employee management from Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory [J]. Scientific Consultation (Science and Technology Management), 20 1 10, 10: 52-53.

Application of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory in hotel management (I) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory and Marx's three-stage theory of social development

Maslow, the "father of humanistic psychology", believes that man is an animal that constantly meets his own needs, and few people reach a state of complete satisfaction except for a short time. Just after one desire is satisfied, another desire will often arise quickly, which is a characteristic throughout one's life. According to Maslow's view, human needs are divided into five levels according to their strengths or strengths: physiological needs, security needs, belonging and love needs, respect needs and self-realization needs.

In Marx's view, to understand people's problems, we should analyze the essence of people and their social life from their practical activities, production and labor practices, and think that the first historical activity of people's existence is the practical activity of producing material life itself, "social life is practical in essence" and "the essence of people is not an abstract thing inherent in a single person, but actually the sum of all social relations". On this basis, Marx scientifically explained that man is the main body of society, and social and historical activities are the result of man's objectification practice and the historical process of man's continuous improvement and development in practice. In this sense, the development of human society is the development of people themselves. According to the different modes of production of material materials in human society, Marx put forward that there are three forms of human existence: the form of "human dependence" adapted to the form of natural economy, the form of "human independence based on material dependence" adapted to the form of market economy, and the all-round development form of "individual's all-round development and his social production capacity become his free personality of social wealth".

(B) Comparative analysis of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory and Marx's three-stage theory of social development.

1. Similarities between them

(1) Both of them regard human physiological needs as the most basic needs.

Marx thought: "We should first determine the first premise of all human existence, that is, the first premise of all history. This premise is that people must be able to live in order to' create history'. But in order to live, you need clothes, food, shelter and other things first. Therefore, the first historical activity is to produce materials that meet these needs, that is, to produce material life itself. At the same time, this is also a historical activity that people must carry out every day and every hour just to survive (now as it was thousands of years ago), that is, a basic condition of all history. " The first premise of any human history is the existence of living individuals. If a person has no life, then he does not exist, so people's right to life and survival is the most basic right. In Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, people's physiological needs are put in the first place, followed by security needs, which are the guarantee of people's right to life and survival. When these two needs are not met, people will ignore or push other needs to the back.

(2) Both pay attention to human sociality.

Man is the existence of society. As a person, he must live in society. Society gathers everyone's strength and allows individuals to complete activities that cannot be completed by themselves. Society and country are the products of people's mutual activities and interactions. Man is conscious, and his consciousness is mainly manifested in his purposeful activities, which meet his own needs. It is precisely because people are conscious that individuals will realize the importance of society and must live in society in order to exist as social people. Marx pointed out: "Man is different from all other animals in that his needs are infinite and extensive." Moreover, people's needs are endless, and so is the development and progress of people's intelligence. Maslow pointed out that when people's physiological needs and security needs are met, there is a need for belonging, love and respect. The realization of these two needs depends on the acceptance and recognition of others, which requires people to live in a society, including family, unit, nation and country.

(3) The highest demand levels of the two-self-realization and all-round development of human beings-are very similar.

"A social form with everyone's all-round free development as the basic principle" is the highest and ultimate goal pursued by Marxists. After experiencing the two forms of "human dependence" and "material dependence", human beings have greatly improved their productivity, greatly enriched their social wealth, and started to step into society. At this time, the ideal of people's all-round development can be realized. Engels pointed out: "The objective dissident forces that have always ruled history are now under people's own control. Only in this way can people create their own history completely consciously; Only then can the social reasons that people make it work achieve their expected results in major aspects and increasing degrees. This is a leap from the realm of necessity to the realm of freedom. " This is the same as Maslow's demand for human self-realization. After people's physiological needs, security needs, belonging and love needs and respect needs are met, the demand for self-realization becomes very strong. Therefore, people's production and life will further promote the continuous development of society around this demand, so as to realize the realization of the free kingdom-that is, the realization of society. At that time, people's physical strength, intelligence, sensibility, aesthetic ability, creativity, etc. were fully developed, and people became more and more progressive and perfect, and their full potential was fully exerted, showing a harmonious development of man, nature and society. (4) Both of them think that people's demand level develops from low to high.

Marx thought: "The second fact is that the first need that has been met itself, the activities that meet the needs and the tools that have been obtained to meet the needs have caused new needs." The new demand here is a higher level demand beyond the most basic physiological demand, that is, social demand and spiritual demand. Maslow's hierarchy theory of human needs divides human needs into five levels: physiological needs, security needs, belonging and love needs, respect needs and self-realization needs. This is the famous Maslow's ladder structure of needs, or pyramid structure. (5) Both of them believe that all levels of demand coexist at the same time, and oppose the mechanization of demand level order.

Both Marx and Maslow believe that people did not fully meet the low-level needs before the higher-level needs appeared. However, after the low-level demand is met, the higher-level demand occupies a dominant and dominant position in the human demand level, and the low-level demand has not disappeared, but has changed from the original dominant and dominant position to a subordinate position.

At the same time, both of them are opposed to mechanically understanding the hierarchical order of requirements. Marx believes that man is social and history is concrete. Due to the constraints of objective natural and social environment, the development of individual needs will inevitably show differences, and it is not surprising that the order of needs has changed. At the same time, human behavior is not only influenced by demand, but also dominated by beliefs, values and ideals. For example, the proletariat pursues the liberation of all mankind at the expense of the most basic needs (including life). Maslow also pointed out that it is necessary to handle the relationship between general and special. He said: "So far, what we are talking about seems to be a fixed order, but in fact it is not as rigid as we thought. It is true that most people regard these basic needs as basically following the order we pointed out, but there are many exceptions. " He cited seven exceptional cases and analyzed the reasons for the change of hierarchical order, including the influence of beliefs, lofty social ideals and social values on people's behavior.

2. The difference between the two

(1) They study requirements from different angles.

Marx studied human needs from the perspective of historical materialism. Marx and Engels believe that the starting point of the historical view must be composed of three elements, one is production, the other is need, and the third is human reproduction. It can be seen that Marx and Engels took demand as the starting point of social history. Marx and Engels founded historical materialism on the basis of paying attention to and analyzing people's material life and material production activities, and realized the fundamental change of historical view.

Maslow studies human needs from the perspective of psychology. His demand theory exists as the "third trend of thought" in the history of psychological theory. He started with the study of human behavior motivation and human needs, that is, "instinctive" needs, aiming at constructing the dynamic structure of human behavior and exploring the inherent law of human demand development. Therefore, compared with Marx's demand theory, Maslow's demand theory is more subtle, concrete and humanized.

(2) The methods of learning demand theory are also different.

Marx's research on the theory of human needs is from the perspective of human beings, that is, people are regarded as a class, a group and a whole system of society. He first investigated the development process of human demand as a whole system, and thought that human demand developed from low level to high level with the continuous improvement of human productivity. Demand leads to production, and production meets demand and leads to new demand, which in turn pushes production forward. Production is inseparable from demand. Without demand, production loses its purpose and significance. With the continuous development of production, people's needs will go through three stages: survival, enjoyment and development. Although these three needs exist in every society, their dominant position is constantly shifting from low to high with the development of society. Maslow's theory of human needs is studied from the perspective of individuals. He believes that psychology in a broader sense should be based on the study of self-fulfilling people, that is, the study of a small group of people who are constantly developing. These people are models of mankind. They are mentally sound and can fully develop and utilize their talents, abilities and potentials. They have the most basic needs, but when they fully enjoy these needs, they constantly pursue higher-level needs. Maslow established his demand theory from the general and universal level of human needs.

(3) The class basis of the two theories is different.

Marx's demand theory is a part of the proletarian world outlook. He believes that human value should include two aspects: on the one hand, it is the intrinsic value of human beings, that is, the value that individuals obtain from society to meet their own needs; On the other hand, it is the external value of people, that is, the individual's responsibility and contribution to society. These two aspects complement each other. While taking responsibility and making contributions to society, people also realize their basic needs.

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