How to get to the Ming Tombs

Traffic Guide of the Ming Tombs: Aviation

Beijing Capital International Airport is located in Shunyi District, northeast of Beijing, about 30 kilometers away from the urban area. Capital Airport is the first airport in China with three terminals, three runways and two towers. Among them, Terminal 3 is the largest single terminal in the world and the first Olympic non-competition venue put into operation.

Taxi: The starting price of taxis operated by Capital Airport is 10 yuan/3km, and then 2 yuan/km. After driving 15km, 50% idle driving fee will be charged for every kilometer. It takes about 80 yuan to get to the airport by taxi from downtown.

Airport bus: Line 2, Line 3, Line 4 15 minutes, and other lines run every 30 minutes. Tickets are available at the airport and all stations in the city. The fare is 16 yuan.

Airport Line 1: Capital Airport-Fangzhuang (Gui You Building), passing through Liangmaqiao, Baijiazhuang, Dabeiyao (Guomao), Panjiayuan and He Shili (Jing Rui Building), with the first bus at 6:00 and the last bus at19: 30; Fangzhuang-Capital Airport, passing through Dabeiyao

(China Southern Airlines Hotel), the first bus leaves at 7:30 and the last bus leaves at 22:30.

Airport Line 2: Capital Airport-Xidan (Civil Aviation Business Building), passing Sanyuanqiao, Dongzhimen and Dongsishitiao Bridge, with the first bus at 7:00 and the last bus ending on the same day; Xidan-Capital Airport, passing through Dongzhimen (50 meters east of the bridge), with the first bus at 5:30 and the last bus at 2 1:00.

Airport Line 3: Capital Airport-Beijing Railway Station, passing through Yuyang Hotel, Dongdaqiao (no stop after 22:30), Chaoyangmen and Yabao Road, with the first bus at 7:30 and the last bus ending on the same day; Beijing Railway Station-Capital Airport, passing through International Hotel (West Gate), Dongzhimen (50 meters east of the bridge) and Jingxin Building (West Gate), with the first bus at 5:30 and the last bus at 2 1:00.

Airport Line 4: Capital Airport-Gongzhufen (Xinxing Hotel), passing through the International Exhibition Center, Xibahe, Anzhen Bridge, Madian Bridge, Beitaizhuang, Jimen Bridge, Friendship Hotel, Beijing TV Station and Zizhu Bridge, with the first bus at 7:00 and the last bus at 23: 00; Gongzhufen-Capital Airport, passing through Friendship Hotel (North Gate Air Ticket Office), North Taiping Zhuang, Anzhen Building and Space Bridge, the first bus is at 5:30, and the last bus is at 2 1:00.

Airport Line 5: Capital Airport-Zhongguancun (Bridge 4), passing through Wangjing (Huajiadi), Xiaoying, Asian Games Village (Anhui Bridge) and Ponte dell'Accademia, with the first bus at 8:30 and the last bus at 21:30; Zhongguancun-Capital Airport, passing Beihang University (North Gate), Huixin West Street (Anhui Building) and Huixin East Street (China Petrochemical Group), the first bus is at 6:00, and the last bus is 19:30.

Airport Line 6: Nanyuan Airport-Xidan, passing through Fuhai Park, and the departure time is adjusted with the flight time.

Wangjing Special Line: Capital Airport-Wangjing (Civil Aviation Cadre Management College), passing through Huajiadi Beili, Nanhu Canal, West Exit of Wangjing Street and West Area of Wangjing Garden, with the first bus at 7:00 and the last bus at 23: 00; Wangjing-Capital Airport, passing through Wangjing Garden West, Wangjing Street West and Guang Shun Street North, with the first bus at 5:45 and the last bus at 20:45.

Direction of Tianjin: The departure time of Beijing Capital Airport is from 7:00 to 23: 00, and it runs every 30 minutes after 7: 00, 8:00 and 9:00, opposite to the bus stop 15; Tianjin runs every 30 minutes after 4:00 ~ 18: 00, 4:00, 5:00 and 6:00, and the bus stops at the intersection of Nanjing Road and Shanxi Road. Ticket price, 70 yuan.

Nanyuan Airport is located in Fengtai District, the southern suburb of Beijing, 5 km away from Tiananmen Square/KLOC-0, with a 4C-class runway. This is the first large-scale dual-use airport in Beijing. At present, the navigable cities are Wuxi, Jiamusi, Jingdezhen, Dalian, Harbin, Hailar, Chengdu and Hohhot.

Transportation: Take bus 13, 62, Yuntong 16+05, 6 10, 369, 353 and 953 and get off at the south exit of Xinhua Road.

railway

Beijing is the national railway hub, with six passenger train stations.

Beijing Railway Station is located at No.A 13, MAO house bay hutong, Dongcheng District, and can be reached by subway or bus. Beijing Railway Station is a national special railway passenger station, which mainly undertakes the passenger transport tasks of Jingshan, Qin Jing, Beijing-Shanghai, Jingcheng, Jingyuan and Baojing lines, and there are international and international combined passenger trains bound for Pyongyang, Ulaanbaatar and Moscow.

Beijing West Railway Station is located at Guanglian Road 19, Fengtai District. From downtown, you can take the subway 1 line and get off at the Military Museum Station. Beijing West Railway Station is also a special station, and the trains from here cover major cities in South China, Southwest China and Northwest China.

Beijing South Railway Station is located atNo. Yongwai 12, Chongwen District. It was put into operation in August 2008. Xinnan Station has become the most modern railway station in Beijing and the starting point of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway.

Beijing North Railway Station is Xizhimen Railway Station. Take Metro Line 2 and get off at Xizhimen Station. The railway station, designed and built by Zhan Tianyou, has been listed as a first-class cultural relic protection building in Beijing. The station mainly transports tourists to Badaling and Kangxi grasslands in the suburbs of Beijing.

Beijing East Railway Station, located at No.7 Baiziwan Road, Chaoyang District, is a freight-oriented passenger and freight station.

Fengtai Railway Station, located at No.4 Zhengyang Street, Fengtai District, is a comprehensive special station integrating passengers, goods, transportation and equipment.

highway

There are 12 national highways radiating from Beijing in all directions, which can reach Shenyang, Tianjin, Harbin, Guangzhou, Zhuhai, Nanjing, Fuzhou and Kunming respectively.

There are nine expressways in Beijing: Badaling Expressway, Capital Airport Expressway, Shen Jing Expressway, Jingjintang Expressway, Shi Jing Expressway, Zhangjing Expressway, Jingcheng Expressway, Jingha Expressway and Jingkai Expressway.

There is a 19 coach station in Beijing.

Beijing has now opened direct passenger transportation to Benxi and Liaoyang expressways. Both lines run on the Beijing-Shenyang Expressway, and meals are provided free of charge on the way. The total length of Benxi line is 820km, and the fare is 195 yuan, which runs every day. 10: 30am departs from Bawangfen Long-distance Bus Terminal (partially departs from Sihui Station), and Benxi Bus Terminal returns at 20: 00am. The total length of Liaoyang Line is 700km, and the fare is 170 yuan. It also runs every day. Depart from Bawangfen long-distance bus terminal at 1 1:00 in the morning and return to Liaoyang bus terminal at 22:00.

bus

The unified fare for urban buses is 1 yuan, and the starting price for suburban buses is 1 yuan. According to the distance, the fare will be charged according to 0.5 yuan or 1 yuan, and the fare of air-conditioned cars is more expensive than that of ordinary cars. It is recommended to apply for a bus card, which has great discount and convenient use.

Bus card: According to the regulations of Beijing Municipal Government, anyone who swipes a card will enjoy a 60% discount on the ticket, and students can apply for a student card with their student ID card, with a 20% discount on the fare. It can be handled in subway stations, some bus hubs and big shopping malls, with a deposit of 20 yuan. (Both the subway window of Beijing Railway Station and the bus hub of Beijing West Railway Station can be handled, and the acceptance point will get off work at 7 pm)

Time ticket card: 3-day card fare 10 yuan, limited within 3 days 18 times; 7-day card fare 20 yuan, limited to 42 times in 7 days; 15 card fare in 40 yuan, limited to 90 times a day on 15. You can take the urban bus lines except the prefix "9", excluding the subway. Deposit, 20 yuan.

Tourist-only route

There are many kinds of tourist buses in Beijing. One is a tourist bus that starts with the word "tour". The fare depends on the distance, luxury cars and air-conditioned cars, generally between 30-70 yuan, in which 1 to 5 branch lines leave every day, and bus lines and shuttle buses from 6-to 18 leave on Saturday, Sunday and legal holidays. In addition, there are buses with the prefix "9" (20% off with one card) and single-day buses.

Human tricycles

Passenger tricycles in Beijing are generally gathered in the transportation center and tourist hotspots in the city center. Due to the serious traffic jam in taxis on holidays, people choose tricycles that can wear hutongs. In addition, it is very convenient to see the street scene by tricycle, so the cost of tricycle is slightly higher than that of taxi.

Bicycle; Bicycle exercise

Many big hotels in Beijing have the business of renting bicycles, and the daily rent is around 20 ~ 30 yuan. If you want to have a more thorough understanding of Beijing, you might as well rent a semi-new bike, and then you can enjoy walking in the hutongs in the city center.

Other tourist trains

Every day, there are special tourist trains from several railway stations in Beijing to various scenic spots in the suburbs of Beijing. Beijing Railway Station, Beijing North Railway Station, Beijing South Railway Station and Beijing Railway International Travel Service can all buy holiday train tickets. Visitors can buy tickets for tourist attractions at designated railway ticketing places, and there is no need to buy tickets after arriving at the scenic spots. With the ticket, you can take the outbound trains of Beijing Railway Station, Beijing North Railway Station and Beijing South Railway Station for free.

subway

At present, there are subway 1 line, subway line 2, subway line 5, subway Batong line and subway 13 line (light rail) in Beijing. Line 1 starts from the apple orchard in the west and ends at Sihui East Station in the east; Line 2 passes through Xizhimen, Fuxingmen, Hepingmen, Qianmen and Beijing Railway Station. Batong Line Sihui to Tuqiao. The first bus is usually at 5 o'clock in the morning and the last bus is around 23 o'clock in the evening. The fare is 739 yuan, and there is no discount for one card.

Ming Siling is located at the south foot of Jinping Mountain in the southwest corner of the mausoleum area. It is the burial tomb of the last emperor of the Ming Dynasty and his empress Zhou and Huang Feitian.

After the Qing Dynasty entered the Central Plains, in order to win the hearts of the people and win over the Han landlord class to serve the Qing Dynasty, the concubine tomb buried by Emperor Chongzhen was named "Siling". After the emperor Chongzhen was reburied, garden buildings on the ground were built. According to Records of the Qing Ancestors, the Qing court ordered the emperor Chongzhen to be reburied, and the Siling Building was built in May of the first year of Shunzhi (1644).

For various reasons, it is very difficult to rebury, excavate and construct the Siling Mausoleum. The first is that the engineering organization cannot be implemented quickly. The project should have been the responsibility of the Ministry of Industry and the internal official director, but due to the shortage of manpower, the Ministry of Industry could not divide it. Although the official governor has instructed the Prime Minister Ran to manage the high promotion, Wang applied for the supervision and management of the three officials, but it is probably because "there is no reward and no punishment to be feared." Therefore, despite repeated urging by Cao Huachun, a former eunuch of the Ming Dynasty, the three men always turned a deaf ear. Sanqiu has passed, the solstice of winter is coming, and there is still no date for construction. Therefore, Cao Huachun had to play in November of the first year of Shunzhi (1644) and said, "Rites serve Lao Wang. I wonder why ministers care about it. Although the weather is very cold and the atmosphere is still very warm, you can still dig tunnels today. First, Zigong Palace should be built, and its monuments and pavilions should be built and held in spring. Any further delay is a day's work, that is, a day's work. What is the bright future of quick report? Fu Yao's words are very harsh. It's time to go to the mausoleum, first open a tunnel, and then build a pavilion and monument in the spring. Never use words to slow down the sinking (shelving) of the pavilion, but the meaning is obvious and lasts forever. " The emperor shunzhi reviewed Zhu Pi and said, "The Siling has been running at a high speed, with orders. Why does the supervisor want to play with it? " Let's call it a day. Ran Zhaowei and others immediately set about their work. First, they opened the tunnel, and the rest were reported in the spring. If it is delayed, it will be cured. "Secondly, the silver needed for the project cannot be put in place in time. Under the emperor shunzhi's strict orders, Ran and others who were in charge of the construction of the Four Spirits had to get to the factory as soon as possible, and began to dig tunnels on 1 1 29, and the quarrying of the Four Spirits officially started. At that time, there were three projects that should be carried out at the same time: first, the construction of the four tombs; second, the burial of Queen Zhang of Deling; and third, the burial of Princess Liu of Wanli. Three projects are worth 3000 taels of silver. The source of the silver was originally ordered to give Ling rent silver 1500 Liang, and the minister of civil and military officials donated silver 1500 Liang. But in fact, until that year1February, although the tomb rent had been collected, I didn't know where to collect the money needed for the project. The minister of civil and military affairs donated less than half of the money. Therefore, at the beginning of the project, the Ministry of Industry only had 1 0,000 taels of silver, and at the beginning of the project, the supervisor sent only 1 0,654,38+0 taels of silver to the hospital. Therefore, Cao Huachun, former eunuchs Che Yingkui and Wang Dehua, eunuchs Wang Zhijun and Lu Weining had to move to the inner court in February of that year to urge the delivery of silver coins.

At the urging of Cao Huachun and others, in September of the second year of Shunzhi (1645), the work of rebuilding Siling was finally completed. On the 10th, the minister of the Ministry of Industry can play, asking for instructions to build a fragrant hall with Yu Yin. 12, the emperor shunzhi gave instructions: "I see, the Ministry of Industry will watch the discussion and play about repairing the lingering sound, which I admire very much." 1October 27th, Wu Sangui, the king of the day, donated another 2,000 yuan to help build the Siling, and the Siling project came to an end temporarily. In August of the eleventh year of Shunzhi, Tan Qian, a famous scholar in the Qing Dynasty, went to worship in Siling. In his book A Journey to the North, he described the building rules of Siling at that time: "Sixty paces south of Joo Won?. The middle door is two feet long, and the left and right doors are the keys on the right. Within the city wall, you can stand on the left and right, or you can not admire. Several cases are dedicated to the memorial of Emperor Zongduan of Minghuai (here refers to the Hall of Happiness). Go north along the wall, which is also the wall. The door, left and right are as good as before. In the middle is the pavilion of steles, with the cloud "Huaizong Duanhuang Mausoleum" and the seal "Daming". Into this wall, except for the ground five feet, the stone ridge is five inches shallow, several feet square, burning silk. Five things were put in a Campbell's flask and cut with stones. Small five feet, a few horizontal stones, five fruits, whole stones. The hiding place of the dragon is three or four feet of soil, with hazelnuts in the grass and several wild jujube trees. " The same book "Four Ji Ling in Moon Hee" also said that the Siling Temple is "three pavilions" (three rooms) and "the Lord of the ancient emperor"; The tablet pavilion (called "Inner Hall" in the text) has a forehead and the word "four spirits" in the golden book. The stone tablet "Daming" in the pavilion is also gold. Inscription "Emperor Mausoleum of Huaizong Section".

In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi, Siling architecture changed slightly. In March of that year, a tablet pavilion was added in front of the mausoleum. 1 1 month, go to the "Huaizong" Hall of Chongzhen Emperor. And changed it to "Zhuang Liedi". The handwriting of stone tablets and inscriptions in the mausoleum also changed. 12, the emperor shunzhi promulgated the Mausoleum of Chongzhen, and the specific construction project is unknown. However, judging from the four spirits system recorded in Tan Jigui's Sulu Song during the Kangxi period, although the four spirits were built in the sixteenth year of Shunzhi, they have not changed much. The situation of the four-spirit building recorded in the book is: "The monument pavilion is four feet and eight feet north and south, and it is repaired by three feet. Enjoy the hall, 13 steps away from the door, three steps away, no platform, three towers in the hall, seven feet two feet wide, four feet two feet long, one incense table, five green glasses, and all the utensils. A divine brand, 2 feet and 5 inches high, carved with dragons on a green background and engraved with gold mud: "Daqin will live tomorrow, and Min Yidun, Jian Hong and Wu Wenxiang will rule over Emperor Xiao Zhuang". Catalpa tree is a warm pavilion, with six long fans, three wooden fans, and three Zhuang Liedi fans. On Wednesday, the fan was on the left and Tian Fei was on the right, all of which were exposed with rafters. A few weeks later, the theme of God said,' Daming is filial to Zhen Lie, treats Zhuang Min kindly, inherits heaven, and the Saint Queen matches the Yellow Queen'. The Lord of Tian Fei only has the word' Gong Yi', and I was worn out. There are three black tile pagodas. There is a big apricot tree in front of the temple. The third door of the mausoleum is four steps away from the temple site, and the cave wall is a door, two feet wide and four feet wide. If it is repaired by one foot and two feet, it will be a family. Tomorrow's building is eleven steps away from the door, so you can't afford it. The fourth step is to open a door in the middle and clip two windows on the left and right. The stone tablet is ten feet wide and six feet long. It is carved with a dragon, a square seat and a high height, and is engraved with the words' The Mausoleum'. This stone is ten paces from the building, five feet long and two feet wide. Several stone tools are five or eight feet high, carving dragons to some extent. Different from tombs, Chinese Ding is listed on the ground. Baocheng is very close, there is no city, there are walls around it, and it is six feet high. The middle mound of lime is four feet high and the wall is short, with eight pine trees on the left and seven pine trees on the right. "

During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the four tombs were renovated twice, and new changes took place in the building regulations of the cemetery. In the 10th year of Qianlong (1745), in September, Qian, the left assistant minister of punishments, was ordered to offer sacrifices to Siling. When he found that the four tombs were in disrepair for a long time and the temple was seriously damaged by wind and rain, he called for repairs and proposed to deal with them according to the imperial edict of his ancestors. At his request, Emperor Qianlong ordered the imperial edict to repair the Siling Mausoleum. Nasutu, governor of Zhili, was ordered to supervise the project. Hu Dahua is well known in Changping Prefecture. It is estimated that three halls have been built and six halls have been built. In addition, silver13,900 RMB is used for materials and glazed tiles needed for the city gate, city gate, stele pavilion and Lu Yong Road. Later, it was reviewed on the spot by Yongshou, Tongzhi County, Baoding Prefecture, and it was considered that "although the three rooms of Xiangtang have collapsed for a long time, the old planted wood bricks are still sufficient, and it seems appropriate to repair them, and the remaining walls should be pasted as appropriate. Its six halls have been abandoned for a long time, and the foundation is narrow, so it is not necessary to rebuild them to save money. " In November of the 11th year of Qianlong, after obtaining the consent of Emperor Qianlong, Nasutu only repaired the Siling Hall and walls, and the auxiliary hall was abandoned without repair.

In the fifty years of Qianlong (1785), the Ming Tombs were renovated in March, and Siling was one of them. Because "during the Shunzhi period, the Siling Mausoleum was rebuilt, and the systems of the Ming building and the enjoyment hall were not ready", it was ordered to "repair it, which is like a tomb." The worship of Puli's brand of wood owners is to properly enjoy the sacrifice. " Jin Jian, the minister of the Ministry of Industry, and others put forward after on-the-spot investigation that Siling "has only three halls and one pavilion, and the regulation is quite narrow." "At the beginning of Tintin, sai-jo Zhang ordered the emperor's gift to rebury the mausoleum. I am hereby instructed to repair the Ming Tombs at great expense. It seems that the platform should be built on the current terrain, and the old monument pavilion should be moved to the platform. The back wall should be raised slightly, and the dome should be added with the wall. The original three halls should be rebuilt with five rooms, and the palace gate should be rebuilt with three rooms. It is better to use Zhang En. " As a result, the Lingmen of Siling was transformed into three hard-topped gatehouses, and the Xiangtang was built into a single-eaves, hilltop-resting building with five rooms (width 17.3m) and three rooms (depth 8.5m). After the Five Sacrifices Stone Carving, the single-sided wall-type Baocheng City Wall without "horse path" and "residual wall" was built, as well as the Ming-style buildings with double eaves and rest peaks on the city platform.

In the management of the cemetery, Siling, like other Ming Tombs, set up two envoys (eunuchs guarding the mausoleum) and eight lingfu in the Qing Dynasty to give incense to Mu according to the service. Every spring and autumn, officials from Taichang Temple are sent to the mausoleum to offer sacrifices. Every year, the Qing court also appointed a Tang official of the Ministry of Industry to inspect and repair the cemetery buildings in the mausoleum from time to time.

Although the Four Spirits was always the name of Emperor Chongzhen's mausoleum in the late Qing Dynasty, during Shunzhi and Kangxi years, some intellectuals did not call it the Four Spirits, but called it "Saving the Palace". For example, in "Scenery of Changping", Gu directly referred to the Four Spirits as the "Life-saving Palace" and explained: "In the past, when the Song Dynasty crossed south, all the tombs in Huiji were called the Life-saving Palace, and the real tombs were not named after tombs. "Spring and Autumn Annals" says: "Killing a thief does not ask for a book burial", but the name is not buried. The words of today's mausoleum are also famous. What is not buried is also true. It is not buried, but buried in name, and the meaning of the courtiers dare not come out. " Liang Fen, the author of "A Picture of the Mausoleum", said: "The fact that Emperor Liedi was buried in Tian Fei's tomb does not mean that we cannot save the palace! It's impossible to call Ling! It is especially important to think about it! " Obviously, they stood in the position of the Ming Dynasty and thought that the national humiliation of the Ming Dynasty was not over and your father's revenge was not reported. Therefore, although Emperor Chongzhen was buried in Tian Fei's tomb, it cannot be called "burial", nor can Siling be called "mausoleum". They refused to accept the tomb name given by the Qing Dynasty for Emperor Chongzhen's tomb, reflecting their dissatisfaction with the rulers of the Qing Dynasty and their nostalgia for the Ming Dynasty.

After the demise of the Qing Dynasty, Siling Temple suffered many disasters and was seriously damaged. The catacombs have been stolen twice by local grave robbers. 1947, the Kuomintang army demolished the ground buildings of the cemetery on a large scale and repaired the gun tower. The four spirits are bleak everywhere, and only tombs, buildings and temples, five sacrificial stone carvings and stone tablets have been preserved as precious cultural relics.

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the state attached great importance to the protection of cultural relics, and Siling was duly protected. Although there are no magnificent halls and terraces, the Ming Si Ling still has a unique artistic conception. In particular, the remaining stone carvings are wonderfully conceived and finely carved. & gt