What is a singing and dancing performance based on rap?

This phenomenon of "lack of Han costumes" is precisely the performance of the localization process of Yangko in Northeast China. "Liu lue" Volume 4 records: "On the Lantern Festival, the busybodies played yangko. Yangko people dressed as three or four women with boys, three or four people dressed as soldiers, each holding two logs to fight each other, and at the same time dressed as the leader of umbrella lamps and plasters, dancing with gongs and drums until the end of the song. " "Men dressed as women" means men dressed as "coats", also called "Baotou", and "three or four people dressed as soldiers" means men dressed as "clowns". The "diary" is about the overlord whip and so on. Judging from "pretending to be the leader of an umbrella lamp vendor", it should be a kind of umbrella lamp yangko. "Umbrella lamp Yangko" is led by an umbrella lamp holder, and candles are lit in the umbrella lamp to meet the needs of night lighting. During the performance, the whole yangko team changed its formation with the dance of umbrella lantern holders. People are used to calling this role "umbrella head", so this performance form is called "umbrella lantern yangko".

Liu's "A Brief Introduction to Ji Bian" also contains a passage about Yangko in Zeng Shou's "Journey with the Army": "On the occasion of the New Year, all the soldiers and soldiers of the Eight Banners eat and drink, and all the guards put on armor, disguised as women, and sang" For Blessing ",which is a Manchu transliteration of Yangko. This kind of yangko played by Manchu is commonly known as "Eight Banners Yangko" or "Tartars Yangko". Popular in Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang and other Manchu-inhabited areas. No matter from the strong national characteristics of clothing, costumes and performances,

Judging from the national psychology, aesthetic taste and customs embodied in this kind of yangko, "Tatar yangko" has indeed formed its own national characteristics. For example, Manchu has always emphasized etiquette, so "when the two teams meet yangko, the players of both sides stand on both sides, and the Manchu officials dressed by the leaders of both sides will give gifts to each other, and then the second masters of each team (also known as monks spit, which is actually a homonym of" courtesy spit ") will receive whips from their own masters. However, the "Tartars Yangko" is also awkward due to different regions. Jiang Jianping, Lv Diancai and Chen Yinhe wrote in the article "Yangko and Manchu Customs in Jilin Area": "There are three important figures in Yangko in Jilin area, namely' old Tatar',' old woman' and' fool'. "Old Tartars" was a typical assistant leader in Qing Dynasty. He is the head of the general electric team. He is not only good at singing and dancing, but also has great military strategy. He is the commander-in-chief of the Yangko performance. His intention is expressed by his whip (the top of which is inserted on silk flower's whip rod), which means that the whip swings back and forth from side to side to indicate the rhythm, and the whip circles to change the yangko field, and the' old woman' has a knot on her head. The article also wrote about the Manchu's meeting ceremony: "The meeting ceremony of the Yangko Team in Jilin area is called' Meeting Ceremony Yangko'. During the Yangko performance, the old Dalai Lama, led by two teams, whipped the whip, and the actors lined up in two rows (Lahua stood on the left and Ugly stood on the right), and the band stopped playing. The two old Tartars face to face, first pull down the horseshoe sleeves and take a step forward, then hold the broadsword in the left hand, bend the right knee, and press against the other's right shoulder, and then press against the left shoulder (that is, the anti-shoulder ceremony is the intimate etiquette between Manchu peers). After the ceremony, they greeted each other in Manchu. Finally, they put their whips in their hands, drums and music sounded, and two yangko teams interspersed. When interspersed, the actors on both sides are only allowed to twist, not to tease. " These descriptions let us see that there was such a yangko in the northeast, and let us see the restriction and influence of a nation's way of thinking, expression and acceptance on a certain art form. This is the art created by our nation, which absorbs the art of other nations, and inevitably melts, transforms and serves our nation more or less according to the aesthetic needs of our people.

Yangko in the Han nationality area in Northeast China has formed its own distinctive features under the influence of the northeast customs and other brotherly national arts. Because the Han people live in a wide area, this kind of Han Yangko is collectively called Northeast Yangko, including Yang Di Yangko and Stilts Yangko.

Yangko is the most popular in northeast China, and it is found in Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces. Due to different regions, there are similarities and differences.

In Jilin area, the local yangko is run by the government, that is, by wealthy firms. Every New Year's Festival, the Yangko Festival is huge and the performance is competitive. Most folk yangko artists are organized and initiated for profit, and everyone will divide the money. In front of the yangko team, there are banners and two big gongs with the characters "Happy New Year" and "Happy New Year", and drums and cymbals are played behind the temple. Behind the gongs and drums are a group of "sand boys" (also called "pull-ups"), holding fans, wearing cloaks and small towels, leading "upper" wax flowers and "lower" clowns to form several sub-frames. The number of frames depends on the size of the yangko team. "Shang" is also called "Baotou" and is wrapped in a bun with green cloth. The "bottoms" are wearing ugly hats, ugly jackets, colorful pants and purses or ribbons. The "tops" and "bottoms" are the basic members of the Yangko team. "Son of the Sand" uses fans to change the formation, and adopts some formations such as "double flower arrangement", "rolling cabbage flowers" and "dragon wagging its tail". In some places, there is also an "old Tatar" in the Yangko team wearing leather clothes and holding a "cow mallet". He can walk in the team at will, and he can chase the finale of any yangko team. In some places, he played an old man, took a red pepper as an earring, and they teased each other. Some yangko teams also play some small roles, such as "San Niang hits the stove". Sanniang dressed up as a shrew, with red eyebrows and a big pipe in her hand. The Kitchen God was dressed in a black robe, with a handsome face and a black beard. Another example is The Legend of the White Snake, in which the white snake wears a white skirt, the green snake wears a blue skirt, and Xu Xian wears a small towel, gown and an umbrella. Another example is The Journey to the West, who plays Tang Priest, the Monkey King, Pig Bajie and Friar Sand. There are also old people, kannika nimtragol and other roles dressed as "old people with little wives". These characters are just doing wriggling movements related to their roles in the Yangko team, and they have not really entered the emergency plot.

When the yangko team entered the village, they worshipped the land temple at the head of the village. One way to pay New Year greetings to the whole village is to play at the head of the village, and the other way is to pay New Year greetings from door to door. When you enter the gate, you should change the yangko and the formation and sing a happy new year song. When the host sings, he sings. If he doesn't sing, "Sha Gongzi" will ask Baotou singers and ugly singers to sing some small songs.

There are many yangko in Liaoning and southern Liaoning, and the yangko in southern Liaoning is very famous in Liaoyang. Ren Guangwei's textual research on the origin of Liaoyang yangko: "Liaoyang yangko is generally composed of 34 to 16 people ... but no matter how many people there are in the yangko team, there are only one or two whips in the whole team (also called threshing floor). These two whippers each have a name, one is the foreign Dalai Lama and the other is the Dalai Lama. The Dalai Lama usually wears a felt hat, a fur coat with fur outward, red trousers, a white leather bag around his waist, short soft boots and a whip in his hand. He is called the' old cow mallet'. His name is Kritu, and the Dalai Lama joined the yangko team later than the foreign Dalai Lama, probably in the late Qing Dynasty. He is wearing a cool hat with a red top, a brown official coat, trousers and boots on a thin bottom. He still holds an' old ox mallet' in his hand, which is a thick and thin whip. He throws a sound and commands the whole Yangko team. As soon as the whip was thrown, the yangko team began to change "flower fields", so the foreign Dalai Lama was called "Clitu". According to legend, the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty organized people of other nationalities into a team with 50 households as a team, and the Mongols who ruled each team were called "Klitu". Only from the statement of "Clitu" and the appearance of the Dalai Lama, an upright official, we can see that yangko has changed under the influence of the regional characteristics of Northeast China and the rise and fall of ethnic groups.

Yangko in Liaoyang is mainly a group dance, and its beauty lies in its changeable formation. The artist's name is Hua Changzi. "Flower field" is composed of many "flower seeds". Birch is called "array" such as "flower array", "coil array", "long snake array", "fish dragon array", "eight diagrams array", "gourd coil array" and "eight diagrams array". The appearance of "top coat" and "bottom coat" is pink, white and black.

The characteristic of Yangko in southern Liaoning is the stilt Yangko. Lighthouse yangko and Haicheng yangko in southern Liaoning are both famous.

The first name of stilt yangko is "headline number" Wearing a brown hat, black tights, a white nose in the shape of a scorpion or a butterfly, an upturned moustache, and walking with a whip, he is a handsome and playful image of Wu Chou. The second place is "Er Qiao", with his head tied into a ball and red dots painted on his forehead. They are also tights, which are similar to Wu Dan's appearance, and they also wave their heads with a whip. There is also an old fisherman curled up along his hat, wearing a yellow robe and a white mouth, swinging from side to side. This is the image of the old hero Sean in Fishing to Kill His Wife, as well as the roles of white snake, green snake, colorful girl, ugly son and silly pillar.

In the stilt yangko team, the most joyful songs and dances are the "upper skirt" with flowers on the head and women's jackets and the "lower skirt" of the clown. A stilt yangko team should have more than four to six pairs of racks, and the last pair is called "pressing drums", which requires amazing skills and represents the performance level of a stilt yangko team.

The performance of the stilt yangko team in the street is called "Street Walking". Play Qupai such as "Two Sentences" and "Five Horses", twist and turn while walking, wrap your head and dance the handkerchief of the house. Nowadays, in a big family, four people, such as "riding an elephant" and "looking up", will set up an old fisherman, ride an elephant boy and sing a new Vientiane music song. Randomly adapt the lyrics according to different situations. After singing happy songs, drums, hand running, head stilts and two stilts were led by whips and changed formations. "Fighting on all sides", "cross plum", "ears", "treasure chest cover", "stringing buckwheat" and "dragon wagging its tail" are all composed of stilts.

Every New Year's Festival or temple fair, several groups of stilt yangko meet, but also "fight against Taiwan" to attract the audience with their own specialties. For example, this group of well-known yangko players won by showing the love between men and women and delicate dance movements, while another group won by "fighting the martial arts field". The flying feet are still spinning, rolling back and forth, holding flowers and forks in their hands, and another group is amazing.

Yangko on stilts in southern Liaoning has a great influence on the art of Errenzhuan in Liaoning. As the saying goes, "singing in the south and singing in the north" refers to Liaoning in the south, dancing in the waves, which means that Liaoning and Jilin and Heilongjiang in the north turned to be good at dancing. Although we can't generalize, there are many artists who can sing and dance well in North and South, but on the whole, this dance of duet is really outstanding.

Here are some folk performing arts related to yangko.

"Haicheng County Records": "On April 18th, Yaozhou Temple Fair was held, and on April 28th, Tiger Village Competition was held. This is a time for Japanese participants to greet the gods with ceremonial flutes, drums, lions, dry boats, stilts and pavilions. People are scrambling to see it, and some people come from hundreds of miles away ... restaurants, clubs and small businesses in Yingkou and nearby counties have set up temporary business outlets by leasing. This kind of competition is not only a commercial competition venue, but also a competition venue for folk art, especially the stilt yangko. Accompanied by the yangko team are "lion dance", "dragon dance", "bamboo horse running", "donkey running" and people dressed as fish, ponds, shrimps and crabs, all of which are related to mammals. There are dances such as "dry boat", "dragon boat" and "peaceful car". People carry large props such as carts and boats to simulate rowing and pushing people. There are dances with clapping props such as "overlord whip", "big board", "jade board" and "flower cymbals", there are dances with simple story, such as "big-head monk dance dancing to tease Liu Cui", and there are minor songs and dances, such as flying kites, picking cotton and crescent moon. There are also small plays developed from minor tunes, such as Ci Shan, The Blind Look at the Lights, Wang Po Scold Chicken, etc. The relationship between two people is the closest. The above forms are often performed in large-scale competitions with yangko and stilts. Of course, not all of them, and the elements are different in scale. Several or dozens of performances are often small and light, while "lifting the pavilion" and "lifting the stilts"

Northeast yangko is the source of the art of duet. From the narration of the performance forms of the Northeast Yangko series, we can see the style influence of Errenzhuan and artistic elements such as costumes, dances and minor tunes.

Second, charming rap art.

People of all ethnic groups living in Baishan and Heishui can not only sing and dance, but also create colorful folk songs and dances. The art of rap is also very developed, which profoundly shows their thoughts, feelings and ideals, as well as their industrious, brave, unpretentious and humorous personality characteristics.

Daowala, which originated from the late Jin Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty, is a kind of rap art with singing and dancing. Usually, two actors perform in groups of two, with men dressed as "horns" and women dressed as "horns", sometimes imitating related figures, sometimes singing a complete story by one person, and sometimes singing by one person with or without makeup. The way of performance is holding fishbone plate and bone plate, singing and dancing. The lyrics and spoken language are in Manchu, and improvisation is allowed. Accompaniment instruments are mainly Sanxian and Lagu flute. When singing, most of the audience applauded with the song, and the mood on and off the stage was full, and folk songs and self-entertainment were integrated into it. It reached its peak in the middle of Qing Dynasty, and many tribes with different styles were formed. Daowala, popular in Yongji County, Jilin Province, is called Wula Haizhi.

Zhu Chiwen, also known as Chun Zhu or Wu Chun, is a sister art similar to Vara. Its Manchu language means singing and dancing or acting as a "play", but it does not complete the "play" equivalent to drama and contains the meaning of game. Generally, it is a duet or three or five people performing on the same stage, with life, Dan, cleanliness and ugliness. I also saw a person performing, including singing and dancing, telling white martial arts and acrobatics, mainly telling stories. Most of the bands are four people, and one person is only Latin and ancient. The rhythm of singing and dancing is controlled by "Peng Peng" drum sound and "Tu Tu" drum sound. Most of them are sung by one person, and everyone is in harmony with the voice of "empty". The artistic style has also formed many tribes because of the different distribution ranges. There used to be Fuyu branch in Yongji area and Fuyu branch in Jilin province, and popular songs mainly included Orhoudala (Manchu, meaning singing the king of ginseng), girl, third brother joining the army, pie and so on. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty, Wula went straight to chengde mountain resort to participate in the "Wanshou Festival" celebration performance.

Zidishu, a kind of rap art initiated by Manchu children, is popular in northeast and north China of China. It turned out that during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, A Gui led the Eight Banners who won the battle in Beijing and sang with this folk song and octagonal drum, which was a sensation in Beijing and was called "Eight Banners Children's Music". Then, the literati among the children of the Eight Banners borrowed the artistic skills of drum songs and classical poems, and referred to the melody of some tunes, singing with the rhyme of "Thirteen Avenue" circulated by the northern folk. By the time of Jiaqing and Daoguang, the children of the Eight Banners had reached the peak, and children's books paid attention to rhyme, mostly seven or cross, which could be added at any time when singing. Therefore, it pays great attention to the careful consideration of words, and its language is elegant, cadence and literary. At the same time, each story has a complete plot, vivid and touching plot, and pays attention to the psychological description and character portrayal of the characters, which has high literary value.

At first, children sang in the East Side of Beijing and soon spread to the West Side. They absorbed some characteristics of Kunqu opera in tune, and formed two schools: Dongcheng Tune and Xicheng Tune. Xicheng tune, also known as western tune or western rhyme, sings sentimental love stories with a low and sad tune; Dongcheng Tune, also known as Dong Tune or Dong Rhyme, often sings heroic stories, and its tunes are hot and enthusiastic. Most of the writers who wrote Zi Di Shu were lower Manchu intellectuals, among whom He Lv and San Chuang (Han Xiaochuang, Yun Chuang) made great achievements. There are many works of Ziyin Tree. 1954, Mr. Fu Xihua compiled the Catalogue of Disciples, which included 446 kinds and more than a thousand volumes. Most of its contents are based on novels, operas and social life in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Many works have sharp and profound ideological contents and are very popular with the masses. It's a pity that Zidishu, as a form of Quyi, no longer exists because of its height and scarcity. However, for two hundred years, its charm still exists and its influence is quite far-reaching. As far as the northeast drum and the northeast duet are concerned, many jokes are from children's books.

Octagonal drum is a popular Manchu rap art in Qing Dynasty. It is named after the percussion instrument used by the singer. It was originally a folk art when Manchu lived outside the customs. Manchu people often sing with it in their leisure time. The octagonal drum is covered with eight pieces of hardwood with silver edges, and the surface of the drum is covered with python skin. The image of octagon signs the Eight Banners of Manchu. It has seven plum blossom holes on seven sides, and each hole has a copper column with three cymbals on it. Seven holes * * * Twenty-one cymbals represent twenty flags and one rare flag, which coincides with the military organization of the Eight Banners. There is a purple tassel hanging under the drum.

Han rap art, such as lotus falling, having nothing to do, storytelling, drumming and so on. Most of them were brought to the northeast by Han refugees from Shanhaiguan. Influenced by the northeast regional culture, it is localized by the continuous injection of Kanto charm.

Northeast exultation is a major rap art form widely spread in Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces. Because it was once popular in Shenyang, Shenyang set up Fengtianfu in Qing Dynasty, so it was called Fengda Drum, Fengpai Drum and Fengdiao Drum, and later called Liaoning Drum.

According to legend, in the forty-eight years of Qing Qianlong (1783), Huang and other children artists came to the northeast from Beijing and introduced the singing method of Zidishu to Shenyang. Later, they combined the northeast folk and minor, and gradually formed the Fengtian drum. At that time, most songs were written by children, so it was also called "Yin Qing Children's Class". The original singing form of the Northeast Drum is that the singer plays on a small three-string and ties a knot on his leg, which is also called "Heizaiben". After having an actress in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, she played drums and was accompanied by a string master. The drum is a leather drum with a full foot diameter and a height of about one inch. The drum head is made of wood and covered with a leather drum. It is supported by a drum frame with three pillars. Board, also called "section board", is used to capture pictures, such as wood, copper and iron. When singing, the actor plays drums with his right hand and boards with his left hand.

The northeast drum is performed in the countryside, accompanied by only three strings. After entering the city, they will perform in teahouses and theaters, some of which will be accompanied by other musical instruments, such as Hu Si and Pipa. No matter how many musical instruments are accompanied, the strings should be sung along with them, and the tunes should be preserved to achieve the purpose of harmony in five tones.