Urgent! Seek the introduction of Lin 'an City, the capital of Southern Song Dynasty.

Classification: society/culture >> Historical topics

Analysis:

China was the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty. Located in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. After the Jin Dynasty destroyed the Northern Song Dynasty, it was suggested for three years (1 129), and Song Gaozong upgraded Hangzhou to Lin 'an House as its residence. In the eighth year of Shaoxing (1 138), Lin 'an was officially designated as the tourist capital. Because the Southern Song Dynasty wants to restore the inheritance of the northern ancestors, Lin 'an has not been greatly expanded, maintaining the original layout of the city. The archaeological work of Lin 'an City began at 1983. The ruins of the imperial kiln in the Lower Southern Song Dynasty in Wuguishan were excavated one after another, and the location and scope of Miyagi were surveyed. Two large rammed earth foundations and a large area of pond remains were found in Miyagi, and the remains presumed to be "Deshou Palace" of Gaozong were also found between Wangjiang Bridge and Xingong Bridge. Lin 'an City is located on the small plain between Qiantang River and West Lake, and its plane is approximately rectangular. Miyagi is located at the southern end of the city, at the eastern foot of Phoenix Mountain, with a circumference of nine miles. The city wall was rammed on the basis of the original Lin 'an Fuzi City. Lin 'an has a central imperial street (now Zhongshan Road) that runs through the north and south. It is the most prosperous street in the city, with shops on both sides. There are two canals to the east of the street. There are four crosswalks in the city, with alleys in the middle, and houses are often front streets and back rivers, which make full use of the convenience of the river. This kind of street system with vertical streets and horizontal lanes, front street and back river is very suitable for the south.

In the Song Dynasty, it moved south, 1 138 made its capital in Hangzhou and changed its name to Lin 'an. Lin 'an was originally the capital of Wu Yueguo (907-978), a local political power. Because of its good economic foundation, Lin 'an was chosen as the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty. Since then, the original wuyue Palace has been expanded, more sacrificial altars and temples have been built, rivers and lakes have been dredged, more roads have been built, traffic has been improved, commerce and handicrafts have been developed, and it has become the political, economic and cultural center of the country. Until the demise of the Southern Song Dynasty in 1276, a full 138 years.

Zhejiang Hangzhou Pagoda of Six Harmonies

1. Urban layout

Lin 'an is bordered by Phoenix Mountain in the south, West Lake in the west, plains in the north and east, and the city is an irregular rectangle with long and narrow north and south. The imperial palace monopolizes the Phoenix Mountain in the south, and the whole city block is in the north, forming the pattern of "Nangong North City", while the Imperial Street extending from the north gate of the imperial palace runs through the whole city and becomes the bustling area of the city. The southern section of Yujie is Shu Ya District, and the middle section is the central comprehensive business district. At the same time, there are also many industrial streets and "tiles" where entertainment activities are concentrated. The official business circle is on the east side of the southern section of Yujie Street. Commerce and handicrafts all over the city occupy a large proportion in the city. The residential area is in the middle of the city, and many dignitaries' mansions are located behind the commercial street next to Yujie, while the official handicraft area and warehouse area are in the north of the city. The cultural area consisting of imperial academy, imperial academy and martial arts school is located at Qiantangmen near the northwest corner of West Lake. Lin 'an not only combines the city with beautiful scenic spots, but also has many gardens dotted among them.

2. Urban roads

Lin 'an takes Yujie as the main road, which starts from the north gate and Ningmen of the Palace and ends at Jingling Palace in the north of the city, with a total length of about 4,500 meters. In addition, there are four north-south roads similar to Imperial Street. There are also four east-west trunk roads, all of which are passages between the east and west gates. There are also several sub-level streets, all leading to the Central Imperial Street. The whole city adapts to local conditions, forming grids of different sizes, and the roads are inclined and named after "Fang", which is evidence of the collapse of the system.

3. Urban rivers and lakes

There are four rivers in the city, among which Yanqiao River is the main traffic river, and there are many downtown areas along the river. There are many rivers outside the city, which are connected with the Grand Canal. These criss-crossing rivers and lakes form a water transport network, which plays an important role in Lin 'an's economic development.

4. Commercial streets and handicraft workshops

There are businesses all over Lin 'an. "From Hening Gate Branch to Guanqiao Bridge, everything is bought and sold" ("Meng Lianglu"), which is the scene of Yujie. It belongs to the central comprehensive business district, where there are specialized commodity markets, such as gold and silver trading markets and general commodity markets. In addition, there are many "tiles", including teahouses, hotels and acrobatic performances. The official handicraft workshops in Lin 'an are mostly concentrated in Wulin Square and Zhaoxian Square in the north of the city. The official kiln of porcelain is at the foot of Fenghuang Mountain in the south of the city, which is called Inner Kiln. Private handicrafts are spread all over the city, and silk spinning industry is mostly industrial and commercial workshops, concentrated in Guanxiang area in the middle of Yujie Street. The shed bridge in the middle section of Yujie Street is the largest book market in Lin 'an, and the engraving workshop is near the shed bridge.