Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Hotel franchise - What are the places of interest in China?
What are the places of interest in China?
Zhoukoudian ancient site
Zhoukoudian site is a national key cultural relic protection unit and a world cultural heritage. Located in Gulong Mountain, Zhoukoudian Village, Fangshan District, southwest of Beijing. Its ancient human site was discovered in 1927, and now there are 25 sites, including many periods from 600,000 years ago to 1 10,000 years ago. The skull of Peking man was found in Pei Wenzhong on 1929. The activity time of "Beijingers" in Zhoukoudian was about 600,000 years ago to over 200,000 years ago. Six skull fossils, 65,438+057 teeth and many other bones were found, belonging to more than 40 individuals. There are traces of Beijing people using fire in the ruins. /kloc-The Neanderthal site was discovered in 0/930, and three human skull fossils and many other fossils were unearthed, belonging to more than ten individuals, and their culture belonged to the late Paleolithic period. 1967 "New Neanderthals" were discovered, and their cultural era was between Beijingers and Harmony.
Between cavemen.
Wangfujing Late Paleolithic Site
Wangfujing Paleolithic Site is located in Wangfujing East, Dongcheng District, Beijing. 1996 12 was found in the middle of February at the depth of12 meters underground of the Oriental Plaza construction site. The site is divided into two layers. The lower floor was about 220 thousand years ago. The site covers an area of several hundred square meters, and nearly a thousand stone tools and animal bones have been unearthed, as well as many charcoal pits. This is a house on the plain. The upper site is about 1 m higher than the lower site, and it is later than the lower site. There are few relics found, but it shows that human beings have been active here more than once. The discovery of this site is of great significance to the study of prehistoric human activities in Beijing. ?
Liu Lihe website
Liu Lihe site is a national key cultural relic protection unit. Located in Liu Lihe Town, Fangshan District, southwest of Beijing. The horizontal distance from east to west is 3.5km, and the vertical distance from north to south is1.5km.. It is an important site in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, including three parts: ancient city site, tomb area and residential site. The ancient city site is located in the middle of the site, and the northern half of the north wall and the east and west walls are still on the ground. The north wall is 829 meters long, and the northern section of the east-west wall remains about 300 meters. The city was built in the early Western Zhou Dynasty. The burial area is located in the southeast of the city, and Huangtupo Village is the most concentrated. Tombs are divided into three types: large, medium and small, all of which are rectangular vertical holes. Small and medium-sized tombs have two terraced fields of ripe soil, and large tombs have two tombs. The funerary objects of small tombs are mainly pottery, medium-sized tombs are mainly bronzes, and large tombs are mostly tombs. Pottery combination consists of enamel, reeds and pots. Many bronzes are engraved with inscriptions, and the unearthed and Bojuwei are extremely precious bronze ritual vessels. In recent years, Oracle Bone Inscriptions engraved with the words "Chengzhou" has provided strong evidence for determining the site of Du Yan, which is an important achievement of the "Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties Dating Project". Residential areas are located in the city and the west, with houses, pits, ash pits, wells and other sites. The Western Zhou Dynasty Yandou Site Museum was built in this site area. ?
Doudian tucheng
Doudian Tucheng Beijing Cultural Relics Protection Unit. Doudian Town, Fangshan District, southwest of Beijing. It was an ancient city in Beijing from the Warring States Period to the Western Han Dynasty. The city is rectangular and divided into two floors. The inner city is rammed soil and the outer country is a pile of soil. The inner city is about 1 100 meters long from east to west, 860 meters wide from north to south, 1200 meters long from east to west and 960 meters wide from north to south. There is still a wall 8 meters high in the southwest corner, with a bottom width of about 17 meters and a top width of about 2? 5 meters, rammed soil layer is obvious. There is a sub-city near the western wall of the city, which is rectangular, about 400 meters long from east to west and 300 meters wide from north to south. There are rich relics inside and outside the city, with a large number of pottery fragments such as beans, pots and cans. ?
Yuhuangmiao Mountain Rong Tomb Site
Jade Emperor Temple Mount Rong Tomb Site Beijing Cultural Relics Protection Unit. Located in Yuhuangmiao Village, Jinjiabao Township, Yanqing County, northwest Beijing. 1985 started exploration and excavation, and cleared more than 200 tombs. More than 6,000 exquisite gold wares, bronzes, agates, turquoise, pottery, bone wares, mussels and stone tools have been unearthed. Cultural connotation has strong regional characteristics, such as bronze dagger, bronze dagger. The discovery of tombs provides valuable information for studying the geographical distribution, life years, cultural characteristics, tomb system, economic form, military activities, social structure and ancient weapons making of the Shanrong nationality in ancient China, and enriches the research contents of Beijing's ancient history and Beijing's national history. Now it is the Shanrong Culture Exhibition Hall. ?
Dabaotai Han Tomb
Western Han Tomb Site in Dabaotai, a cultural relic protection unit in Beijing. Hu Axiang, Fengtai District, southwest of Beijing. During the period of 1974 ~ 1975, it was found that the tombs of Rebecca (or Wang Guangyang) and his empress in the Western Han Dynasty were all large wooden tombs facing south, which were vertical holes in earth pits. The upper mouth of the tomb is 26.8 meters long from north to south, 2 1.2 meters wide from east to west, 23.2 meters long at the bottom, 18 meters wide and 4.7 meters deep. There is a pyramid-shaped mound more than 30 meters long in the south. The tomb is a wooden structure, which consists of a tomb, a tunnel, an outer corridor, an inner corridor, a front room and a back room. The center of the tomb is Zigong, toilet room and yellow intestine. There are five coffins, two coffins and three coffins. The yellow sausage puzzle consists of 10cm× 10cm× 90cm cypress cube 15800. The underground palace of the Western Han Dynasty was first unearthed in China. And the complete remains of horses and chariots are only available in China. Now it has become the Western Han Tomb Museum in Dabaotai.
Tangshan Huludong Ancient Human Fossil Site (Nanjing Human Fossil Site)
Tangshan Huludong Ancient Human Fossil Site (Nanjing Human Fossil Site) Jiangsu Provincial Cultural Relics Protection Unit. Hulu Cave in Leigong Mountain, Tangshan Town, Jiangning County, about 30 kilometers east of Nanjing. During the period of 1993, during the tourism development and excavation of Leigong Cave in Jiangning County, two primitive human skull fossils, 1 teeth fossils and some animal fossils were found in the cave. Nanjing Museum cooperates with Peking University Archaeological Department to carry out scientific excavation. The results show that Nanjing people lived in the geological age of the Middle Pleistocene, about 350,000 years ago, and should belong to the Homo erectus stage of human evolution in the physical development stage. The position of Nanjing people in the evolution sequence of ancient humans in China should be in the late Peking man period, but earlier than Anhui people and Hexian people. The excavation of Homo erectus in Nanjing is an important discovery in the field of paleoanthropology and paleolithic archaeology in China, which is of great significance. ?
Shitoucheng site
Stone Town Site Jiangsu Provincial Cultural Relics Protection Unit. Located at No.87, Huju Road, West Main Road, Nanjing. Covering area 19 hectare. In 333 BC, Chu Weiwang set Jinling City here to build the Stone Mountain. In the seventeenth year of Jian 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (2 12), Sun Quan changed Moling into Jianye, and built a stone town on the stone hill in the former site of Jinling City, with stone warehouses and stone warehouses to store ordnance, food and other materials. A beacon tower was built in the south of the military town of Shicheng. During the period of Yixi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the city was built of bricks and built with the "Han Tower", which was still a military center. At the end of the Tang dynasty, Shicheng was built, and the city was built according to the mountain. Because the river is a pool and the situation is dangerous, it is called "Shicheng is surrounded by tigers" in ancient times. In the 19th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1386), the ancient city of Nanjing was built to surround it. Today, the city wall still exists, and the remains of beacon towers and pavilions can still be found. 1992, Stone Town Park was built on the original site and opened to the public. ?
Chaotiansi
Jiangsu chaotiangong cultural relics protection unit. Located in Yeshan, the west end of Jianye Road, Nanjing. Covers an area of 35,000 square meters. Sitting facing south, it is built on the mountain. This place was the former site of Yecheng in the Spring and Autumn Period. In the fifteenth year of Taiyuan in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (390), Emperor Xiaowu built Yecheng Temple, and Liu and Song Dynasties established Gongming Temple in the Southern Dynasties. Since then, generations have risen and fallen. Ming Hongwu was rebuilt and renamed Chaotian Palace. Wherever there are major ceremonies and sacrifices, civil and military officials learn etiquette here. In the fifth year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1866), it was rebuilt, changed to Confucius Temple and attached to the east side of the school. The main buildings are: Wan Ren Palace Wall, Xingxingmen, Jimen, Dacheng Hall, Sage Hall, Jingyi Pavilion, Feiyun Pavilion, Feixia Pavilion and Yubei Pavilion in Houshan. Chaotian Palace is a large-scale and magnificent building, and it is a group of Ming Dynasty buildings existing in southern China. Now it is the seat of Nanjing Museum. ?
Baoshengta
Baosheng Temple Tower is a cultural relic protection unit in Jiangsu Province. Located in Shuangta Township, Gaochun County, south of Nanjing 1 10 km. Tower park covers an area of more than 4700 square meters. It was founded in 239, when Wu Dong was in Chiwu for two years. In the 17th year of Tang Zhenyuan (80 1), Baosheng Temple was built on a large scale, including the city gate, main hall, Baosheng Tower, Kannonji and other buildings, and the temple had already been destroyed. The existing tower was rebuilt in Shaoxing, Song Dynasty for four years (1 134). There are seven floors around the tower, commonly known as the "square tower", which is a brick pavilion with wooden eaves and is 3 1.5 meters high. There are no seats in the tower, and the ground floor is surrounded by verandahs. Each floor is wrapped around the eaves and sits on an equal footing. There are doors on all sides of the ground floor and the seventh floor, and the rest are relatively open, and the doors are flashing from top to bottom. Because the tower body is folded layer by layer, and the waist eaves are gentle and the brake tips are towering, the shape of the ancient pagoda is tall and slender. Although it has been repaired many times in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, most of the components are still relics of the Song Dynasty. ?
Stone carvings of tombs in southern dynasties
Stone carvings of tombs in the Southern Dynasties are national key cultural relics protection units. There are 19 43 stone carvings of Southern Dynasties tombs in Nanjing, which are distributed in the fields on both sides of Ningqi Highway and southeast of Jiangning County. The mausoleum was built in Liu Sannian (422). There are three tombs, nine princes' tombs and seven lost tombs. There are Shinto, stone pillars, stone tablets and stone beasts in front of the tomb. Stone beasts are divided into three types: Tianlu, Kirin and evil spirits. It is tall, with its head held high, its mouth sticking out, wings carved on both sides, and its four feet staggered back and forth, as if flying in a vertical step, just like the expressions of all animals in the town. The stone beasts "Dong Tianlu" and "Xi Qilin" in front of the tomb of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in Song Wudi are now well preserved. The two stone carvings are 24m apart, 3m high, 3m long and1.2m wide. Stone beast's eyes are wide open, the tip of the tongue is upturned, the forehead hair is hanging down, the wings are carved with scales and wings, and the mane is like a hook. The knife and pen are exquisite and skillful, with unique style. Shinto stone pillars are the first stone carvings in front of Xiao Jing's tomb, including one stone to ward off evil spirits and one stone pillar. The column is 6.5 meters high, with a disc-shaped top cover on the stigma and a small head to ward off evil spirits, which is vivid. The column body is round, with a column forehead on the upper part, and it is engraved with the anti-calligraphy handwriting "Gu Liang Shi Zhongfu General Kaifu Instrument and the Third Military Commander Hou Xiaogong Shinto", and the column is engraved with 20 melon ridges. This column is an important work of stone carving art in the Southern Dynasties. Xiao's tombstone is divided into three parts: forehead, body and tortoise shell, with a height of 5.6 1m, a width of 1.6m and a thickness of 0.32m On his forehead, it is engraved with the inscription "Monument to the King of Zhongwu, General Liang Yushi Stuart". The text is in regular script, with more than 2,800 words. Although slightly weathered, most of them can still be read. This is the handwriting of the famous calligrapher Bei Yiyuan. A pavilion was built for protection. The stone carvings of tombs in the Southern Dynasties occupy an extremely important position in the history of stone carving art in China. It connects the Qin and Han Dynasties and the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and is comparable to the caves in the Northern Dynasties at the same time. ?
Zheng mingjun north
Zheng Mingjun, a cultural relic protection unit in Jiangsu Province, is located north of qixia temple Mountain Gate, 20 kilometers northeast of Nanjing. Shao, a native of Shandong, was a monk in the Ming Dynasty. Liu Song successively recruited Nao Lang, joined the army, and became a member of the foreign lang, which was called "Zhao Jun". Nanqi lived in seclusion, and the house behind him was a temple called qixia temple. This monument was built in 676, the third year of the Tang Dynasty. Its full name is "Sheshan qixia temple Ming Dynasty Monument". The text was written by famous calligraphers Li Zhi, Gao and Wang Zhijing in the Tang Dynasty. The word "Qixia" inscribed by Emperor Gaozong is engraved on the back of the tablet, which is vigorous and powerful. The inscription consists of four or six sections and ends with the inscription 10. The monument is 2.74m high,1.31.26m wide and 0.26m thick. Confirmed by geological experts, the stone tablet was collected from Qixia Mountain, which is a gray rock of Qixia Formation and an animal fossil. There are more than 22,000 plum patterns on the surface of the monument, which are the stem fossils of the animal sea lily born in the shallow sea 280 million years ago and the coral fossils of China Cave. Zheng Jun Monument in Ming Dynasty is the most complete and largest Tang Monument in Nanjing, and it is also a rare fossil specimen in China. ?
thousand buddhas cliff
Jiangsu thousand Buddha cliff cultural relics protection unit. On the cliff of Qixia Mountain in the northeast of Nanjing. It is the only remaining Southern Dynasties Buddhist grottoes in Jiangsu Province. During the Yongming period of the Southern Qi Dynasty, the son of Shao in Ming Taizu carved the infinite life Buddha Guanyin and the great trend bodhisattva on both sides of the cliff for the first time, and its grottoes were called the "Infinite Hall". From then on to the Ming dynasty, the number of dynasties has increased. There are 294 large and small shrines and 5 15 large and small Buddha statues, commonly known as "Thousand Buddha Cliffs". The plane of the niche is mostly horseshoe-shaped and single room. Statue combinations include three walls and one Buddha, three walls and three Buddhas, single biography of seven bodies, five bodies and three bodies. The main themes are Amitabha, Maitreya and Thousand Buddhas, as well as Sakyamuni and seven buddha. 1924, monks painted with cement and lost their original appearance. During the "Cultural Revolution", it was looted again, and few of them were well preserved. Recently, the cement of some Buddha statues has peeled off, which shows that the stone parts are still well preserved and the clothing lines are clear. Its sculpture style is round and meticulous, beautiful and elegant, which complements Yungang and Longmen Grottoes in the Northern Dynasties. It is a treasure of ancient stone carving art in China. ?
Nantangerling
National key cultural relics protection units of the Second Mausoleum of Nantang. Located at the southern foot of Zutang Mountain in the southern suburbs of Nanjing, it is Lie Zuli in the Southern Tang Dynasty. , Zhong Zhuli? Mausoleum The two tombs are built on the mountain, with a distance of 100 meters, and they are large in scale, with three main rooms and one side room 10. The main rooms are imitation wooden house structures, beams and columns, bucket arches and painted red. Lee? The Qin Mausoleum is magnificent, with a circumference of 63.8 meters at the bottom and a height of more than 5 meters. The front and middle rooms are made of bricks and painted with vermicelli. On the lintel of Shimen in the back room, there is a big relief of "Double Dragon Playing with Fire Beads", with its head held high and its teeth bared, showing the trend of flying in the air. Below the left and right column walls, there is a stone sculpture of a warrior in relief, with his feet on Xiangyun, wearing armor and holding a sword. It looks majestic and realistic, which is daunting. The original images are all drawn in gold. At the top of the back room, there is an "astronomical map" painted with the sun, moon and stars, and the winding river is engraved on the stone slab on the ground. Lee? The shape of the mausoleum and Li? The tombs are roughly the same, but the scale is slightly smaller. The internal structure, decoration and painting art have all lost the grandeur of the early Southern Tang Dynasty. Jade mourning books and pottery figurines are the most precious cultural relics unearthed in two tombs. ?
Qixia temple stupa
Qixia temple stupa is a national key cultural relic protection unit. It is located 20km north of Nanjing, to the east of qixia temple Buddhist Scripture Building, and adjacent to Thousand Buddha Cliffs in the north. Floor space 120 m2. The relics of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty were distributed to 83 states to build towers for collection. Jiangzhou (Nanjing) won the first prize, and the tower was built at the foot of Qixia Mountain in the first year of Sui Renshou (60 1). Originally a wooden tower, it was built and carved with white stone in the Southern Tang Dynasty. The tower has five floors and eight sides, and the height is about18m. The lower part of the tower foundation is carved with patterns such as sea water, dragons and phoenixes, fish, soft-shelled turtle and sea pomegranate, and the corner post of the upper foundation altar is embossed with Lux and Li Long. Sakyamuni's road with frame relief on eight sides of his waist forms an eight-phase diagram. Above the lotus base is the tower. The first floor is high, with inclined columns at each corner, engraved with "mantras" and the front door open. Other faces are carved with statues of four heavenly kings and two bodhisattvas, Manjusri and Pu Xian. Statues such as "Flying", "Letian" and "Sacrificing People" are also engraved on the lintel under the cornice. Every maid on every floor above the second floor? Escape from Xin reef? There is a Buddha statue in the niche. The stupa is elegant and beautiful in shape, exquisitely carved, lifelike in characters and more skillful in expression than in Sui and Tang Dynasties. It can be called a masterpiece of Jiangnan stone carving art in Tang and Song Dynasties. ?
Site of Confucius Temple
Site of Confucius Temple, a cultural relic protection unit in Nanjing. Located in Gong Yuan West Street, Qinhuai River, Nanjing. Song Renzong scenery? In the first year (1034), Wang Xuan Temple in Wen Jian, commonly known as Confucius Temple, was a health official school. In the fourth year of Song Dynasty (1 168), a rural test site was built on the east side of Confucius Temple. In the past dynasties, both places were renovated and expanded. After the expansion from Gong Yuan to Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty, there were more than 20,000 test sheds, ranking first among all provinces in China. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Confucius Temple area was a gathering place for scholars and scholars, so the business was very prosperous. Most of the main buildings of the existing Confucius Temple were gradually restored in 1984, and only the 100-meter-long zhaobi is a relic of the Ming Dynasty, which is the largest existing zhaobi in China. The stone fence next to Chi Pan, Minglun Hall behind the main hall and Mingyuan Building in Gong Yuan are all buildings of the Qing Dynasty. There are 22 inscriptions in Gong Yuan in Ming and Qing Dynasties, which are cultural relics protection units in Jiangsu Province. ?
Wangde tomb
Wang De's Tomb is a cultural relic protection unit in Jiangsu Province. Fujiaqiao, Xiamiao Village, Yanziji, the northern suburb of Nanjing. Wang De, a native of Gansu, was a famous gold fighter in the Southern Song Dynasty. Emperor Gaozong died in Jiankang (now Nanjing) in the 25th year of Shaoxing (1 155). Stone tablet in front of the tomb 1, Shi Hu 65438, Shiyang 65438 and Shima 2. The monument is about 4m high,1.25m wide and 0.28m thick. The forehead is embossed with a dragon, and the bottom is lined with moire. Regular script "Song gave a tombstone to a captain." The inscription was written by Lifu, in regular script, with 55 lines and 98 words in total. Part of it was eroded, which mainly recorded Wang De's life story. Stone beasts are lifelike, standing, kneeling and beautifully carved. They are the treasures of stone carvings in the Song Dynasty. ?
Ding Lin Temple Tower
Ding Lin Temple Tower is a cultural relic protection unit in Jiangsu Province. Located at the northern foot of Fangshan Mountain in Jiangning County, about 15km south of Nanjing. Floor space 10 square meter. Ding Lin Temple and Pagoda were built in the ninth year of Southern Song Dynasty (1 173). Now that the temple has been destroyed, the tower still exists. This tower was overhauled in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The tower is a pavilion-style brick tower with eight sides and seven floors of imitation wood structure. The top of the tower has been damaged, and now it is about 12 meters high. The four sides of the tower are made of bricks to form columns, arches, doorframes and shrines that imitate wood structures. Above the second floor, each floor is surrounded by stacked brick waist eaves and flat seats, and eaves stones are corner beams. Now the tower leans to the north because the foundation of the tower is located on the volcanic eruption rock, which is caused by the slow and dense movement of the rock. Now the tower foundation is in a stable state. ?
Linggu siwu grain shop
Linggu Temple Wuliangdian Jiangsu Cultural Relics Protection Unit. Located in the east and south of Zhongshan, Nanjing. Covers an area of 2036 square meters. Linggu Temple, formerly known as Jiangshan Temple, was moved here in the Ming Dynasty because of the construction of Xiaoling Mausoleum. It was named Linggu Temple and was one of the three jungles in Nanjing in the Ming Dynasty. The temple was destroyed during the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty, leaving only one temple. Formerly known as the Infinite Hall, it was named after the worship of the Infinite Life Buddha; Because the temple was built without wood and beams, it is commonly known as "the hall without beams". The main hall is located on the top of a double-eaved mountain, with a height of 22 meters. Its internal structure is composed of three arches, of which the largest span is11.25m, with thick wall and firm structure. 1928, the national government took Wuliangtang as a memorial hall for the fallen soldiers of the National Revolutionary Army and named it "Zhengqi Hall". The walls around Wuliangtang are embedded with 1 10 "Inscriptions on the fallen soldiers of the National Revolutionary Army", engraved with the names of 33,224 fallen soldiers. ?
Mingling mausoleum
The Ming Tombs are national key cultural relics protection units. The mausoleum of Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty. Located outside Zhongshan Gate in the eastern suburb of Nanjing, at the southern foot of Purple Mountain and at the foot of Mount Everest in Dulong House. Covers an area of 6.5438+0.7 million square meters. It was built in the 14th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (138 1), and the main project was completed in the 16th year of Hongwu (1383). The whole cemetery building was not completed until the 11th year of Yongle (14 13). Zhu Yuanzhang ascended the throne in 1368 and was buried here in 1398. Ma Huanghou, Zhu Yuanzhang's wife, was first buried here, and was named "Xiaoling" because the queen gave her the word "filial piety". The Ming Mausoleum is the largest royal mausoleum in Nanjing. The original red wall has a circumference of 22.5 kilometers. From Xiamafang to Baoding, it stretches for more than ten miles, with grand layout and strict control. From front to back, there are Xiamafang, Shenlie Mountain Monument, Forbidden Monument built in Chongzhen, Dajinmen, Beiting, Du Ying Bridge, Shinto Stone Carvings, Lingxingmen, Jinshui Bridge, Wu Wen Fangmen, Dianmen, Xiaoling Hall, Baocheng Minglou and Chongqiu. All buildings only have masonry parts, and the wooden structure is burned. There are 6 species of 24 stone beasts and 8 Weng Zhong on both sides of Shinto. The pavilion is commonly called "Sifang City", and the "Shengde Monument" in the pavilion was erected by Judy for her father Zhu Yuanzhang, with a height of 8.84m, a width of 2.24m and a thickness of 0.83m, which was built in the 11th year of Yongle (14 13). There are 3 floors of Sumitomo in Xiaoling Temple, with 56 huge columns. The existing buildings were built in Tongzhi period of Qing Dynasty. Ming Lou Cheng Ji is 60 meters long from east to west and 34.22 meters wide from north to south. Finally, there are high hills surrounded by brick walls in the north. On the mound and the surrounding mountains, thousands of trees are lush and birds are singing and flowers are fragrant. The location and regulation of the mausoleum were decided by Zhu Yuanzhang, whose hidden style had a far-reaching influence on the mausoleum construction in Ming and Qing Dynasties. ?
Nanjing City Wall
Nanjing city wall national key cultural relics protection unit. Nanjing City Wall was built in the 26th year of Yuan Dynasty (1366) and completed in the 19th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1386), lasting 2 1 year. The original Miyagi and Imperial City have been destroyed, and the existing capital city walls and outer Guo Cheng. The original city wall was 34.36 kilometers long, with a height of 14 ~ 2 1 m, a width of 7 ~ 14 m and doors of 13. The existing city wall is 2 1.35km, of which 19km is relatively complete, with four city gates and one sluice 1 seat. In the architectural design of Nanjing city wall in Ming Dynasty, it changed the ancient system of square city wall in the past, adapted to local conditions, surrounded by mountains and waters, winding and undulating, showing an irregular polygon, "relying on hills and ridges to control rivers and lakes", which was very beneficial to military defense. Bricks for building city walls are made up of 28 prefectures, 1 18 counties, Ministry of Industry, Sanwei and Sanzhen, which are equivalent to Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei and Hunan provinces. In order to ensure the quality of city bricks, the names of responsible officials, kiln workers and brick makers are engraved on the city bricks. There are several existing city gates, of which Zhonghua Gate in the south gate is the most majestic and solid. The construction of Nanjing city wall is a masterpiece of ancient city wall construction technology in China, and it is also a precious object to study ancient military defense and building technology in China.
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