Historical evolution of Daiwang Town

It is recorded in "Taiping Huanyu Ji" written by Yue Shi of the Northern Song Dynasty: "The country surnamed Benqu and Jiang in Daidi was powerful on weekends and became king in front of the Seven Kingdoms." "Two Towns and Three Passes" written by Yin Geng of the Ming Dynasty records: "It was sealed by Tang Dynasty in Shang Dynasty". "Historical Records of the Zhao Family" records: "Zhao Xiangzi went north to Xiawu (now Caoduo Mountain, Dai County, Shanxi) to lure the king of Dai, and made the cook use a copper bucket to feed the king and his followers, and then poured out the Yin and ordered the slaughter of each person. After fighting against the king of Dai and his followers, he raised troops to bring peace to the land of Dai, and made the son of Bolu (brother of Zhao Xiangzi) the king of Dai." "Historical Records, The Original Records of the First Emperor" records: "King Ben of Qin destroyed Yan, but also attacked Dai and captured Wang Jia of Dai." In the first month of the sixth year of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty (201 BC), the fifty-three counties of Yunzhong, Yanmen, and Daijun were designated as vassal states, and his brother Yixinhou Liu Xi was made king of the dynasty. The capital of the country is now the ancient city of Daiwangcheng, and palaces are divided , palaces, commercial areas and residential areas. Daiwangcheng became an important vassal screen for the Han Dynasty to consolidate its military power in the north and strengthen its defense against the invasion of the Huns. But the strong city could not stop the rolling iron cavalry of the Huns in the north. In the seventh year of Emperor Gaozu (200 BC), the Xiongnu entered the dynasty in a large scale. The king Liu Xi abandoned the country and fled back. He was demoted two levels by Liu Bang and was deposed as Marquis of Heyang.

The "Book of Han" records: "Dai is located in the north of Changshan Mountain, on the border with Yi and Di. Zhao Nai is far away from the south of the mountain. There are numerous barbarian bandits, making it difficult for the country." In the same year, Liu Heng was granted the title of King of Dai. , moved the capital to Jinyang (Taiyuan), and from then on the short-lived vassal capital - Daiwang City, was destroyed by the powerful Huns cavalry from the north in just one year after the founding of the country. (1) Existing situation

The cultural relics in Daiwang Town can be divided into two categories: 1. Ancient ruins, palace areas, ancient roads, royal and noble tombs and other underground remains formed by the Shang, Zhou and War Han Dynasties 2. The rise and prosperity of war defense and trade in the Ming and Qing Dynasties resulted in the formation of four above-ground forts, four villages and four streets, as well as ancient buildings such as residences, temples, and theaters.

1. Daiwang Town is surrounded by the city walls of Daiguo City built in the early Western Han Dynasty. It is now the fourth batch of national key cultural relics protection units. The ancient city is oval in shape, 3400 meters wide from east to west and 2200 meters long from north to south. The whole city has a circumference of 9256 meters. The walls are made of rammed loess. The ramming layer is hard and clear, 250px thick, and the ramming nests are densely packed and shaped like plum blossoms. The positions of the nine gates can still be identified. According to historical records, they are Rongyang Gate (leading to Jiugongkou Valley), Xinglong Gate (leading to Feihu Pass), Baoyuan Gate, Yinghai Gate, Fulunong Gate, Wensheng Gate, and Xingpu Gate. Gate, Zhongxiu Gate and Chongde Gate, the main routes in and out of the town today are still ancient roads from the Warring Han Dynasty.

The southwest part of the town is the royal palace area of ??the Han Dynasty, covering an area of ??nearly 50,000 square meters. The palace area is located on a layer of high platform, and its cultural connotation is very rich. On the cliff, you can see the palace foundation, sacrificial human bones, ash pits, building tubes and tiles, and domestic basins, bowls, pots, cans, beans, etc. Utensils can be seen everywhere and are piled up in large quantities. The cultural layer in the palace area is more than 3 meters thick. Han pottery fragments from the Civil War in the city are everywhere, and relics are everywhere. They are important physical materials for studying the culture of the ancient times.

The city wall is still intact and ranges in height from 3 to 12 meters. The southern city wall is the best preserved. Rows of round holes can be seen outside the wall, traces of the sticks used to build the city. There are 11 horse faces distributed outside the wall for defense against enemies. This architectural form of mounting horse faces on the city wall first began in the early Han Dynasty. According to documentary records and field archaeological surveys, there is no doubt that the city of Daiwang City was built during the period of Emperor Gaozu in the early Han Dynasty.

There are many ancient springs distributed in the city, all of which are small branches of the Huliu River. The surrounding area is an important area for ancient human life. Among them, the Mi River originates from the southwest of the city, flows through the Zhongxiu Gate (West Gate) of the ancient city and merges into the Huliu River. The Jinbo Spring flows through the Wensheng Gate (North Gate) and flows into the Huliu River through the Dashui Gate head. The Menzhuan Spring comes out of the Yinghai Gate and passes through the water. Beicun flows into Huliu River.

There are 63 tombs of the Han Dynasty scattered on the east, south and west sides of the ancient city, all of which were tombs of the royal family and nobles at that time.

2. Daiwang Town is composed of four commercial streets in the east, south, west and north, as well as four forts and four villages. They are South Fort, East Fort, Dabao and West Fort. Southeast Village, Xiaodong Village, Xizhuang, Xinzhuang. The township covers an area of ??approximately 134.24 hectares.

Three Forts were formed in the middle and early Ming Dynasty, and Yibao, Sizhuang and Fourth Street were formed in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties.

The market layout is four market and trade streets located in the town, distributed in the shape of a "kou". Historically, shops and shops were located along the streets.

The layout of Zhuangbao is distributed around the blocks. In the north is Sanbao and Yizhuang. From east to west, they are Dongbao (Daisan Village), Dabao (Daier Village), Xibao (Daiyi Village), Xizhuang (Daiyi Village), and the rest. One Castle and Three Villages, namely Southeast Village in the southeast, Xiaodong Village in the east, Nanbao in the south, and Xinzhuang in the southwest. The three ancient castles in the north have a long history. They were built in the Zhengde and Jiajing periods of the Ming Dynasty. The background was built to defend against the invasion of the northern Tatar and Oara remnant forces. According to the "Weizhou Chronicles": The Tatars during the Zhengde and Jiajing periods never invaded and never had peace. After the country was unified in the early Qing Dynasty, these castles lost their former functions. Then came the opening of the North-South Tea Horse Trade Road, and the rise and prosperity of commercial trade. Due to the development of the economy and the increase of population, four villages and markets were gradually formed in the early Qing Dynasty. Built in the early Qing Dynasty, the Temple of Wealth, three theaters and the Crystal Palace are located in the downtown area. In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the wars and wars disappeared, and were replaced by the peaceful scene of singing and dancing on the theater. From the side, it also reflects the social stability and economic prosperity in the early Qing Dynasty.

Sibao, Sizhuang and Sitiao Commercial Street, due to their different historical and cultural origins, have preserved their unique features, reflecting the diversity of farming, commerce, and religious culture in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. They are now selected separately. The introduction is as follows:

East Fort: Built in the mid-Ming Dynasty, the fort is square in plan, with a side length of 200 meters, and the fort wall is made of rammed loess. The fort gate is located in the middle of the south wall and has been destroyed. A main street from north to south is located on the central axis, with three lanes on the east side and two lanes on the west side. There are one street and five lanes in the fort, and there are ancient residences everywhere, most of which are in the layout of a courtyard. The architectural form is hard top and rolled roof, including 1 in the Ming Dynasty and 9 in the Qing Dynasty. The Zhang Family Courtyard, located in the front row on the east side of the street, is a quadrangle of the Zhang family. Historically, the Zhang family was mainly engaged in farming and was very wealthy. Its founder, Zhang Wenfan, was fond of charity. During the Shunzhi period, he funded the renovation of the rear temple, and his ancestral hall is located at Under the south wall outside the fort, an ancestral hall is dedicated to one of his ancestors, and another to a long-term worker who once worked in the Zhang family. This long-term worker is said to be the "reincarnation of the black dragon", which is quite legendary and mysterious. From the side, it reflects the Zhang family's respect for the lower-level long-term workers.

The Governor's Courtyard of Majia, located in the northwest corner of the back street, is the only existing Ming Dynasty residence in the fort. The existing courtyard and main house are built with large materials, and the courtyard has three rooms and a six-purlin rolling roof. The main house has five rooms on the top of a hard hill, with an inverted "concave" shape in plan.

Dabao (Second Village): Weizhou Fort, located on a platform, is the oldest ancient castle among the four castles. The castle is square in shape, with a side length of 250 meters. The castle wall is made of rammed loess and opens to the south. The door has a brick coupon structure with three coupons and three coupons. The coupon is inlaid with a stone plaque and the two characters "ancient" are engraved in regular script. The small inscription is "originally built in the second year of Zhengde and rebuilt in the tenth year of Jiajing." There used to be an urn outside the south gate, which opened to the east gate, but it has been destroyed. In the south of the castle, there is a Guandi Temple facing north and south, as well as stone tablets from Kangxi and Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty. Among them, the Yongzheng Holy Edict Monument is about the investigation and prosecution of the Jiangnan tax corruption case during the Yongzheng period, which has extremely high historical value.

There is one main street from north to south and six east and west lanes in the fort, which are distributed in a fishbone pattern. There are 16 ancient houses in the fort, including 3 from the Ming Dynasty and 13 from the Qing Dynasty. Among them, the one located in the east lane of the back street The former residence of Hao Jie, Minister of War of the Ming Dynasty, now has three courtyards. The main building has a hard-mounted tile roof and a front porch, and the courtyard has a rolling shed roof. It was Hao Jie's residence before he became an official. Most of the remaining ancient dwellings are those that enter the courtyard house.

There is an ancient locust tree surrounded by several people on the main street due north of the fort. It has lush branches and leaves and is nearly a thousand years old.

West Fort: The castle is rectangular in plan, 150 meters long from north to south, and 180 meters wide from east to west. The streets and lanes are distributed in a fishbone pattern. The south gate has been destroyed, and a Yuhuang Pavilion was originally built on the north castle wall. , the platform foundation still exists. There is a Ksitigarbha Temple in the east of the fort, which was built during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty. On the right side of the fort, there is an inverted Guanyin Hall and a Dragon King Temple. They have a hard hill with tiled roof, in the style of front and rear mandarin ducks. Opposite there is a Qing Dynasty theater building.

The castle was built during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, and the castle building was rebuilt in the 24th year of Qianlong's reign. There are 35 ancient residences from the Ming and Qing Dynasties existing in the fort, 4 from the Ming Dynasty and 31 from the Qing Dynasty. Mainly the courtyards upon entering, most of the building structures are hard-mounted and rolled-up roofs. Among them, there is a courtyard in the west of Qian Street, with a main door facing the street, three purlins and a bright style. There are horse stones, horse bolts and other stone carvings outside the door, which fully shows the prominent status of the owner.

Nanbao: Nanbao was built in the early Qing Dynasty. Due to its geographical location, the fort is inverted style, with the gate opening to the north, and an inverted Guanyin Hall built in the middle of the main street on the south wall. The fort is square in shape with a side length of 200 meters. The fort gate has a brick coupon structure with three volts and three coupons. It has a north-south main street and six east-west lanes in a fishbone style. There are 9 ancient residential courtyards in the fort, all of which were built in the Qing Dynasty.

The remaining four villages were formed in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Except for the southeast village, which still has more than 10 large courtyards, the other three villages are all modern buildings.

The four main streets formed in the early Qing Dynasty are located in the center of the town and are distributed in the shape of a "kou". They are important trading shops and markets in Daiwang City. There is an existing "Crystal Palace" on West Street. The Qing Dynasty building faced east and west. The "Liu Ba Style" pharmacy was built during the Republic of China. It is an ancient building that combines Chinese and Western styles. There are currently 6 ancient shops on East Street. They are all Qing Dynasty buildings with hard hills and tiled roofs.

There are also many ancient temples and ancient theaters scattered in the town. There used to be 8 ancient theaters in history, and 3 of them still exist. These temples and theaters have high historical and artistic value. The three-sided theater is an isolated example among the many theaters in Yu County. It is now being declared as a provincial key cultural relic protection unit. Facing the temple on three sides, the design is clever and reasonable. The theater seats face east from the west, facing the Temple of Wealth in the east as the main stage, and the opera will be performed on September 17th. The north and south are the auxiliary stages, facing the Fire Temple in the south for singing on the fifth day of May, and facing the Dragon King Temple in the north, singing on the eighth day of June.

The Dragon King Temple to the north was built in the early Ming Dynasty. It hangs on the top of the mountain, has a corridor in front of five beams, three brackets, and painted forehead beams with high artistic value. The hall is the oldest existing wooden structure building in the ancient town of Daiwangcheng.

(2) Value characteristics

1. The Daiwang City site was rated as a provincial key cultural relics protection unit in 1982 and is now a national key cultural relics protection unit. Ancient ruins are everywhere in the town. It can be seen that the palace area is rich in relics, which is an important physical material for studying and discussing ancient culture.

2. Daiwang Town is located on the site of the ancient city, with profound historical and cultural heritage. The layout of village fort buildings and streets and shops retains the pattern of the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

3. The existing three-sided theater building in the town, the early Ming Dynasty wooden Dragon King Temple, Dizang Temple, Caishen Temple, Yongzheng Holy Oracle Monument, large and small fortresses, a large number of ancient houses and other relics all contain relics. A large amount of historical and cultural information has important historical research value.

Historic site protection plan

The value and importance of the ancient town block lies not only in each of its individual buildings, but more importantly in its original layout and the castles, The overall style including streets, lanes, houses and folk customs, as well as the ancient city sites, palace ruins and other related relics including ancient Guo and Daijun cultures. The town party committee and government attach great importance to protection and management. In 2005, a cultural town protection and management agency was established, and the future development, protection and management of the cultural town were included in the agenda of the leadership team. According to the "Urban and Rural Planning Law of the People's Republic of China" and the "Cultural Relics Protection Law of the People's Republic of China" and combined with the actual situation, the implementation regulations for the protection and management of ancient towns were formulated, and the Urban and Rural Construction College of Hebei Agricultural University was hired to issue the " "Daiwangcheng Historical and Cultural Town Protection Plan" incorporates cultural relic protection into urban development planning. Practical management measures have been formulated for the protection and development of the ancient town in the future.

The requirements of the ancient town protection plan for the historical block protection projects are: 1. The core content is to protect the overall style of the ancient town block; 2. The basic content is the construction of block infrastructure, including streets and lanes, water supply and drainage, and the environment. Remediation etc. 3. Divide key protected blocks and construction control zones; 4. Protect historical relics and draw three protection areas: points, lines, and surfaces. Points are important cultural relics sites, lines are major cultural ancient streets, city walls, and surfaces. That is, there are pieces of ancient dwellings, temple building complexes, large ruins in the palace area, etc. 5. Take the long-term policy of protecting old towns, building new districts, population control, and industry guidance.

Folk customs and sentiments

The large market towns formed in the history of Yuzhou each have their own characteristics. Among them, the market in Daiwangcheng is held every two and seven times. Because it is located in Hechuan District, it is used as a market town. White hemp trade was the main business, with more than 10 white hemp shops opened in history. Hemp traders from Tianjin, Beijing, Baoding and Bashang gathered in Daiwang City, and white hemp from all over the county also flocked to Daiwang City.

The four streets are lined with shops and busy merchants. In addition, the streets are full of bakeries, hotels, butchers, iron houses and grocery stalls. To this day, the market trade of Daiwangcheng still plays an important role in communicating the commodity economy and material exchange.

In the history of Yu County, there has been a drought for ten years. People pray for rain for good weather and good harvests. Many villages have Dragon King temples. The folk custom of praying for rain in Daiwang Town has a long history and has been preserved. It is a mysterious and rare folk activity that captures the ancient cultural heritage. The Qijia Zhang family in Daisan Village was a large family in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is said that the Qijia Zhang family once hired a long-term worker from Nanshan. The long-term worker had a black complexion, was tall and strong, could eat and drink, and worked very diligently. The construction period was about to expire. Before leaving, the long-term worker told the Zhang family that if there was a drought, they could go to the Black Dragon Pond in Nanshan Pavilion to get water. This long-term worker of the Zhang family is the reincarnation of the legendary black dragon, and the owner Zhang Qingquan descended to earth as the God of Grain. Of course, legends are legends after all. It can be seen that after the Zhang family became rich, they respected the poor long-term workers. The Zhang family has always been charitable and charitable. They have retained the method of raining since the Shunzhi period of the Qing Dynasty. Whenever there is a drought, the Zhang family brings ancestral vases and carries them in a sedan chair. Lord Shanglong, accompanied by two children from the Qijia Zhang family, passed through Nanyangzhuang and went to the Black Dragon Pond in Nanshan Pavilion to pray for rain. He put the water back in a small bottle and placed it in the Dragon King Temple for worship. Within three days, there will be sweet rain. It is said that it will rain very much. Effective. The Zhang family keeps vases for praying for rain and tablets for worshiping the six gods.

The most unique folk custom is to worship the Hail God on the seventh day of February every year. According to legend, it has a history of 600 years. Fireworks must be set off at 8 pm on the seventh day of February every year in the southwest of the town to pray for good weather and good weather in the coming year. A bumper harvest.

These two ancient folk customs continue to this day. These folk customs formed in history reflect from the side that the ancient town of Daiwangcheng attaches great importance to agricultural production and focuses on the tradition of farming culture. On the one hand, it is necessary to pray for rain to prevent drought, and on the other hand, it is necessary to worship the Hail God to prevent hail disasters. People pray for good weather. , the desire for a better life is obvious in folk customs.

In short, the ancient town of Daiwangcheng has a long history and rich cultural connotations. Even after many years, it still preserves a large number of cultural relics and historic sites. It is an ideal place for studying ancient Chinese culture, Ming and Qing commerce, northern castle architecture, temples, and houses. Important physical data of the building.