Huang Taiji also added a special rule: from now on, all relatives are not allowed to have contact with Mangguji, otherwise they will be punished. In this way, Mangguji's family was completely isolated

Huang Taiji also added a special rule: from now on, all relatives are not allowed to have contact with Mangguji, otherwise they will be punished. In this way, Mangguji's family was completely isolated. The cause of this turmoil was originally because of Mangguji’s interference in Hauge’s marriage. However, what is puzzling is that in addition to Mangguji herself being severely punished, her relative-brother Dege Lei, her two sons-in-law Yue Tuo and Hao Ge were also punished because, as relatives of Mang Guji, they failed to draw a clear line with her. Just 8 days later, Dege suddenly fell ill and died at the age of 40.

Derge Lei died under strange circumstances, and three years before that (the sixth year of Tiancong, 1632), his brother Mang Gurtai also died of a sudden illness. Mang Gurtai, Daishan, Amin, and Huang Taiji were originally one of the four Baylors. When Nurhaci died, Huang Taiji was supported. Although Mang Gurtai agreed with the opinions, he was not convinced in his heart. The conflict between the two is getting worse day by day. In August of the fifth year of Tiancong (1631), the Hou Jin army besieged Dalinghe City. Because his troops suffered heavy casualties, Mang Gurtai asked Huang Taiji to call back the sentry troops, and the two had a fierce quarrel. Huang Taiji accused Mang Gurtai of often disobeying orders and delaying the opportunity to fight. Mang Gurtai responded tit for tat, threatening that every time he sent out troops, he would always deploy more of his subordinates than other Baylor. The conflict between the two has been going on for a long time, and this outbreak is just a natural outcome. Mang Gurtai was so angry that he couldn't help but draw out his sword more than five inches long and was pushed out of the tent by everyone. That night, Mang Gurtai kowtowed to apologize for drinking too much on an empty stomach and talking arrogantly. Huang Taiji was unreasonable and refused to accept it. Soon, in the name of Da Beile's Daishan and all the Beile's leaders, he was convicted and named "Yu Qian Revealed the Blade", and in the name of Da Beile, he was deprived of five cattle and his personal belongings, and was fined 10,000 taels of silver and horses. In December of the next year, Mang Gurtai died of a sudden illness.

According to the official records of the Qing Dynasty, the two brothers had exactly the same symptoms before their death. They were both "unable to speak" and died very painfully. They only said it was a "violent illness". After all, they died of anger. , or he was poisoned to death, but he was vague. However, one thing is clear, that is, Huang Taiji and the Mangguji family are not simple personal grudges, but an unforgettable hatred based on a power struggle.

Hauge is the eldest son of Huang Taiji, and Yu Mangguji is his nephew and son-in-law. Although they are close relatives, they are incompatible enemies. Hauge is caught in the middle. The love between father and son, the love between aunt and nephew, and the love between husband and wife are intertwined. They are constantly cut and confused, making him in a dilemma and making mistakes at every turn.

What Hauge didn’t expect was that just as the dust settled over his wife’s marriage, a bigger wave roared over. At the end of the ninth year of Tiancong (1636), the case of Mang Gurtai's rebellion with his younger sister Mang Guji and his younger brother Degerei was reported by Mang Guji's family members during his lifetime. Mangguji and Di Degelei burned their oaths in front of the Buddha statue, plotting evil intentions. Then when the house was searched, 16 more wooden seals were found, with the inscription "Seal of the Emperor of the Jin Kingdom". This was regarded as conclusive evidence that Mang Gurtai was plotting to usurp the throne. The Zhubeile meeting believed that the culprit Mang Gurtai was "rebellious and immoral" and should have been killed (cut to pieces with a knife, similar to Lingchi's execution). However, Mang Gurtai and his younger brother Degerei were already dead, so it was decided Their tombs were destroyed and their bones scattered; Mangguji and Manggurtai's son Ebilun was executed. Huang Taiji was unwilling to give up, and immediately severely suppressed Mang Gurtai's associates. A defector reported to Ming Dynasty officials: "The two families were fighting each other. The fourth prince (Huang Taiji) killed all three sons of the eldest prince, Mang Wuerdai (Mang Gurtai), and also killed an important person involved. More than a thousand people."

Hauge had just been punished for his relationship with Mangguji, but he was still frightened. Regarding this earth-shattering case, he did not dare to slack off at all. He sized up the situation and quickly stated his position on the fire: "I am the emperor's son, and my wife's mother wants to murder the emperor's father. How can I How about living with the woman who murdered the emperor's father?" Then he killed his wife with his own hands. As the saying goes, "One day brings a hundred days of kindness to a couple." What's more, he and his wife have a cousin relationship. They have been close to each other since childhood. After marriage, they have been inseparable and have a deep relationship. It would be a lie to say that Hauge has no feelings for his wife, and it is probably not true to say that he is cruel.

Judging from Hauge's life, whether he was on expeditions or in life, there was no record of being cruel or violent. However, his father Khan's will was supreme and irresistible. Hauge was really forced to do this murderous act.

Huang Taiji didn’t express anything about his son’s murder of his wife. He probably approved of it in his heart, so when distributing Mang Gurtai’s property, he gave Hauge many benefits. First, he gave him eight The first is to adapt the Zhenglan Banner originally belonging to Mang Gurtai and appoint him as the Heshuobele of the banner. Immediately afterwards, he was promoted to Prince Heshuosu. In this way, in just a few months, Hauge became one of the six princes of Heshuo with a powerful banner (the other five are Prince Heshuoli Daishan, Prince Heshuozheng Jierhalang, and Prince Heshuorui Dole Gun, Prince Duduo of Heshuo Yu, and Prince Yue Tuo of Heshuocheng). As the eldest son of the emperor, Hauge has a bright future and unlimited glory among the Baylors.

However, the joy brought by his promotion did not seem to calm Hauge's guilt for killing his wife. This may be mixed with his yearning for his aunt and mother-in-law Mangguji. He often got together with his cousin Yue Tuo, who had the same illness, to complain, and expressed dissatisfaction with Huang Taiji's handling of the Mangguji case. There is no airtight wall in the world, and their actions were quickly reported to Huang Taiji. So Long Yan was furious and in August of the first year of Chongde (1636), he instructed the kings to discuss the punishment of Hauge and Yue Tuo. As a result of the meeting of the kings, it was determined that Hauge and Yue Tuo had formed a party and resented the emperor (Huang Taiji). However, when discussing how to punish Yue Tuan and Hauge, there were differences of opinion. Half of the people advocated execution, and the other half advocated imprisonment. Finally, Huang Taiji made the decision, saying: "Although they have different intentions towards me, if I kill them, they will bring bad reputation. One of them is my son, and the other is my nephew. I should treat them with tolerance." Although Hauge and Yue Tuan were spared from death, they were still severely punished by being demoted from the prince's title to Baylor (downgraded two levels in a row) and fined a thousand taels of silver. It had only been eight months since Hauge had been granted the title of Prince Su, and he encountered such a setback. One can imagine his frustration. From then on, he became more cautious about what he said in front of others and behind his back, and no longer dared to make any mistakes.

Hauge's life should have been much smoother, but he was deeply implicated because of his marriage to the Manggu Ji family. Hauge's original marriage to Mangguji's daughter was probably arranged by his father Khan, but the bitter consequences were destined to be swallowed by him.

In the fourth year of Chongde (1639), Hauge and Dorgon led their troops to conquer the Ming Dynasty and returned to Shengjing in triumph, presenting gold, silver and jewelry to Dugong Hall. The emperor was very happy and restored his title of Prince Su. In the book given to him, it was written: "You were convicted in the past, and since then you have repeatedly captured the city and defeated the enemy and made great achievements. Therefore, I still give you the seal and reinstate you as Prince Su." At this time, it had been before he was demoted. for three years.

◎Character and destiny: the root cause of the loss of the throne

On the ninth day of August in the eighth year of Chongde (1643), Huang Taiji died suddenly without establishing an heir. Hauge unsuccessfully competed with his uncle Dorgon for the throne, which became the second major setback in his life.

In terms of the imperial succession system, the Manchu rulers in the early Qing Dynasty were significantly different from the previous Han dynasties. The succession of the throne in the Han feudal dynasties was generally carried out according to the principle of direct eldest son, that is, the emperor designated the eldest among the direct princes as the future heir during his lifetime. Although this system often enables a mediocre prince to ascend to the throne of great wealth and rule the world with the qualification of heir apparent, at least at the time of transfer of supreme power, it provides the parties involved with a code of conduct that must be followed, so as not to cause major conflicts or turmoil. What is very different from this situation is that when the Manchus emerged in Liaodong, the system was primitive and had the traditional imprint of the tribal era. There were no certain rules for the succession of the throne. Huang Taiji succeeded to the throne through a collective meeting and recommendation of the nobles, which reflected the power of the old tradition. But this same power laid the seeds for the royal struggle after Huang Taiji's violent death.

As early as Huang Taiji's lifetime, the kings had begun to form factions and fight endlessly. Therefore, North Korea had long foreseen that "there will be fighting for power in the future." At that time, there were seven princes and princes, namely Prince Li Daishan, Prince Zheng Jierhalang, Prince Rui Dorgon, Prince Su Hauge, Prince Wuying Azige, Prince Yu Duduo, and Prince Duoluo. Adali. Among them, those who have the power to compete for the throne are Dorgon and Hauge.

Just imagine, how could a man who killed his beloved wife have moral power? How can it be possible to dominate the world and convince others with virtue? He claims to be a "little man of virtue", but he is actually quite self-aware. Furthermore, among the 15 famous concubines of Huang Taiji, the most prestigious are the concubines of the Five Palaces (i.e. Qingning Palace, Guanju Palace, Linzhi Palace, Yanqing Palace, and Yongfu Palace) who were granted the title in the first year of Chongde. , are all Mongolian, Hauge's biological mother and step-concubine Uranala is not among them. Among Huang Taiji's 11 sons, Hauge was not the most noble, but he was the oldest, so his claim to be "poorly blessed" was not unreasonable.

As a result of the competition, 6-year-old Fulin inherited the throne. He was ranked ninth among the Huang Taiji disciples and received no salary for any merit, but he had a good mother with a high status - Wei Concubine Zhuang of Yongfu Palace, one of the five concubines, was a famous concubine who lived through four dynasties (Taizu Dynasty, Taizong Dynasty, Shizu Dynasty, Shengzu Dynasty), protected two emperors (Shunzhi Emperor Fulin, Kangxi Emperor Xuanye) Queen Xiaozhuang. Therefore, in terms of blessings, Fulin ascended the throne at the age of 6, so he can probably be called "blessed".

In terms of personal gains and losses, in this battle, Hauge not only missed the throne, but also laid hidden dangers for future murders because he offended Dorgon, so he was the biggest victim. . Fulin is the biggest beneficiary, for the reasons mentioned above. Looking at Dorgon again, although he did not succeed in coveting the throne, subsequent developments proved that his promotion to regent provided a broad space for him to display his grand ambitions and extraordinary talents. In just two or three years, his power, prestige, and status not only surpassed Hauge, but also surpassed the founding fathers such as Prince Li Daishan and Prince Zheng Jierhalang, and became the true master of the Qing Dynasty. From this perspective, Dorgon lost small gains and gained big gains, and he was also the beneficiary of this battle.

Faced with the treacherous situation and numerous difficulties before and after the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, if the burden of the country really fell on Hauge's shoulders, it would be a disaster. It was only because of Dorgon's talent, strategy and foresight that the Qing Dynasty entered the Pass with great momentum, wiped out the heroes, and unified the world. Therefore, it was his personal misfortune that Hauge missed the throne, and it was also a great blessing for the Qing Dynasty.

Nephew and Uncle: What is it like to fry bean sprouts?

Hauge was unwilling to lose his throne. He did not blame himself, but vented his depression. When it came to Dorgon, it triggered the third major setback in his life.

In April of the first year of Shunzhi (1644), seven months after Fulin came to the throne, He Luohui, Gushan Ezhen of the Zhenglan Banner (the highest general of the Eight Banners) led by Hauge, came forward to accuse Hao. He "had evil intentions" and exposed that he often spread unfavorable remarks about Dorgon, such as saying, "Prince Rui is prone to illness, so how can he end up serving as regent?" He also said, "Prince Rui is not a blessed person, but a sick person. How long does it take to live his life?" He even threatened everywhere: "Can't I (Hauge) slit the neck of a senior citizen with my hands and kill him?" At that time, the Qing Dynasty was preparing to enter the customs in a large scale. The whole country should have shared the same hatred, but Hauge's spreading of these rumors was obviously unpopular. Dorgon took advantage of the situation to attack Hauge. He summoned all the kings and ministers for a trial. Hauge's confidant Gushan'er Zhen'omoketu, and the ministers Yang Shan, Yichengge, Luo Shuo, etc. were all executed for "attending the king to cause chaos". Hauge himself almost died. Minister Zhu Beile asked Hauge to be killed. It was only because the young emperor Fulin cried all day long and refused to eat because he was thinking about his elder brother's flesh and blood that Hauge was saved from death. However, Hauge was confiscated and fined five thousand silver. Two, abolished as a severe punishment for common people.

In October of the same year, Fulin moved from Shengjing to Beijing, where he held an enthronement ceremony again and granted various titles to the kings. Thinking of his elder brother Hauge's achievements, he still restored his title of Prince Su. However, after this setback, Hauge's strength has been seriously damaged and his reputation is not as good as before.

In March of the third year of Shunzhi (1646), Hauge was appointed General Jingyuan and led the army from Shaanxi to Sichuan, beginning the most glorious military performance in his life. In Sichuan, he defeated the Daxi Army led by Zhang Xianzhong. When the Qing army entered Xichong, it was foggy. Zhang Xianzhong was headstrong and did not believe in the speed of the Qing army, so he did not take precautions. When the Hauge army suddenly arrived, Zhang Xianzhong was shot in the heart with an arrow in a hurry and died immediately.

So later generations fabricated a ridiculous story that was widely circulated, saying that Zhang Xianzhong removed a stone tablet from an ancient pagoda. The inscription read:

The builder was Yu Hualong, and the demolisher was Zhang Xianzhong.

No bamboo is needed to play the flute, an arrow pierces the chest.

Yu Hualong was a war general of the Ming Dynasty. He died in the Battle of Sarhu in the 47th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (the fourth year of Tianming in the Later Jin Dynasty, 1619). The so-called "bamboo is not used to play the flute" refers to the word "Xiao" without the prefix "Bamboo" to become the word "Su", which means that Zhang Xianzhong's death by Prince Su's arrow had already been foreshadowed. Fan Bin of the Qing Dynasty wrote in "Miscellaneous Odes of Yandu":

A famous king shows his great achievements, and his horse and hyena recognize his title.

There are no flute-playing bamboos, only pine trees and canopy trees.

"Mingwang" refers to Hauge. "Yangai pine" refers to the giant pine growing on the Hauge cemetery. With branches spread across the ground and green shade, supported by red painted wooden frames, it became a grand scene in the capital city of the Qing Dynasty (the site is located in Jinsong Community in the southeast of today's Beijing). ). In fact, it was not Hauge who shot Zhang Xianzhong to death, but his subordinate Yabulan. Yabulan is a marksman.

In Sichuan, Hauge had a relationship with the famous Jesuit missionaries Li Leisi and Anwensi. In the early years of the Republic of China, French missionary Gu Luodong wrote the book "The Holy Religion Enters Sichuan" in Chinese based on the church archives and Chinese historical materials they left behind. The book records the many interactions between Li Leisi, Anwensi and Hauge. So, what kind of person does Haug look like in the eyes of missionaries?

Have a strong interest in Western technology. The two missionaries were captured by the Qing soldiers on their way to escape. Because of their strange appearance, they were sent to the commander-in-chief, Prince Su. Hauge asked the missionaries about their knowledge of machines, and also instructed them to explain the astronomical texts in detail and translate them into Manchu. After reading it, Hauge was "very surprised. He thought it was something he had never heard of, something he had never seen before, and he praised it endlessly." Emperor Shunzhi once served as missionary Tang Ruowang as the Imperial Heavenly Supervisor, whom he respected as "Mafa" (meaning "grandfather" in Manchu). He often sought advice on astronomy, calendar and other aspects. Emperor Kangxi was also widely known for his obsession with Western technology. Know. If we say that Hauge was one of the Manchu princes who developed a keen interest in Western technology earlier, that would be a good guess.

Treat missionaries with courtesy. Hauge had long-term contacts with Western missionaries. He was very familiar with the famous missionary Tang Ruowang when he was in the capital, so Tang Ruowang asked him to protect the missionaries after they arrived in Sichuan. Haug fulfilled his promise and "favoured the missionaries very much. He gave them meat and rice every day and took good care of them." The two priests were deeply impressed by Hauge's "generous kindness" and praised him highly. During one conversation, the missionary mentioned that one of their Chinese servants was lost while fleeing, and his life or death was uncertain. Hauge immediately ordered people to quickly go to each camp to search for him with arrows. It turned out that this man was captured by a bannerman. The bannerman was reluctant to send him back at first, but later he heard that King Su had ordered him to send the servant back in person. From Hauge's interactions with missionaries, we may learn about his considerate side.

Military discipline is strict. During a march, Li Leisi was hungry and rummaged through the vegetable fields on the side of the road for food to satisfy his hunger. He was seen by the flag soldiers and thought it was a Han man trespassing on someone else's land, so he aimed his bow and arrow at him. The flag soldiers blocked him, and Li Lei thought he had been hit by an arrow. Later, the bannermen explained to the priest (priest), "You must not go off the road and violate military regulations by mistake, or you may encounter unexpected events." This shows that Prince Su manages the army in a strict manner and the soldiers dare not violate it. This should be one of the reasons why the Qing army was invincible in the campaign to suppress Zhang Xianzhong's Western Army.

In February of the fifth year of Shunzhi (1648), Hauge led his army to the capital. Emperor Shunzhi personally held a banquet in the Hall of Supreme Harmony to reward his eldest brother and generals who had returned triumphantly after a long journey. Hauge was also overjoyed to reunite with his brothers after a long absence. However, what followed was the fourth and last major setback in his life.

Hauge only enjoyed a month of freedom after returning to Beijing before he was reported. First, a group of nobles headed by Beizi Tunqi reported Prince Zheng Jierhalang. Among Luo Zhi's various charges, two were related to Hauge: one was that when Huang Taiji died, he "plotted to establish King Su" ( Hauge) is the king" and "good at planning big things"; secondly, he favored Hauge who was dismissed from his title and allowed Hauge's wife to walk in front of the blessings of Prince Duduo of Yu and Prince Azige of England. And came to the conclusion that Jierhalang "conspired with King Su, felt pity, and overstepped his orders."

Jierhalang, Prince Zheng, was sentenced to death, but was later given a lighter sentence, demoted to a county prince, and fined 5,000 taels of silver. During his lifetime, Huang Taiji was very kind to Jierharang, and Jierhalang also took great care of Hauge. Prince Zheng lost power, Hauge lost his last protective umbrella, his lips were broken and his teeth were cold, and the ending can be imagined.

Two days after dealing with Jierhalang, Dorgon convened a meeting of kings and ministers to discuss the issue of Hauge. At this time, Dorgon, the regent, had all the power and was the only one who respected himself. Even Emperor Shunzhi was unable to do anything to him, and the kings and ministers even looked up to him and were obedient. So Hauge was sentenced to death for minor crimes such as protecting a general, pretending to be a military leader, and wanting to promote the criminal's brother. Dorgon hypocritically expressed his intolerance, and the kings and ministers tried to figure out Dorgon's intention and repeatedly reported it. They even cited "Taizu's eldest son (i.e. Chu Ying) had behaved like this and was rebellious and placed it under the law of the country" as a precedent, insisting on severe punishment. In the end, Hauge was spared his death, imprisoned in prison, stripped of his title, and confiscated his subordinates.

Hauge was in prison, and his life was worse than death. He was so desperate that he said to people: "Just release me, otherwise, I will stone these guys to death!" Soon, he died in prison due to anger at the age of 40.

As for the cause of Hauge's death, in addition to "died in prison", there are also different versions such as "suicide" or "murder" by Dorgon. Xin Xiuming mentioned in "Memories of the Old Eunuch": Hauge returned to Beijing in triumph, and the emperor sent a regent to greet him outside Yongding Gate. As usual, Prince Su first paid a visit to the emperor's uncle (Dorgon). Unexpectedly, ambushes appeared and swords fell from all directions. Prince Su's eunuch Wang Zhong threw himself on Hauge and was chopped into pieces together with him. During the burial, the flesh and blood cannot be separated and are put together in the same coffin. In later generations, the palace of Prince Su used eunuchs, and they were only allowed to use them, and they were not allowed to beat or scold them, because Wang Zhong was martyred with the king and were buried together. But this statement is not very credible. After all, Hauge was the eldest son of Taizong and a military commander with outstanding military exploits. On the day of his victory, he was hacked to death by the regent's men indiscriminately. If this is the case, even the high-ranking Dorgon would not be able to explain to the emperor, the kings and the people of the world. Moreover, this is not in line with Dorgon's consistent style of being agile, flexible, careful and cautious when facing difficult problems.

Dorgon forced Hauge to death and made Fujin his concubine. He seemed to have a guilty conscience, so he took great care of Hauge's son Fushou and even let him serve as a post in his mansion. School shooting. Dorgon's close confidant He Luohui didn't understand this and said: "Seeing this person makes people feel heartbroken, why not get rid of him?" Dorgon replied: "Because you don't know that I love and protect him. "In this way, Hauge's son survived.

Dorgon forced Hauge to death and took advantage of the situation to take the Zhenglan Banner under his name as his own. Soon, his younger brother, Prince Duduo of Yu, died of acne. Dorgon actually led the three flags of two white and one blue, forming an unrivaled strength in the court.

Two years later, Dorgon died suddenly, and the young Emperor Shunzhi took charge ahead of schedule. Nian's eldest brother Hauge died unjustly, so he was vindicated, restored to the title of Prince Heshuosu, and a monument was erected to commend his life achievements. In the thirteenth year (1656), the posthumous title "武" was added. Among the Manchu nobles in the Qing Dynasty, Hauge was the first prince to be given a posthumous title in accordance with Han custom. In the forty-third year of Qianlong's reign (1778), Hauge was worthy of the Imperial Ancestral Temple due to his achievements in founding the country.

The residence of Prince Su Hauge in the early Qing Dynasty was located on the east bank of Yudai Bridge (today's east of Zhengyi Road in Dongjiaomin Lane). There were 10 palace lords living here before and after. In the Gengzi Year (1900), the Eight-Power Allied Forces invaded Beijing, and the palace was destroyed by fire. The "Xinchou Treaty" signed after the war designated the large area of ????land where the royal palace is located as the "embassy boundary". Prince Su's Mansion moved to the north of Chuanban Hutong (now East 43rd Street), Beixinqiao. But the new mansion is no longer in the form of a royal palace.

In the past, Beijingers often said when talking about the palaces of old Beijing: "The walls of Prince Li's Palace, the rooms of Prince Yu's Palace, and the silver of Prince Su's Palace were measured in measures." The buildings of Prince Li's Palace and Prince Yu's Palace are indeed good. In other royal palaces. In the early Qing Dynasty, the first generation of Prince Su, Hauge, led his troops to hunt down Zhang Xianzhong and made great achievements. For this, he gained more wealth than ordinary princes. But everyone knows that Prince Su's palace has a lot of silver, but few people know how the silver is stored in the palace. The method of hiding silver in Prince Su's Mansion is very unique. It is to wrap the silver with a whole piece of freshly peeled cowhide, and then sew it tightly with beef tendons. After the cowhide is dried, it becomes extremely strong. If you want to take out the silver, you must cut the cowhide with a knife.

This not only makes it impossible for thieves to steal, but also prevents anyone in the house from trying to steal it. This method is very effective and has been used by Prince Su in the past dynasties.