What is the architectural structure of the site of Linzi Old Town?

The site of Linzi Old Town is located in the west and north of Qidu Town, Linzi District, Zibo City, Shandong Province. Linzi was the capital of Qi during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. It was one of the most prosperous cities in all countries and an important political, economic and cultural center in the East at that time.

Linzi got its name because it is adjacent to He Zi in the east and has endless rolling mountains in the south, including Niu Shan, Jishan, Jishan and Quantomorrow Qiyuan. On the east, west and north are the vast Yuan Ye, where the land is fertile, the water system is vertical and horizontal, and the grains are abundant. The northeast is more than 0/00 Li away from Bohai Sea/KLOC-,and the fishery and salt industry is convenient, so it can be said that rare things are precious.

Jiang Shang assisted Jichang and Ji Fa to destroy the business. After the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty, they were sealed in Qi and made Linzi their capital. When describing the prosperity of Linzi, Su Qin, a military strategist at that time, said: "On the way to Linzi, the car hub collided, and people jostled shoulder to shoulder, forming a curtain and lifting it into a curtain, sweating into rain." It is a world-famous city with "100,000 families, a city that rents thousands of dollars, and many rich people, more than Chang 'an".

Qi was passed down to VI, and in order to avoid the invasion of Lion in the East, it was forced to move its capital to Bo Gu, which is now Boxing County. In 859 BC, Qi Xiangong, the seventh generation, led Yingqiu people to kill his brother Gong Hu, and returned to Yingqiu, so it was renamed Yingqiu Linzi.

At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, Qi declined, and the Qing doctors merged with each other. Qi Kanggong was exiled to the island by Tian He, "eat a city first and worship a city". Later, the only food city was also taken back, so Kang Gong had to dig a hole on the steep slope to cook.

Tian He stood on his own feet as a monarch, known as Tianqi in history, and still took Linzi as his capital. By the end of the Qin Dynasty in 22 1 BC, Linzi had been the capital of Jiang Qi and Tianqi for more than 630 years.

The ancient city of Qi, built on the west bank of the Zi River, consists of two cities, large and small, with 13 gates. Among them, the big city is Guo Cheng and the small city is Miyagi.

Big cities are areas where officials, civilians, businessmen and craftsmen live.

The south of the city is the seat of the official office, and the northeast and west are handicraft workshops such as copper smelting, iron smelting, bone making and pottery burning, as well as commercial areas.

The East Wall is very tortuous, because it is built by the river. The city wall is tamped with plywood. From the Eastern Zhou Dynasty to the Han Dynasty, after many supplements and repairs, the early rammed layer was relatively thin, mostly small pestle, and the late rammed layer was relatively thick, mostly flat rammed.

There are six gates in the old city of Linzi, one in the east and the other in the south and north. The width of the doorway is generally around 10 meter.

There are 7 main roads in the city, most of which are connected with the city gate and some of which run through the city, with a road width of more than 6 meters, including 2 north-south main roads with a width of 20 meters. These roads cross each other and divide the city into checkerboard areas.

Artificially excavated drainage ditches and moats are organically connected with natural rivers, forming a perfect water use, drainage and urban defense system.

Linzi town is located in the southwest corner of a big city, and it is Miyagi where the monarch lives. The plane is rectangular, with a palace area in the north and a big city in the northeast.

There is still a rammed earth platform in the town, called "Huan Gong Tai". It is the commanding height of the whole city. According to legend, during the Spring and Autumn Period, when Qi Huangong dominated the world, he met with governors and reviewed military forces.

To the west is Yuankou District, with a large-scale separation hall with gorgeous buildings and beautiful scenery.

The city has five gates, one in the east, one in the west, one in the north and two in the south. The east gate and the north gate lead to the big city, and the walls on both sides of the gate protrude outward.

The three main roads in the town are connected with the south gate, the west gate and the north gate respectively, with a width of 8 to 17 meters. There is also a ring road about 6 meters wide along the inner side of the city wall.

According to Miracle, there are 13 gates in Linzi, Qicheng. Yong Men, Shenmen, Yangmen, Jimen, Lumen, Changhua, Lv Dong and Guangmen are all recorded in the history books. However, there is no exact location in the record, and later generations hold their own words.

The existing west gate of the site is Shenmen and Yongmen, and the east gate is Guangmen. 1 1 city gate, 5 small cities and 6 big cities. The doorway spans more than 8 meters and the widest can reach 20 meters.

Two north-south avenues and two east-west avenues of a big city intersect in the northeast, forming a "well" shape, which should be the most prosperous market center of the metropolis.

The drainage mechanism of Linzi ancient city shows the extraordinary wisdom and superb architectural level of Qi people, and is known as a masterpiece in the history of drainage architecture at the same time in the world. The ancient city of Qi is adjacent to Zi River in the east and Si Shui in the west. The east and west city walls were built on the basis of two river banks, and Zihe and Sishui became two natural moats.

The ancestors of Linzi also dug artificial moats outside the south wall and the north wall to connect the Zi River with the drainage system, forming a drainage network around the city with clear water on all sides.

At the same time, according to the natural terrain of high in the south and low in the north, when they built the city, they built a drainage crossing through careful design and scientific layout to discharge natural precipitation and domestic sewage in time.

The number of iron smelting sites in the old city of Linzi is the largest, reaching 6, which are distributed in various regions of big cities and small towns. In the largest iron smelting site, especially in the north, there are many rammed foundations. In the Han Dynasty, there were clay seals such as "Seven Tieguan City" and "Colorful Tieyin", which were the locations of "Tieguan" in the Han Dynasty.

In addition to iron smelting sites, copper smelting sites and coinage sites have also been found in smelting industry. Like iron smelting sites, copper smelting sites are all over big cities and small towns; The places where coins were minted belonged to different periods.

In Linzi, the prosperous place of Qi, the handicraft industry is very developed. So there are many handicraft sites in the old city. The remains of bone-making workshops in the ancient city of Linzi Qi are extensive, mainly concentrated in the northeast and north of Dacheng, with concentrated places in the northeast of Cuijiazhuang, the southwest of Heyatou Village, the south of Donggucheng Village and the northeast of Tianjiazhuang.

The relics here are very rich, not only knives and stones have been unearthed, but also broken bones are everywhere.

The ancient city of Qi in Linzi is rich in scenic spots. Besides the famous relics on the ground, there are also famous tombs underground. In the northeast of Guo Cheng, the ancient city of Qi, there is a cemetery of Qi monarch and big noble in the Spring and Autumn Period, and more than 20 large and medium-sized tombs have been found.

The tomb of Heyatou Village in Qidu Town is Qi Jinggong's tomb. This is an "A" shaped tomb. The tomb is located in the middle of the tomb and is made of natural stone.

Most of the martyrdom pits around Qi Jinggong's tomb are well preserved. 54 meters to the north and west, there are 145 fierce horses; There are 83 fierce horses 30 meters south of the west. Martyrs are closely arranged, all around 600 horses, which is extremely rare in the world.