Information describing Jiangnan scenery Urgent! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

The Tengwang Pavilion in Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, the Yueyang Tower in Yueyang City, Hunan Province, and the Yellow Crane Tower in Wuhan City, Hubei Province are known as the "Three Famous Towers in the South of the Yangtze River".

Pavilions are one of the ancient Chinese buildings. A kind of traditional architecture, "lou, means a heavy house"; "pavilion, means a building". This means that pavilions are generally buildings with two or more floors, and all use wood as the main structure. In ancient my country, both religious sects such as Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism, as well as royal nobles, regarded pavilions as symbols of holiness, nobility and majesty. Among the many pavilions built, there are many pavilions for viewing and admiring the scenery, and they are widely distributed. There are some in the south and some in the north, but most of them are in the south. These pavilions are generally built near water, with lakes and mountains, sparkling waves and beautiful scenery. Therefore, these pavilions are also places where literati and scholars gather. Many famous literary works were born because of these pavilions, and these pavilions also became famous due to the spread of these articles. Of course, the more representative ones are Tengwang Pavilion, Yellow Crane Tower and Yueyang Tower, which are known as the three famous towers in Jiangnan.

Tengwang Pavilion

Located on the bank of Ganjiang River in Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, Tengwang Pavilion has gone through many hardships since its completion in the fourth year of Yonghui reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty (AD 653). In the more than 1,300 years since the pavilion was built, it has been repeatedly destroyed and rebuilt. Each time it is rebuilt, it not only reproduces the charm of the ancient pavilion, but also becomes larger and larger in scale. In 1926, Tengwang Pavilion was destroyed for the last time at the hands of Beiyang warlord Deng Ruzhuo. On October 1, 1983, the 29th reconstruction of Tengwang Pavilion officially started and was completed in 1989. The new pavilion has 9 floors and is 57.5 meters high. It is a large-scale imitation Song Dynasty building and the tallest pavilion among the three famous buildings in Jiangnan. On the east and west sides of the sixth floor of the pavilion, there are large plaques with the words "Tengwang Pavilion" written in the calligraphy of Su Shi, a great writer in the Song Dynasty. There are flat railings around the three exposed floors of the pavilion for tourists. Looking into the distance; on the fifth floor screen, there is also a copper stele of Wang Bo's "Preface to Prince Teng's Pavilion" inlaid; on the doorpost of Prince Teng's Pavilion, there are also the best lines from "Preface to Prince Teng's Pavilion" written by Mao Zedong himself: "The setting sun and the setting sun." The solitary ducks are flying together, the autumn water is the same color as the sky."

In the fourth year of Yonghui reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty, when Li Yuanying, the younger brother of Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, was appointed as the governor of Hongzhou, the Tengwang Pavilion was built. In the early days, the pavilion was only used as a place for noble people to watch lanterns, enjoy flowers in spring, and enjoy the cool air in summer. , a place for climbing the mountain, admiring the snow in winter, drinking tea in the pavilion, gathering for dinner and wine, listening to the piano and watching paintings. Twenty-two years after the Tengwang Pavilion was built, in the second year of Shangyuan of the Tang Dynasty (675), the famous young writer Wang Bo ascended the pavilion for a banquet at the invitation of Yan Boyu, the governor of Hongzhou, and wrote the popular "Farewell Preface to Deng Wang Teng Pavilion in Hongzhou in Autumn" " (i.e. "Preface to Tengwang Pavilion"), Tengwang Pavilion has become famous all over the world. After Wang Zhongshu, the imperial censor of the Tang Dynasty, once again presided over the reconstruction of Tengwang Pavilion, he also invited the great writer Han Yu to write the ancient and modern masterpiece "Newly Renovated Tengwang Pavilion" for this pavilion; the great poet Bai Juyi's "Zhongling Farewell", Du Mu's " "Three Poems on Old Tours at Huaizhong Mausoleum" and Zhu Yizun's "Deng Tengwang Pavilion" are still recited by people today.

There are several Tengwang Pavilions in history, the most famous of which is located on the east bank of the Ganjiang River on Yanjiang Road in the northwest of Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province. Together with the Yueyang Tower in Hunan and the Yellow Crane Tower in Hubei, it is known as the "Three Famous Towers in Jiangnan". Climbing the pavilion, you can have a panoramic view of the spring breeze and autumn moon. You can see the twists and turns of the antique commercial streets in the distance. The Ganjiang River and the Fujiang River converge in the west. In the distance, the sky is thousands of miles long. The West Mountain is verdant, Nanpu is flying clouds, and the long bridge is lying on the waves. People are relaxed and happy.

Tengwang Pavilion was first built in the Tang Dynasty. It was built and destroyed several times. During the Jingtai period of the Ming Dynasty (1450~1456 AD), Han Yong, the governor of the capital, rebuilt it. Its scale is: three floors, 27 meters high and 27 meters wide. About 14 meters. Today's Tengwang Pavilion has four floors including the basement, is 57.5 meters high, and covers an area of ??47,000 square meters.

Tengwang Pavilion was the place where feudal literati and officials of past dynasties welcomed and entertained guests. Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, also held a banquet in the pavilion and ordered ministers and literati to compose poems and lyrics and watch the lights.

The great reputation of Tengwang Pavilion is largely attributed to a popular prose "Preface to Tengwang Pavilion". It is said that at that time, the poet Wang Bo passed by Nanchang to visit his relatives. He happened to catch up with Governor Yan after he rebuilt the Tengwang Pavilion and held a banquet for guests in the pavilion. Wang Bo finished it on the spot and wrote this famous poem "Farewell Preface to Tengwang Pavilion in Hongfu in Autumn" (i.e. "Preface to Tengwang Pavilion"). 》). From then on, the preface became known as the pavilion, and the pavilion became known as the preface. After Wang Bo wrote the preface, Wang Xu of the Tang Dynasty wrote "Ode to Prince Teng's Pavilion" and Wang Zhongshu wrote "Records of Prince Teng's Pavilion". History books call it "Three Kings' Records of Teng's Pavilion". Literary writer Han Yu also wrote an article saying that "there are many beautiful views in the south of the Yangtze River, but Tengwang Pavilion ranks first and is known as magnificent and unique", so it is known as "the first tower in Xijiang". Over the past 1,300 years, Tengwang Pavilion has been built and destroyed 28 times. It can be said that it is used to seeing spring flowers and autumn moon, and has experienced rain, snow, wind and frost.

The renovated Tengwang Pavilion stands tall in the west of Nanchang City, on the bank of the Gan River. Stepping into the pavilion, you feel as if you are in an art palace with the theme of Tengwang Pavilion. In the main hall on the first floor, there is a large white marble relief "The Wind Sends the Pavilion of Prince Teng" written by Wang Bo, which cleverly integrates the moving legend of Prince Teng's Pavilion with historical facts. The main hall on the second floor is a large-scale 23.90×2.55-meter fine brushwork and heavy-color mural "Picture of Outstanding People", which depicts 80 famous Jiangxi celebrities from Qin to Ming Dynasty. This and the "Earth Spirit Map" on the fourth floor, which expresses the essence of Jiangxi's mountains and rivers, are a pair of stunning masterpieces. The fifth floor is the best place to lean on the railings and ride your goals. Entering the hall, you are greeted by Su Dongpo's handwritten masterpiece "Preface to the Pavilion of Prince Teng" written by Su Dongpo. Each floor has a theme, which is also related to the pavilion.

Yellow Crane Tower

The Yellow Crane Tower we see today was burned down by the Wuhan Municipal People’s Government in 1984 (the Yellow Crane Tower was burned down in the 10th year of Emperor Guangxu’s reign in the Qing Dynasty due to nearby residential buildings). It was rebuilt on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the time when it was destroyed by fire. It is a reinforced concrete imitation wood structure building with a height of 51 meters, second only to Tengwang Pavilion. It appears to be five floors, but in fact it has five mezzanines, making it ten floors. Due to the construction of the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, it was moved from the original Huanghuji to Gaoguan Mountain in Snake Mountain. The Yellow Crane Tower is the symbol and symbol of modern Wuhan.

The Yellow Crane Tower was built after Dongwu recaptured Jingzhou during the Three Kingdoms period (223 AD). The original purpose of building the building was for Soochow to defend against the invasion of Liu Bei of the Shu Han Dynasty and to serve as a lookout. There are many interesting legends about the Yellow Crane Tower in history. The most widely circulated one is that a family named Xin opened a tavern on Huanghuji. He was kind-hearted and did a good business. Once, a restaurant warmly entertained a Taoist priest wearing a ragged Taoist robe and refused to accept any money. This continued for several days. One day, the Taoist priest drew a yellow crane on the wall with an orange peel after drinking. Then he clapped his hands and the yellow crane on the wall jumped to the table and danced. The Taoist priest said to the restaurant owner named Xin, paint a yellow crane to attract business for you in return for the restaurant's hospitality. From then on, more and more people came here to drink and watch cranes. For ten consecutive years, the hotel's business was booming and there were many customers. As a result, the restaurant became richer and richer day by day. In order to thank the Taoist priest, the restaurant used the silver earned in the past ten years to build a pavilion on Huanghuji. At first people called it "Xin's Tower". Later, in order to commemorate the Taoist priest and Yellow Crane, it was renamed "Yellow Crane Tower".

The Yellow Crane Tower has historically been a gathering place for literati and poets, and has left many immortal masterpieces. The seven-line "Yellow Crane Tower" by Cui Hao, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, "People in the past have gone on the yellow crane, and the Yellow Crane Tower is empty here. The yellow crane will never return, and the white clouds will remain empty for thousands of years. The clear rivers are full of Hanyang trees, and the fragrant grass is luxuriant and the parrots are there. "Where is the connection between sunset and Yanbo River?" The geography, environment, legend and majesty of the Yellow Crane Tower were so vividly described that the great poet Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty wanted to write a poem to praise the Yellow Crane Tower. Crane Tower, after seeing Cui Hao's masterpiece, I had to sigh, "There is a view in front of me, but Cui Hao wrote a poem on it." There are many people who climbed the tower to compose poems in the past dynasties. In the Tang Dynasty alone, there were Cui Hao, Li Bai, Wang Wei, Meng Haoran, Gu Kuang, Han Yu, Liu Yuxi, Bai Juyi, Du Mu and so on. Like what Li Bai wrote in "The Yellow Crane Tower Farewells Meng Haoran to Guangling": "My old friend bid farewell to the Yellow Crane Tower in the west, and the fireworks descended from Yangzhou in March.

The shadow of the lonely sail is gone in the blue sky, and only the Yangtze River can be seen in the sky." The whole poem is majestic and blends scenes, and has been praised by people throughout the ages.

Yueyang Tower

Located in Yueyang City, Hunan Province The Yueyang Tower on the west bank of Dongting Lake was a military parade platform built by the Soochow general Lu Su in the Three Kingdoms period (AD 215) to fight against the Shu general Guan Yu who was stationed in Jingzhou. It was called the Parade Tower at the time. According to records, this was the earliest Yueyang Tower. The prototype is also the oldest pavilion among the three famous towers in Jiangnan.

In the fourth year of Kaiyuan of the Tang Dynasty (AD 716), Zhongshu ordered Zhang Shuo to be demoted and exiled to Yuezhou (today's Yueyang City). The following year, Zhang Shuo rebuilt a pavilion on the site of Lu Su's Yueyang Tower and officially named it Yueyang Tower.

In the fourth year of Qingli in the Northern Song Dynasty (1044 AD), minister Teng Zijing was ostracized and demoted. After Yuezhou, the Yueyang Tower was rebuilt. After its completion, Teng Zijing asked Fan Zhongyan, a famous official and great writer at the time, to write a popular "Yueyang Tower", in which he "worry about the world's worries first, and then the world's happiness." "And Le" has been widely recited at home and abroad, and it has lasted forever. Yueyang Tower has also become famous together with Fan Zhongyan's "Yueyang Tower". Therefore, there is a couplet of Hunan Yueyang Tower: "Surrounded by lakes and mountains, thousands of families are filled with sorrow and joy."

Speaking of this "Yueyang Tower" there is a story. Now there is a piece of "Yueyang Tower" carved in red sandalwood in the first and second floor halls of Yueyang Tower. But why are there two in one building? Where is the inscription with the same article? It is said that "Yueyang Tower" was written by Zhang Zhao, a great calligrapher during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. His calligraphy, carvings and high-quality wood were regarded as the best in the world. Later, there was a local county official who was good at calligraphy. In order to show off himself and make himself famous throughout history through this article about Yueyang Tower and Fan Zhongyan, he imitated Zhang Zhao's handwriting and re-copied an article "The Story of Yueyang Tower" on a wooden board with the same texture. Even the size and shape of the font are exactly the same as Zhang Zhao's "Yueyang Tower". However, the engraver was dissatisfied with the county magistrate's behavior of substituting pillars and substituting pillars, so he did not dare to disobey. The word "ju" in "民" was deliberately carved very finely to distinguish it from the normal characters. The ambitious county magistrate took down Zhang Zhao's "Yueyang Tower" and replaced it with his own, and then put Zhang Zhao's The calligraphy was put on the boat and tried to be transported elsewhere. Unexpectedly, when the boat was sailing into Dongting Lake, there was a strong storm and the boat capsized in the lake. The magistrate and the inscription "Yueyang Tower" handwritten by Zhang Zhao fell into the water, and the magistrate Zhili was drowned. Later, during the dredging of Dongting Lake, people salvaged Zhang Zhao's "Yueyang Tower". Because it was carved on good wood, Zhang Zhao's handwriting was not greatly damaged by blisters. The handwriting of the two "Records of Yueyang Tower" are so similar that they are both treasures of calligraphy, so the two authentic and fake inscriptions of "Records of Yueyang Tower" are hung on the first and second floors of Yueyang Tower at the same time.

The Yueyang Tower we see now is the only one with a wooden structure among the three famous towers in Jiangnan. It was rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty and has survived more than a hundred years and decades of war without being destroyed. Although the height of the building is only 19.72 meters, which is much smaller than Tengwang Pavilion and Yellow Crane Tower, this ancient building standing on the edge of Dongting Lake can be said to be the only one of the three famous buildings in Jiangnan that was not rebuilt after the founding of the People's Republic of China. , and it is a pavilion that retains well-preserved ancient Chinese traditional architectural style.