What were the nine counties of Jingxiang during the Three Kingdoms period?

Let’s start with the “Nine Counties of Jingxiang”. I believe that most of you got this statement from "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" like me. Luo Guanshui's geographical knowledge is really difficult to accept, so I am not prepared to help him complete the theory of nine counties.

There seems to be no mention of the nine counties of Jingxiang in the history books. It is usually seven or eight counties. I believe everyone will know the seven counties after reading the "Book of the Later Han". They are Nanyang, Nanjun, Jiangxia, Changsha, Wuling, Lingling and Guiyang. What about the eight counties?

The counselor Yue said: ".........According to Jiangling in the south and Xiangyang in the north, the eight counties of Jingzhou can be passed on and decided. Although the skills are good, nothing can be done."

< p>——————"Sima Biao's Strategy" quoted by Pei's note in "Three Kingdoms" Liu Biao's Biography

There is almost the same statement in "Liu Biao's Biography" in "Book of the Later Han". Fan Yehe, the author of "Book of the Later Han" Pei Song, who annotated "Three Kingdoms", was a contemporary. I estimate that the materials cited by both of them came from "Sima Biao's Strategy", but the "Book of the Later Han" did not indicate where it came from and the original text was slightly changed. .

We can see that there is a reference to the eight counties of Jingzhou. The "Book of the Later Han Dynasty" in my hand has an annotation for this:

Han Guanyi said, Jingzhou It also governs Changsha, Lingling, Guiyang, Nanyang, Jiangxia, Wuling, Nanjun, Zhangling, etc.

Compared with the seven counties in "Book of the Later Han", there is an additional Zhangling County. When did this Zhangling County appear?

Pei's note in "The Biography of Liu Biao in the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms" - Fu Zi said: Yue, after Kuai Tong,... issued an edict to pay homage to the prefect of Zhangling and grant the title of Marquis of Fanting.

The Biography of Mi Heng in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty records the interaction between Huang Zu's eldest son and Mi Heng: the eldest son of Huang Zu, She, was the prefect of Zhangling and was especially good at balancing. ————Huang Zu’s eldest son Huang She also served as the prefect of Zhangling.

The geography of the Han Dynasty inherits the thirty-six counties of the Qin Dynasty, with hundreds of counties and cities, which will be analyzed later. As for filial piety, there are hundreds of counties and five counties, and thousands of counties, cities, roads, and princes. One hundred and eighty, the number of households is 9,698,630, and the population is 49,150,220. ——This is the end of "Book of Prefectures and Countries in the Later Han Dynasty". From it we can see that the history of counties and counties recorded in "Book of Prefectures and Countries in the Later Han Dynasty" only ended at the time of Emperor Shun of the Han Dynasty. At that time, Jingzhou only had Nanyang, Nanjun, The seven counties of Jiangxia, Changsha, Wuling, Lingling and Guiyang, then Zhangling County should have been established after that - I personally think it was established during the reign of Emperor Huan and Emperor Ling, especially during the reign of Emperor Ling, who had the Yellow Turban During the rebellion, the Nanyang prefect was killed, but Zhang Ling, who was affiliated with Nanyang, seemed to have been safe and sound, and Nanyang was too big (later divided into new counties many times), and Zhang Ling belonged to Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu. The hometown, where the ancestral temple is located, has an extraordinary status, so it is very possible that Zhangling County was established in Nanyang after the Yellow Turbans were wiped out. Of course, it cannot be ruled out that it was established after Dong Zhuo came to power.

Let’s leave the official history behind and read the novel first:

If I’m not mistaken, the first mention of nine counties in Jingzhou in the novel was in Chapter 31 , Sun Qian said: "Success or failure sometimes, don't lose hope. This is not far from Jingzhou. Liu Jingsheng is in charge of nine counties, has strong soldiers and sufficient food, and he and his father are both Han clan relatives, why not join him?"

If we are more serious than Brother Guanshui, there are only eight counties in the entire Jingzhou at this time, and Nanyang is not yet under Liu Biao's control. In other words, Liu Biao actually only has seven counties in his hands. It can be seen that these nine counties There is no doubt that Junzhi's theory is a BUG.

But in the novel, the name of the nine counties of Jing and Xiang has been used. Luo Guanshui doesn’t care which county Cao Cao established or which county Sun Quan established, it is the nine counties anyway, so someone To support Brother Guanshui's theory of completing these nine counties, we should put forward a theory of "nine counties in Han Dynasty".

The theory of the nine counties of the Han Dynasty actually comes from the novel, Chapter 56 - Cao Cao drank several cups in a row and became intoxicated. Quetai poem. Just as I was writing this, I suddenly reported: "Hua Xin, the envoy of Soochow, reported that Liu Bei was the shepherd of Jingzhou. Sun Quan married his sister to Liu Bei. Most of the nine counties of Han Dynasty already belong to Bei."

Who are the nine counties of Han Dynasty? It's not mentioned in the county novel. I don't know why it's not mentioned. But if I have to say it, I guarantee Brother Guanshui won't be able to tell it. If he insists on saying it, I'm afraid he can only say that these nine counties are Nanjun, Hanchang, Yidu, Xiangyang, Jiangxia, Wuling, Guiyang, Lingling, Changsha.

But I still can't figure it out. Very few of these nine counties have anything to do with the Han River. How can places like Guiyang and Lingling, which are thousands of miles away from the Han River, be included in the nine counties of Han Dynasty?

Actually, BUG is BUG. In the novel, in addition to the nine counties of Jingxiang and Xiangzhou, there are six counties and eighty-one prefectures in Jiangdong (there are six counties: Jiujiang, Danyang, Lujiang, Kuaiji, Wujun, Yuzhang, but these eighty-one prefectures Where can you find it?), and the forty-one states in Xichuan. If anyone has time, you can slowly help Brother Guanshui ^_^

After Cao Cao obtains Jingzhou, press " "Book of Jin" says:

Wei Wu took all the land in Jingzhou, divided it into Xiangyang County to the north of Nanjun, Nanxiang County to the west of Nanyang, and Linjiang County to the west of Fuzhijiang River.

There is no problem with Xiangyang and Nanxiang. Linjiang County to the west of Zhijiang is actually Yidu County (today's Yichang, Hubei) that was later controlled by Liu Bei. However, Zhang Ling disappeared. Did he suddenly disappear? ? However, "Jin Shu Geography" also states: When Emperor Wu pinged Wu, Nanjun was divided into Nanping County, and Nanyang was divided into Yiyang County...

The Yiyang County here is actually the same as the Zhangling County in front of it. The area under its jurisdiction was almost the same (from today's Zaoyang in Hubei to Tongbai in Henan). Anchang under the jurisdiction of Yiyang County was actually Zhangling, but its name was changed after the change of dynasties.

Then I think it is possible that after Cao Cao took Jingzhou, he omitted Zhangling County, and the Sima family later established Yiyang County in the same area. Of course, the county governance has changed.

After Red Cliff, Sun Quan divided Changsha into Hanchang. So in the 24th year of Jian'an, Jingzhou was probably in the following situation:

Cao Cao Nanxiang, Nanyang, Xiangyang, Jiangxia ( Both Sun and Cao families have their own Jiangxia commanderies, and Cao Cao's Jiangxia governor is Wenpin)

Liu Beinan Commandery, Yidu, Wuling, and Lingling (although Guan Yu is said to be the governor of Xiangyang from a distance, but he is in name only, so it is not counted )

Sun Quan divided Jiangxia, Hanchang, Changsha, and Guiyang

Three families are divided into Jing and one family is divided into four counties. It is still very fair ^_^

Why did Cao Cao want to I think he had his own reasons for omitting Zhangling County. Zhangling is relatively close to Xiangyang, and the geographical location of Xiangyang determines that Xiangyang needs to establish a county. In addition, Cao Cao established one north of the original Jiangxia. Jiangxia County further compressed the space of Zhangling County, so Zhangling County became redundant, so Nanyang was redrawn. In the past, the southeast direction of Nanyang was divided into Zhangling, but now Zhangling is omitted. However, considering that the scope of Nanyang was too large, the western part of Nanyang was divided into Nanxiang County.

Later, the Sima family established Yiyang County. I think one is because the population was larger than that of Cao Wei, and the other is that the Wu Kingdom had been destroyed. The two Jiangxias were merged into one, and part of the northern part of Jiangxia was It is logical that the territory of Yiyang County should be separated from the territory southeast of Nanyang to establish Yiyang County. This is something for later, so I won’t say much more here.

After the baptism of the Three Kingdoms, Jingzhou has undergone tremendous changes. The population has been greatly reduced compared to the Han Dynasty, but there have been an increase in the number of counties and counties. Correspondingly, there have been more officials. Such a dynasty , how can long-term peace and stability be achieved? I hope that when people are talking about the Three Kingdoms, they will not forget the tragic situation of "white bones exposed in the wild, no roosters crowing for thousands of miles. Hundreds of people have left behind, and the thought of them will break people's hearts."

Attachment - Jingzhou counties and demographics recorded in "Book of Jin" and "Book of Later Han":

Jingzhou Tongnan County, Wuchang, Wuling, Yidu, Jianping, Tianmen , Changsha, Lingling, Guiyang, Hengyang, Xiangdong, Shaoling, Linhe, Shixing and Shi'an. The seven counties of Nanyang, Jiangxia, Xiangyang, Nanxiang, Weixing, Xincheng and Shangyong belong to Wei. of Jingzhou. When Emperor Wu suppressed Wu, Nanjun was divided into Nanping County, Nanyang was divided into Yiyang County, and Nanxiang Shunyang County was changed. Shixing, Shi'an, and Linhe counties were also affiliated with Guangzhou, and Ancheng County in Yangzhou was affiliated. There are 22 prefectures, 169 counties, and 357,548 households.

——————————"Jin Shu Geography"

Nanyang County [*Qin Dynasty. Seven hundred miles south of Luoyang. *]Thirty-seven cities, with 528,551 households and 2,439,618 mouths.

Nanjun [*Qin State. Luoyang is 1,500 miles south. *]Seventeen cities, with 162,570 households and 747,640 inhabitants.

Jiangxia County [*Government of Emperor Gao. Luoyang is 1,500 miles south. *]Fourteen cities, 58,434 households, 265,464 people.

Lingling County [*established by Emperor Wu.

Luoyang is 3,300 miles south. *] Thirteen cities, with 212,284 households and 1,578 residents of one million.

Guiyang County [* Settled by Emperor Gao. The mountain leads the mountain. Three thousand nine hundred miles south of Luoyang. *] Eleven cities, with 135,029 households and 55,143 mouths.

Wuling County [* was established by King Zhao of Qin. It was named Qianzhong County, and was renamed in the fifth year of Emperor Gao's reign. Two thousand one hundred miles south of Luoyang. *]Twelve cities, with 46,672 households and 250,913 people.

Changsha County [*Qin State. Luoyang is 2,800 miles south. *] Thirteen cities, with 255,854 households and 159,372 inhabitants.

The governor of Youjingzhou has seven counties, one hundred and seventeen counties, towns and princes. (Note: There are nearly 1.4 million households in total. Based on five people per household, Jingzhou had a population of 7 million during Emperor Shun's reign, but less than one-third of it was under Sima's unification)

< p>——————————“Book of the Later Han Dynasty”