Who is the greatest musician in the world?

Handel george frideric handel (1685- 1759) is a famous German composer in Britain. Born in Haller, Germany, he studied composition under Chahao, an organist, and later worked as an organist and artistic director in a church. Because of his love for secular music, he moved to Hamburg, the only German city with national opera at that time, in 1703 and began to engage in opera creation. 1704, he produced the first opera "Almila" in Hamburg, which was a great success. 1706, he traveled to Italy and wrote many operas, oratorios and oratorios in Italy, including the famous opera Gerye. 17 10 Gandel moved to London, wrote in Hamburg and London, and soon became a British music authority. 17 1 1' s opera Renodo was a great success. With the support of Duke Chandos, he composed the oratorio Esther and 1 1 Chandos hymns. 17 17 settled in England. 17 19 got the support of the king and began to perform his operas at the Royal Conservatory of Music. During this period, there were his most outstanding opera works, such as Lida Mistu, Julio Cesar, Tamerlan Nuo and RodLinda. 1726 British nationality. In 1930s, Handel wrote a large number of English oratorios and oratorio instruments, including many great concertos. He composed 46 operas, including Athina and Orlando, all of which were written in London except five. Later, due to the persecution of opposition forces, the work was banned and the theater was forced to close. Since the late11930 s, he has been engaged in the creation of oratorios without stage performances. * * * wrote 32 oratorios, most of which were written in Britain, which had a far-reaching influence on British music. His representative works include orchestral music on water, fireworks music and oratorio Messiah, among which Hallelujah is the most popular. 1742, The Messiah premiered. Then I wrote oratorios at the rate of about two songs a year until I wrote 175 1, because my eyesight was too poor at that time, I had to give up. 1742- 175 1 s famous works include Samson and Solomon, 1759 died in London. Although Handel wrote a lot of music works, he did not use Bach's counterpoint in his whole composing career. Handel's artistic characteristics are dramatic and lyrical, and his greatest artistic legacy for later generations is his oratorio works. Main works: water music, royal fireworks music

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

(Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, 1756- 179 1)

Mozart is an outstanding composer in Austria, born in a family of court musicians in Salzburg. He has shown outstanding musical talent since he was a teenager, and his life works are extremely rich. The most important field of his creation is opera, with 22 pieces, and another important part is symphony, with 45 pieces. His music creation not only inherited and developed the achievements of Haydn and others, but also had an important influence on the later creations of Beethoven and others.

Mozart may not be the greatest composer, but he is definitely recognized as the greatest musical genius. Even Tchaikovsky, who was proud all his life, called him the Christ of music. Someone once said: "There was a bright moment in the history of music, when all the opponents reconciled and all the tensions were eliminated. That bright moment was Mozart."

Wolfgang mozart was born in Salzburg on 1756. He showed unparalleled musical talent from an early age: he began to play the piano at the age of 3, began to compose music at the age of 6, wrote his first symphony at the age of 8, completed his first opera at the age of 1 1, and conducted at the age of 14. It can be said that Mozart was born for music, and from the moment he was born, he was integrated with music.

/kloc-at the age of 0/6, Mozart was appointed as an organist in the Salzburg court. Although Mozart created many excellent works during this period, he could not stand the bossing and bullying of the Archbishop of Salzburg. There, Mozart was just a servant who could play the piano. He once described his companions at the palace dinner to his father like this: two footmen, a housekeeper, a pastry chef and two chefs. The footmen sat at the top table and Mozart was above the chefs. Finally, in 178 1 year, Mozart broke away from the dependence on the archbishop and became the first free composer in history, and came to Vienna for development. In Vienna, Mozart made a living by teaching private students, giving concerts and publishing works. During this period, Mozart came into contact with Bach and Handel's works and got to know Haydn, thus enriching his musical thoughts.

In Vienna, Mozart's musical achievements are amazing. He once described his music creation as follows: "No matter how long the work is, it is done in my mind. I take out what I have stored from my memory. So the speed of writing on paper is still quite fast, because everything is complete, and its appearance on paper is similar to what I imagined. So I'm not afraid of being disturbed at work. No matter what happens, I can even write and talk. " It's a pity that such a genius died of cold when he was in his prime, at the age of 35. On the last day of his life (197 1 65438+9 February), he was still writing. Unfortunately, God is jealous of talent. Mozart left his unfinished requiem and died, which became one of the greatest regrets in the history of music.

Although Mozart's life is full of ups and downs, his music always brings people real pure beauty. Romain rolland, a famous music critic, said of Mozart: "His music is a portrayal of life, but it is a beautified life. Although melody is a reflection of the spirit, it must please the spirit without hurting the body or hearing. Therefore, in Mozart's view, music is the expression of harmony in life. Not only his operas, but also all his works. His music, no matter what it looks like, always points to the mind rather than intelligence, always expresses emotion or passion, but there is no unpleasant or abrupt passion. "

Of course, if you want to comment on Mozart's music completely, it is by no means a thousand words that can be expressed. To truly understand Mozart, the most important thing is to listen to his works. Almost every capital of his more than 1000 works is an extraordinary classic.

Main works:

Opera "The Wedding of Figaro"

Adventures of Don Juan

The Magic Flute

Symphony No.39 in E flat major "Emperor"

Symphony no.40 in g minor

Symphony no 4 1 cupid in c major

Violin concerto no.4 in d major

Violin concerto no.5 in b flat major

Piano concerto no 2 1 in c major

Piano concerto no.23 in a major

Other string quartets hunt

Franz Joseph Haydn (1732- 1809).

A famous Austrian composer, the earliest representative of Vienna Classical Music School. I have studied music under very difficult conditions since I was a child. 176 1 year, he worked as a musician at the Duke of Easthach's house. His work is extremely heavy, but his position is very low. But he created a lot of works in a difficult environment, and by the early 1990s, he became the leading musician at that time. After two trips to London, he wrote twelve London symphonies, which are the best works in his life and are famous all over Europe. His creations cover a wide range, among which symphonies and string quartets are the most prominent. He fixed the symphony in the form of four movements and formed a complete symphony orchestra on the orchestration, which laid the foundation for the development of modern symphony.

His music is rich in melody and often reveals a simple and cheerful country atmosphere. In the creation of quartets, the "speaking principle" is often used, that is, the themes of each voice echo each other like a dialogue, with clear melody and polyphonic beauty. In addition, he often used the "theme flexibility principle" in the development of music, which directly inspired Beethoven's "motivation development". Haydn is also the author of the current German national anthem.

Main works:

Symphony "Symphony of consternation"

Rossini (Gioacchino Rossini, 1792 ~ 1868)

/kloc-one of the three outstanding Italian operas in the first half of the 0/9th century. Born in Besalo, Italy. At the age of ten, he studied harmony from Tisser and counterpoint from Matthew at Bologna Conservatory of Music. Influenced by his mother as an opera singer, he began to learn opera at the age of fourteen. Ten years later, The Haircut Handsome Guy in Seville, a masterpiece of Italian comedy opera with vivid language, free form and full of fantasy, is the essence of Italian comedy. His creation inherits the Italian tradition of paying attention to melody and bel canto, and his music is full of dazzling decoration and humorous spirit, and absorbs the techniques of Beethoven, a contemporary composer, and replaces and enriches the accompaniment of ancient pianos only used for pitch prompting with orchestral music. William Tell, 1829, reflects the desire of national independence and promotes the formation of grand opera genre. After nearly forty years, I stopped doing opera. Among nearly forty operas, Cinderella, Stealing Magpie, Othello, Moses and so on.

Representative works:

Opera The Barber of Seville and William Tell.

The Father of Music —— Bach (Germany)

Music prodigy-Mozart (Germany)

Beethoven (Germany)

The King of Songs-Schubert (Germany)

God of Music-Gandel (German)

King of Command-karajan (German)

The King of Opera-Verdi (Italy)

King of Music-scarlatti (Italian)

Paganini, the King of Violin (Italy)

King of March-Susa (USA)

The King of Pop Songs-Foster (UK)

Father of Garden Dance —— Johann Strauss I (Austrian)

The King of Waltz-Johann Strauss II (Austria)

King of Symphony-Haydn (Austria)

Symphony poet Berlioz (France)

Impressionist master Debussy (France)

King of operetta-offenbach (French)

Ravel, master of orchestral color (France)

A Piano Poet —— Chopin (Pollan)

The King of Piano-Liszt (Hungary)

Pyotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky, a master of ballet music (Russia)

1. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756- 179 1)

Austrian composer Mozart (1756- 179 1) is a rare genius in the history of music. He was born in a musical family and his father was an experienced violinist. Mozart began to learn piano at the age of 3. At the age of 4, he could recite ordinary music only by playing it a few times. At the age of five, he began to compose music. At the age of 6, he and his sister traveled with their father to perform in European countries, which caused a sensation in Europe and was known as a "musical prodigy". Although this precocious genius was deeply loved and appreciated by princes and nobles, he was also despised and insulted by aristocratic society, and his body and mind were hit again and again. Later, Mozart finally resigned from his post in the court, got rid of his slave-like status and bravely became the first free composer in Austria who was not attached to the nobility. Mozart's works are elegant and fresh, cheerful and lyrical, with innocent, gentle and sweet melody and full of youthful vitality. Unfortunately, he only lived to be 36 years old and was buried in the shabby cemetery of the monastery without a tombstone. But what he left to the world was nearly 50 symphonies, 22 operas, 50 concertos in various forms, and many works of chamber music, solo and chorus, which made great contributions to mankind and set up a permanent monument in the history of world culture. From 65438 to 0986, the American feature film Beloved of God, which won eight gold medals in one fell swoop, was adapted from Mozart's life.

2. robert schumann (18 10- 1856) is a famous German composer and music critic. He was born in a bookseller's family in Zwickau, Germany, and loved music and literature since childhood. Because of family prejudice, he studied law in college when he was young, and he could only study music after school. When he can specialize in music through tortuous struggle, he is eager to succeed. He practiced fingering of piano music with mechanical devices, injured his fingers and lost the possibility of becoming a piano player. So he devoted himself to music creation and criticism. Schumann is sensitive by nature and has democratic thoughts. 1834 founded New Music magazine, which played an important role in changing the stale music atmosphere at that time and promoting the development of romantic art. He cared for and supported unknown musicians, such as Chopin, Berlioz, Liszt, Brahms and Wagner. 1838, because the reactionary authorities in Vienna discovered Schubert's Symphony in C major and forced him to work, he returned to Leipzig on 1839 and married the famous pianist Clara at that time. 1843 taught in Leipzig Conservatory of Music, 1856 died of mental illness-Schumann's representative works include: piano music Butterfly, Carnival, Symphony Etudes, Fantasia, etc. , promoted the development of romantic music style. 1840, he wrote 138 songs, which were called "songs", and also wrote four symphonies, piano concerto in a minor, Manfred overture and so on.

3. joseph haydn (1732- 1809) is a famous Austrian composer and one of the classical epitaphs in Vienna. He was born in poverty and studied music under very difficult conditions since he was a child. He composed music mainly by himself. He served as the band captain for a long time as an adult and became the chief musician at that time in the early 1990s. 179 1 and 1794. He went to England twice and was very popular. He is mainly engaged in the creation of melody music. He established the structure of "string quartet" and classical "symphony", fixed the symphony into four movements and arranged it with a complete symphony orchestra, which laid the foundation for the development of modern symphony. He composed more than 100 symphonies in his life, among which the most famous ones are Farewell, Bell, Hunting, Astonishment, Army, London and Newton. So he is called "the father of symphony". His musical language is simple, concise, approachable, with clear feelings and optimism. The works do not emphasize profound lyricism and dramatic depiction, but mainly focus on the daily life of ordinary people, and often use the principle of "speaking" to express the customs of the world. His main works include string quartet Lark, oratorio Genesis, Four Seasons, and some operas and songs. In the development of music, he often used the principle of flexible theme, which directly inspired Beethoven's "motivation development".

Paganini, with the title of "violin genius", can be said to be the most outstanding performer and composer in the history of violin music.

1782 was born in Italy. He studied mandolin and violin with his father since childhood, and later studied under Antonio Cervetto, composer Francesco Nieco and church musician Giomo Costa. At the age of 16, he wrote his famous "Twenty-four Capriccios", 36661

His playing skills are described as elusive and dazzling. No matter how difficult the music is, he always plays with his hands. His unruly and wild performances make the audience crazy about him. By then, he had caused a sensation throughout Europe.

At that time, he was accompanied by a violin called "Cannon", which was made by Guanelli Del Jesus 1742.

Paganini (1782- 1840)

1782 10 was born in Genoa, Italy.

From 65438 to 0787, he began to learn mandolin and violin.

1793 held a public concert.

1797 tour in northern Italy.

180 1 year to join the Lushi court band.

1805 completed the work "24 Random Thoughts"

18 17 Complete violin concerto No.1 in D major.

1828 began to travel around the world.

1840 died in May.

6. Chopin

-Polish composer, half French. His father moved from France to Warsaw to teach French to aristocratic children. Chopin showed his musical talent as a child and studied at the newly established Warsaw Conservatory of Music. At school, he fell in love with the young singer constance Gratkovska. /kloc-At the age of 0/9, he wrote a piano concerto in F minor. It is said that this young girl inspired Chopin's creation. In September, Chopin came to Paris, and the rest of his life was connected with the artistic life of this city. In 2085, Chopin kept in touch with many outstanding artists in the salon, such as musicians Liszt and Berlioz, writers Hugo, Balzac, george sand and Heine, and painter Delacroix. Through Liszt, Chopin got to know the world-famous novelist Aurore Du Wang De. His name is george sand and he has a pair of melancholy eyes. Chopin's first impression of her was not good, but she was soon conquered by her charm. Under the control of a passion he had never experienced before, his musical imagination reached a high degree of excitement. For the next eight years, Chopin spent every summer in his villa in george sand. These years are also the most prosperous period of Chopin's creation. However, his health gradually deteriorated and his relationship with george sand broke down. In his last letter, he was full of loneliness and despair. 1848 performed in England and died a few months after returning to Paris at the age of 39. His funeral was held in Mozart's requiem and his own funeral March. He was buried in Lachez cemetery, and a friend scattered Polish soil on his grave-Chopin was one of the most original artists in the Romantic era, and his style was entirely his own, and he would never be confused with others'. Among the first-class artists, Chopin is the only master who concentrates his creative life on the piano. From the beginning, his imagination was dedicated to the keyboard, and he created a world in this narrow structure. His genius even turned the limitations of the piano into a source of beauty. Of course, the main limitation of the piano is that it can't play persistent notes of any length, but Chopin skillfully overcame these limitations. He contributed as much to the formation of modern piano style as any musician. Chopin used pedals to keep the chords far apart in the bass continuous, forming a charming melody group. He told the students, "Sing every note." In his music, exquisite decorations-vibrato, decorative notes and light transitional sentences-magically extend those single notes. All these things are always arranged smoothly, and the music almost seems to be played by oneself-in Chopin's body, his mother's blood is dominant, and he is the first great composer who strongly highlights the Slavic national factors in his music. Since then, Slavic national factors have entered the mainstream of European music. In Chopin's Bolognez in War Atmosphere, the blood of the Polish nation is boiling strongly, and their vigorous, brave and arched melody is like a curved steel bar. Knight-like Mazzuca is shining with a fiery and brilliant gesture; Sweet tenderness and witty flirting run through the waltz. Besides these spiritual dance forms, Chopin also created fantasia, scherzo, narrative, impromptu, prelude and sonata. His feelings are sometimes mysterious like a devil, and sometimes charming like a water demon, but they are always warm and kind. Spirituality, through his lyricism, has become a universal language, celebrating the greatest victory in his brilliant etudes, and those nocturnes are his dreams in loneliness, and he confides a person's most sincere desire to the quiet night. Although he is a lucky darling on the surface, in fact, like many romantic people of his contemporaries, he is also a man who has suffered a lot in life.

7. Beethoven

1787 In April, a young man went to Vienna to meet Mozart, a great musician at that time. This man is ugly, short and smart. He shows off his piano skills in front of Mozart, and even Mozart, who is known as a prodigy, is amazed. Immediately said to the friends present: "This young man will definitely make a fire for the music scene." Mozart's prediction became a reality in less than ten years. This man is the famous Beethoven. Beethoven was born in Bonn on the Rhine near Cologne, Germany on 17701February 16. His father John is a mediocre man and an alcoholic. Beethoven was unhappy in his childhood, but he was whipped. His father wanted his son to be a prodigy and let him enjoy wealth by him, so he forced him to learn piano. If he fails, he will be defeated. Beethoven spent his childhood in this tragic and painful fate. Beethoven's extraordinary talent, coupled with hard training the day after tomorrow, is getting higher and higher, and even his teachers are full of regrets. At the age of twelve, Beethoven was employed as a court clavichord and organ musician, and he also assumed the responsibility of supporting his family. Beethoven gained more and more attention in the court, but he was ambitious and went to Vienna to pay homage to Mozart in 1787. Unfortunately, his mother was critically ill in Bonn and died shortly after returning home. This was a great blow to Beethoven, who stayed in Bonn for another five years. In order to realize his ideal, Beethoven went to Vienna again in 1792. This time, Count Walstam gave a lot of help. In return, Beethoven later created a piano sonata and dedicated it to Walstam. In Vienna, Beethoven studied under Haydn for a year, and then asked for advice from famous teachers such as Schenk, Abramovich Zberg and salieri, especially the latter. He studied for ten years in order to break free and pursue freedom. Beethoven held his first concert in Vienna on 1795, when he personally played his Piano Concerto No.2, which left a deep impression on the citizens of Vienna and made him famous far and wide. His first symphony was written late, and three piano trio Beethoven were published in the same year, which also established his dual reputation as a performer and composer. In the next five years, he composed piano sonatas No.1 to No.11 and piano concertos No.1 to No.3. 1799, Beethoven completed the first symphony. With his magical imagination, he successively wrote masterpieces that shocked the music world. In these works, life is full of joy and enthusiasm, showing an unprecedented free artistic conception, breaking through the strict form that even Mozart is bound. Dove's reputation reached its zenith when it was smooth sailing, but unfortunately, fate came to him-he was deaf and dumb, and he was a giant who could not hear. This is a cruel blow. For fear that people would find him deaf, Beethoven gradually lived alone and became more and more withdrawn. At this time, he fell in love with 17-year-old girl Juliet Gucci Adi. The famous piano sonata "Moonlight"No. 14 is the work they fell in love with. 1802, Beethoven moved to the quiet village of Heirikin, an hour's drive from Vienna, where he finished his second symphony. But the deterioration of ear disease made him miserable, so he wrote Heiligenstadt's suicide note, stating his tragic experience and misfortune. Later Beethoven rebuilt his confidence because of Kant's philosophy. The best way to forget misfortune is to work hard. At this time, he returned to Vienna, full of music, and in 1803, he wrote the thunderous third symphony "Hero". This song was originally intended to be dedicated to Napoleon, but Beethoven was angry because Napoleon was crowned emperor, so he erased Napoleon's name and renamed it "Symphony of Heroes". In the same year, Beethoven wrote an excellent ninth violin sonata Croce. 1804 piano sonata No.21Waldstein was completed. The following year, he completed the piano sonata No.23, Passion, and the unique opera Federio. In this series of works, he showed his true skills, such as "Hua Stein" and "Enthusiasm", which fascinated the world. 1806, he also composed the piano concerto No.4 and violin concerto in D major. 1808, Beethoven published the fifth symphony Destiny and the sixth symphony Pastoral at the same time. 1809 Completed the fifth piano concerto "The Emperor". These are immortal masterpieces, and there is a passionate volcano. Beethoven's heart contains endless feelings, exquisite, extraordinary, harmonious and perfect. Beethoven intentionally incorporated his ideas into music. For example, in the fifth "Destiny", the theme motive at the beginning is that the God of Destiny knocks hard at the door, while in the sixth "Pastoral", Beethoven's intention to describe nature is more obvious. In the first movement, he marked the words "a country that makes people feel relaxed and happy". 1809, Napoleon captured Vienna, Prince Gongsun fled, and Beethoven's economy was in trouble. In the days of the war, he still stayed in Vienna and painstakingly created. His concerto "The Emperor" was written in the rumble of guns. Because the first performances of Destiny and Pastoral didn't win the favor of the Viennese people, Beethoven decided to leave for Germany, but thanks to the efforts of Duke Rudolph, Prince Robert Gorwitz and Duke kinski, he stayed. Later, Beethoven wrote the Grand Duke Piano Trio for these benefactors, and music flew into the homes of ordinary people. Since the French Revolution, the air in Europe has become fresh, and individual freedom and human rights have been confirmed. Beethoven also popularized music and brought it from the nobility to the whole people. Beethoven's achievements are immortal. After Napoleon's defeat, Vienna resumed its joyful atmosphere. 18 12, Beethoven premiered the Seventh Symphony and the Eighth Symphony at the concert for the disabled, which was a sensation. He won the respect of the people of Vienna. Beethoven suffered from physiological deafness from 1804 to 18 14, but during these eleven years, his works were rich in content and had unprecedented historical value. He wrote a brilliant stroke in the treasure house of human music. His Seventh Symphony has no title. Wagner thinks this piece is a symbol of dance, especially the passionate final movement. The Eighth Symphony is the clearest and most refreshing of his nine symphonies. He browses life with a philosophical and detached attitude. Beethoven's third life began in 18 15 years. At that time, he had reached the prime of life and had a more thorough understanding of life. Since then, except for the ninth symphony "Chorus" and "Solemn Mass", all his music is piano sonata and string quartet, all of which have an inner and profound spiritual mood. With the death of his younger brother Carl in 18 14, Beethoven assumed the responsibility of guardianship and raising his nephew. But the adoption process and the problems caused by his nephew afterwards made him suffer a lot. In a word, he cannot transfer his love to his nephew. Beethoven's theory about how to get along with people completely collapsed. Beethoven, the music saint, became more depressed, and his physical condition was more serious, and his economy was very tight. At that time, he was working hard to create two major works-Solemn Mass and Ninth Symphony. In particular, when Rudolph was appointed archbishop, the first song was played for him. It took him about five years to finish it in 1823 due to his heavy responsibilities. His Ninth Symphony premiered on May 7th of the following year, which pushed his popularity to a new peak. The chorus of "Ode to Joy" in the Ninth Symphony is taken from Schiller's poem "Ode to Joy". He had this idea in his early years and finally got it 32 years later. The success of the Ninth Symphony brought him the greatest glory and joy in his life. Beethoven personally directed the rehearsal of the Ninth Symphony, but due to deafness and disorder, Mrav conducted the formal performance. Beethoven is still on the stage, with his back to the audience. After the whole song was sung, the audience was deeply moved, cheered loudly and applauded like thunder, but Beethoven was unconscious. After being reminded by the performer, he saw the touching scene and answered with tears. This is Beethoven's last public appearance. He unconsciously suffered from liver disease, and his life was getting worse every day. His dying mind tends to be quiet. At this time, Beethoven seemed to be in a thin and pure sky, overlooking the world he was about to leave. He wrote five final string quartets. These chamber music are his last works and Beethoven's will to the world. It proves to the whole world that the spirit can overcome pain and even death. The last spring thunder sounded, and Beethoven's life was coming to an end. Only in 1826, he had four operations, but his condition did not improve. 1on the afternoon of March 26th, 827, a snowstorm suddenly started in Vienna, accompanied by deafening spring thunder. At this time, Beethoven clenched his right fist and swallowed his last breath. According to ancient records, Beethoven's funeral was held on March 29th, and more than 20,000 Viennese citizens took part in the escort to Jasseur Church where mass was held. ...