Does anyone know the history of corridors and bridges? Need to explain in detail.

Corridor refers to the corridor under the eaves, the passage in the house or the independent covered passage. Including cloisters and verandahs, it has the functions of sunshade, rainproof, nap and so on. Corridor is an integral part of architecture, and it is also an important means to form architectural appearance characteristics and divide spatial pattern. For example, the cloister around the courtyard is very important for the treatment of courtyard space and the beautification of volume; The veranda in the park can be divided into scenic spots, forming spatial changes, increasing the depth of field and guiding tourists. The corridors in ancient buildings in China are often equipped with geometric railings, benches, gooseneck chairs (that is, beauty chairs), hanging paintings and colored paintings; The partition walls are often decorated with various decorative components such as light-transmitting windows, air leakage windows, moon doors and bottle doors. Gallery is an important part of China's ancient architectural features. As a transitional space between indoor and outdoor, the corridor under the cornice of the entrance hall is an important means to form a sense of realism and rhythm in architectural modeling. The cloisters around the courtyard play an important role in beautifying the pattern and volume of the courtyard space, which can cause different effects such as solemnity, liveliness, openness, profundity, occlusion and connectivity. The veranda in the garden mainly plays the role of dividing scenic spots, causing various spatial changes, increasing the depth of field and guiding the best viewing route.

Bridges are large structures used to cross obstacles. Specifically, it is a structure used to cross traffic routes (such as roads, railways, waterways, etc.). ) or natural obstacles (such as rivers, straits, canyons, etc.) on other facilities (such as pipelines and cables). ) or artificial obstacles (expressway and railway lines). The purpose of the bridge is to let people, vehicles, trains or ships pass through obstacles. Bridges in China have gone through four stages of development. The first stage is mainly in the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Period, including the previous historical era, which is the founding period of the ancient bridge. At this time, in addition to the original wooden bridge and Tingbu bridge, there are mainly two forms of bridge: beam bridge and pontoon bridge. At that time, due to the backward level of productivity, most of them could only be built in areas with flat terrain, narrow rivers and gentle water flow, and bridges could only be wooden beams, so the technical problems were relatively easy to solve. On the other hand, pontoons are often used in rivers with wide water surface and fast flowing water. The second stage is dominated by Qin and Han dynasties, including the Warring States and the Three Kingdoms, which is the period of creation and development of ancient bridges. Qin and Han dynasties are a dazzling development stage in the history of Chinese architecture. At this time, not only the bricks of artificial building materials were invented, but also the arch coupon structure with the theme of masonry structure system was created, which created the prerequisite for the emergence of arch bridges later. The appearance of ironware in the Warring States period also promoted the multi-faceted utilization of stone materials in buildings, thus adding new components such as stone pillars, Liang Shi and stone bridge surfaces to the log beam bridge. Not only that, but also its great significance lies in the stone arch bridge came into being. The establishment of stone arch bridge has played an epoch-making role in the history of ancient bridge construction in China, no matter from the practical, economic or aesthetic point of view. The great development of Liang Shi stone arch bridge not only reduces the maintenance cost and prolongs the service life of the bridge, but also improves the scientific level of structural theory and construction technology. Therefore, the use of building stone and the emergence of arch coupon technology in Qin and Han dynasties are actually a major revolution in the history of bridge construction. Therefore, according to some documents and archaeological data, about the Eastern Han Dynasty, four basic bridge types, namely, beam bridge, pontoon bridge, cable bridge and arch bridge, were formed. The third stage is dominated by the Tang and Song Dynasties, supplemented by the Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties, which is the heyday of the development of the ancient bridge. Compared with Qin and Han Dynasties, Sui and Tang Dynasties had stronger national strength, and Tang and Song Dynasties achieved long-term stability and unity. The level of industry and commerce, transportation and science and technology were very developed, and it was the most advanced country in the world at that time. After the Eastern Jin Dynasty, because a large number of Han nobles moved south, the economic center moved from the Yellow River basin to the Yangtze River basin, which made the economy of the southeast water network area develop greatly, and the development of economy and technology in turn stimulated the great development of the bridge. Therefore, many bridges that attracted worldwide attention came into being at this time, such as Zhao Zhouqiao, which was an open-shouldered stone arch bridge initiated by Li Chun, a stonemason in Sui Dynasty, Hongqiao, a stoplog wooden arch bridge invented by abandoned soldiers in Northern Song Dynasty, and Wan 'an Bridge in Quanzhou, which was founded by recitation, and Xiangzi Bridge in Chaozhou, Guangdong Province, which was a combination of Liang Shi Bridge and telescopic pontoon bridge in Southern Song Dynasty. These bridges are very famous in the history of bridges in the world, especially in Zhao Zhouqiao. Seven centuries later, similar bridges appeared in other countries in the world. Throughout the history of Chinese bridges, almost all major inventions and achievements, as well as bridges that can compete for the first place in the world, were produced at this time. The fourth stage is Yuan Dynasty, Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty, which is the saturation period of bridge development, and there are almost no major innovations and technological breakthroughs. At this time, the main achievement is to repair and transform some ancient bridges, leaving many construction documents for bridge construction, providing a lot of written materials for future generations. In addition, some arduous projects, such as Wannian Bridge in Cheng Nan, Jiangxi and Panjiang Bridge in Guizhou, were completed. At the same time, Sichuan, Yunnan and other places have built many cable bridges, and the construction technology of cable bridges has also improved. In the late Qing Dynasty, that is, 188 1 year, with the opening of the first railway in China, another technological revolution in the history of Chinese bridges was ushered in.