Du Fu's ancient poems are urgent and shorter! ! ! thank you !

Du Fu was in Qin Zhou in 759 AD (full text)

Author: Xiao Xue No.2

One of Du Fu's Qin Zhou: Pass Mountain.

Du Fu's Second Visit to Qin Zhou: The First Poem of Qinzhou Miscellaneous Poems

Du Fu's Third Part in Qin Zhou: Blood Horse

Du Fu's Fourth Place in Qin Zhou: Nanguo Temple

Du Fu's fifth tour of Zhou Qin: collecting herbs and drying grass.

Du Fu Liu in Qin Zhou: Wind Disease

Du Fu Seven in Qin Zhou: Li Bai's Dream

Ruan Yun, eight friends of Du Fu in Qin Zhou.

One of Du Fu's Qin Zhou: Pass Mountain.

In July 759, the day after beginning of autumn, Du Fu, the immortal poet of the Chinese nation, was greeted by a frown in the distant Guanshan Longshui.

Du Fu 7 12 was born in Gongxian County, Henan Province. Lost his mother at the age of five. At the age of seven, I can write poetry, and it comes out as a chapter: "At the age of seven, I have a strong mind and open my mouth to sing the phoenix." 19 years old to visit Shanxi, 20 years old to visit wuyue. At the age of 24, it is not the first time to raise a scholar. At the age of 25, you were surprised. At the age of 44, the Anshi Rebellion broke out. 46-year-old "Ma Xie saw the son of heaven and gave his collection with tears". In June of the following year, he was demoted to join the army. After beginning of autumn in July, he wrote a poem "Postscript of beginning of autumn" and abandoned his official position and son to come to Qin Zhou. Du Fu lived in Qin Zhou for nearly 100 days.

There are always different opinions about the reasons why Du Fu traveled to Qin, such as visiting relatives and friends, passing through Shu, asking for food and clothing, retiring in frustration, traveling far and staying long, etc. One of the most representative is the theory of "Wan Li Hunger Drive", which fled westward to relatives and friends because of hunger and chaos in Shanhaiguan. People who hold this view are generally based on the following words: "The Book of the Tang Dynasty" says: "Seeing hunger again, (Du Fu) needs to abandon his official position." The German Mo Zhi family also thought: "Du Fu left the north, moved south with his family, and constantly sought economic help." (Pipe Taper and Du Fu's New Explanation, P 165, Hebei Education Press 1997 1 1). In fact, the word "tour" in the second sentence of Du Fu's first poem "Qinzhou Miscellaneous Poems" shows that Du Fu's "tour" in Qinzhou should have at least three purposes: study tour, traveling and singing vagrancy.

After Du Fu's family left Iowa, they wandered westward, and Mu Feng combed the rain all the way. Judging from the poems such as "It's too late to go back to Ban Long" and "I missed Ban Long yesterday", they came to Qin Zhou over Longshan (now called Guanshan) at the junction of Longxian County in Shaanxi Province and Sol Zhang in Gansu Province. At that time, in the eyes of ordinary people in China, crossing the mountain was like going out of the Buddhist paradise. This is a trip full of sadness and helplessness, but there are also many adventures.

The Guanlong Post Road in early autumn is winding and deserted, sometimes dilapidated, sometimes rocky and sometimes muddy. On both sides of the road, old trees are overgrown with weeds, and frightened strange birds rush into the cloudy sky from time to time. A carriage trudged in the mud, and its creaking voice looked sloppy, like history groaning uneasily. Along the way, Du Fu and others met other refugees from time to time, and Tang Jun's team often flew by. The cavalry, with their faces tense and dusty, were bent on urging their horses, as if they turned a blind eye to the people standing by. Soon, they pattered away, leaving Du Fu with a confused cloud of smoke.

In the smoke, beside the carriage, Du Fu rode an old horse, wearing a hat and Agger suit, and his face was tired. This horse may be a "chasing mule" that Li gave to the poet. Otherwise, when he first arrived in Iowa, he found a sick horse abandoned by the army. He took the horse home and took good care of it. It is estimated that it has recovered well at this time, and it should also go with Du Fu's family. While shaking his horse, Du Fu greedily looked around the early autumn scenery in Gansu. His eyes clearly reveal his infinite attachment to the strange mountains and strange waters in the northwest, and also reveal a poet's faint sadness about the current affairs of the country during the troubled times-from Huazhou to Qin Zhou, thousands of miles away, even if the scene of "Zhu Men stinks of wine and meat" does not reappear, the scene of "the road freezes to death" is likely to encounter him again.

Sitting in the carriage are Du Fu's wife Yang Wan and several children. Yang Wan is the daughter of Yang Yi, who is a good friend of Du Fu's father Du Xian. She is 12 years younger than Du Fu. She likes reading and writes well since she was a child. Beautiful appearance and dignified words and deeds, gentle and considerate temperament. They got married in 740 AD, when Du Fu was 30 years old. Over the years, she has given birth to children for Du Fu, but she is also worried. She is Du Fu's wife who shares joys and sorrows, and an understanding friend of Du Fu. Now, she is running with Du Fu on the wandering road with uncertain future, and her eyes are worried but firm. In her arms, holding her daughter Du Rong. In Du Fu's poem "The Northern Expedition", it is said that "two little girls in front of the bed go over their knees after mending", but when they come to Qin Zhou, they seem to have only one daughter. Beside her are sons Wen Zong and Zong Wu. According to scholar Feng Zhi, Wen Zong should be nine years old and Zong Wu should be six years old. More than a thousand years later, in the secluded Du Fu Temple in the famous Nanguo Temple in the south of Tianshui City, Gansu Province, the two "buddhist nun" holding scrolls were actually Du Fu's two sons, one named Wen Zong, nicknamed Xiong Er, and the other named Zong Wu, nicknamed Ji Zi. Du Fu's favorite is his youngest son, Ji Zi. There is a line in the poem "Jixing" as proof:

Ji Ji is a clever and sensible child. Fang began to talk the year before last.

I know the names of the guests from home, and I can recite my poems.

Du Fu's younger brother Du Zhan is whipping horses for them.

There are five Du Fu brothers, Du Fu is the eldest, and the four brothers are Ying, Guan, Feng and Zhan respectively. At this time, only the younger brothers Du Zhan and Du Fu were together, and the other three were scattered in Henan and Shandong. Du Zhan was about eighteen or nineteen years old at that time. He was a strong young man and had to whip the driver on the road in Qin Long.

Du Zhan and Du Zhan explore Guan Long Road Dust, Du Fu's servant Du An. Duane's parents died when he was 10 years old. Du Fu's mother, Cui Shi, felt sorry for him and took him home as a servant. Although Duane has never read a book, he is clever by nature. He is a true friend of Du Fu and is called a master servant. He followed Du Fu all his life until he died on a boat from Tanzhou to Yuezhou. At the moment, Duane must be laughing with someone.

Although their journey is hard, it must be happy.

For Du Fu, will this crossing of Guanshan surpass the meaning of geographical crossing and mean a crossing in the sense of life?

Du Fu's Second Visit to Qin Zhou: The First Poem of Qinzhou Miscellaneous Poems

When Du Fu and his party finally entered the boundary of Qin Zhou, they touched the boundary pillar of "Qin Zhou" and looked at the Chengtou of Qin Zhou. Du Fu may think of "Into Qin Zhou";

Ronsaka is infinite, but it is infinite.

The stone path is suspected to be broken, and the current is empty.

Bloom is green and wild, and warblers sing the purple rock wind.

Don't win in Chunfang, an old friend who stayed in Chunfang asked.

In 759 AD, Qin Zhou Chengtou was a garrison building. Above the national flag, heavy clouds hang low and the sky is high and the clouds are light. The foot soldiers guarding the city were silent and indifferent. Contact the fact that the Tubo people harassed the Tang Dynasty at that time and the Tubo invaded Qin Zhou four years later. As we can imagine, this official announcement must have been posted on the gate of Qin Zhou:

..... Tubo thieves are rampant. The day before yesterday, they attacked two counties in Zhou Tao and Zhou Min, injuring more than 40 villagers, taking away hundreds of women, plundering countless properties and burning houses and manors ... Xiaoyu, the shepherd of this country, the people of Qin Zhou, must. ...

Du Fu and his party entered Qinzhou City with great interest.

At night, the children all fell asleep. Several small heads were neatly arranged on the edge of the kang in the apartment and slept soundly under the light. The newly washed clothes are hanging on the other side of the room. His wife, Yang, hung one leg on the edge of the kang, sewing clothes stitch by stitch under the slightly swaying oil lamp. The light shone on her beautiful but tired face. She must be too tired. And her husband, Du Fu, will rummage through a pile of portable poems in front of a pear square table.

Du Fu hung a picture on the wall of the house, and the earth wall suddenly lit up, like a dragon snake walking in a stagnant water. This is a sentence given to him by his good friend Zheng Qian, and it is also a treasure he has treasured for many years. "Zheng Qian is about twenty years older than Du Fu, and he is a versatile person. His words, paintings and poems were once called "three musts" by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. In addition, he is familiar with astronomy, geography, national defense and medicine. During his stay in Chang 'an, Du Fu often drank and wrote articles with Zheng Qian, and was his closest friend. Du Fu wrote many poems to give and miss Zheng Qian. " (Li Jizu's Notes on Du Fu's Longyou Poems P 138)

After Du Fu hung up, he shook his head, looked at it and then helped to correct it. Then he opened a photo.

This is a picture of a goshawk painted by a friend, with Du Fu's poem "Painting an Eagle" on it:

Plain practice frost, eagle painting extraordinary.

Thinking of a cunning rabbit in a hot body makes one's eyebrows look like sorrow.

Optical rotation can be picked up and called Xuan.

When you hit every bird, your hair and blood will splash out to smooth the weeds.

When his wife fell asleep, Du Fu began to grind ink by candlelight. One of his hands and one of his ink began to spin, round and round. But his thoughts, like a lake smashed by a stone, gradually swung out of the house, the distant sound of drums and horns in the border town, and the mysterious night of the ancient city of Qinzhou. One side of Mo Chi, he gradually turned into a chaotic world-the army of the Tang Dynasty was defeated in the harsh sound of drums and horns. Abandon your helmet and armor, drag the flag and flee. Shi Siming captured Luoyang again. The Uighur cavalry fled in despair. People are fleeing. Groans under the iron hoof, trombone. Lost their homes in the raging fire, but the Anshi rebellion laughed. Guanzhong is hungry. Hungry everywhere. Officials arrest people at night. The old man walked over the wall. The old woman went out to visit. My family was also among the fleeing people, and I didn't know where to go. I stumbled on the road and the animals were quickly taken away. He was captured by the rebels in the Anshi Rebellion. Iowa is a snobbish and ugly little man. A mountain of cases and documents. Sweat like rain. Anger. Stop writing angrily. Look up at the sky and sigh!

This sigh, from Iowa, long sigh to Qin Zhou.

Du Fu thought of climbing mountains, wading and pitching on his dragon-watching road. The family is walking on the winding mountain road, not knowing what will happen in the road ahead, and they always feel insecure. Looking up at the top of the mountain, the running water dried up and the plants withered, and his future was uncertain. I wonder if there will be a good landing ... how can all this not make him sad?

Du Fu wrote the first poem of "Twenty Poems of Qinzhou", which was later famous in the history of literature:

Full of sadness and trouble, because people travel far away.

It's too late to go back to Gansu and worry for too long.

When the water falls, the ichthyosaur stays overnight, Tonamiyama falls, and the mouse falls.

When the Western Expedition asked about the bonfire, my heart broke this long stay.

The sentence "full of sorrow, because people travel far" is written desolate and miserable. Words such as "sadness", "distance", "fear", "worry", "question" and "fold" convey many aspects of the poet's mood at that time.

When dusk came through the window the next day, Du Fu's family was still sleeping soundly, and Du Fu slept soundly and deeply. After being tired on the pommel horse for many days, he really should have a good sleep.

Du Fu's Third Part in Qin Zhou: Blood Horse

When Du Fu first lived in Qin Zhou, his main activities were in urban areas and suburbs. What he saw was "no storm, no jathyapple entering" Qin Zhou scenery, except for the Huma Qiang women and Zhumen skinny people in the market. During the period, he and his family went out to collect herbs when it was sunny, and studied, thought, remembered their loved ones and sent happiness in his apartment when it was rainy. At that time, Du Zuo did not arrive, Ruan Yun did not know, Zangong did not visit, and the beauty did not meet. In addition, the Sichuan resources he brought with him are still relatively rich. The weather is cold or not, and he is not tired of running around or bothering with official business. For a poet, it was a rare good day to stay away from war and stay in beautiful mountains and rivers.

This morning, the sunshine filled the streets of Qinzhou City, and Du Fu led his daughter Du Rong out of the apartment in this bright sunshine. Behind him, Du Zhan was carrying a bag. It seems that he wanted to buy rice by the way. Wen Zong and Zong Wu, inevitably, should follow him. They are going to have a good look at this strange and magical western town.

They soon came to the inhabited areas of the Yi and Qiang nationalities who surrendered to the Tang Dynasty. There used to be many tents here. People with strange eyebrows and strange eyes were killing cattle and sheep, cooking with salaries, or sitting and laughing. These strange men, women and children opened Du Fu's eyes and surprised his children.

Someone is killing cattle. The big fellow bit the knife in his mouth and grabbed the horn with both hands. The poor cow seemed to have an ominous premonition and struggled desperately, but it was too late. People have roped him, and his struggle can only make him fall. Several men quickly tied the cow's leg, and the man who bit the cow grabbed the cow's head, broke free from his hand, took a knife, and stared at Niu Angfen's neck, and blood gushed out. Soon, an old black cow died into a pile of beef.

In 759 AD, Qin Zhou was a prosperous Qin Zhou, an important town on the Northwest Silk Road, a gathering place for materials and ethnic groups. On this day, as usual, there is another game on the strip. There are two Uygur teenagers wrestling. Both of them are strong and brave, and their bare muscles shine with the unique courage of ethnic minorities. Aside, seven or eight kind-hearted onlookers are cheering for them: "Hard work! Push hard! Go on a trip! ..... "Not far away, a A Qiang rider was performing his equestrian: he sometimes urged the horse to gallop, and sometimes suddenly pulled back, making the horse fly and hiss. He flew off the saddle in the fast Mercedes-Benz, picked up a combat knife from the ground, and then rode with it and brushed it. I saw a flash of white light, and a wooden stake was split in half.

Then another man stood up and said, Let's see my archery. He pulled the bow, picked up an arrow, simply searched the sky and said yes-his arm moved, and with a whoosh, an arrow shot down a bird. Everyone cheered, and Du Fu stood aside and said, "Archery is better than Li Guang! Li Guang is far behind! "

The third "Twenty Miscellaneous Poems of Qinzhou" is obviously the representative work of the poet Du Fu with Qinzhou as the background. Several verbs, such as "Ling", "Chu", "You" and "Lai", can clearly show the poet's observation point and angle. We followed Du Fu's eyes and clearly saw some strange scenery in the western border town:

The state map leads to the same valley, and the post road leads to quicksand.

Thousands of accounts and tens of thousands more surrendered to Lu.

Ma Jiao Zhu sweat, Hu Wubai oblique topic.

When I was young, I boasted when I came to the West.

Obviously, when Du Fu was in Qinzhou City, he saw a rare bloody horse in the Western Region in the Central Plains: the words "Horse horn and Zhu Khan fell" must be Du Fu's realism rather than imagination of Qin Zhou at that time.

We can imagine the scene at that time: suddenly, a powerful group of conference semifinals rushed into the tent forest. Some of them continued to gallop away, while others stopped. The rider fell off the saddle. After running for a certain distance, the horse is still breathing, and the white air is like white clouds beside the horse's face. The horse's hoof is still scratching. This is a western BMW, with a waist of eight feet and a red mane, black curls. Now there are red blood and sweat in the small holes on their front shoulders.

Du Fu was stunned by this rare red sweat: "Blood horse! Isn't this a blood horse? This is a kind of god horse produced by Dawan State in the Western Region! "

Hearing this, the bearded rider who was unloading his saddle said to Du Fu, "The old gentleman has an extraordinary eye and knows a thousand Mary!" Du Fu said dare not dare. "I just know a thing or two. Look at this horse, there is no extra meat on it, and it looks very handsome; Look at its ears, small and sharp, shaped like a bamboo pipe; If you look at its hooves and ankles again, it says in "Xiangma Jing":' A horse's wrist is healthy if it wants to rise; High hoof desire and high risk resistance. "Its hooves are high above, and its wrists are hard ... it looks like a bloody horse at first glance!"

"Mr Right. This is a thoroughbred horse! " The rider said, "There is only one thing, which the gentleman didn't say, and that is this kind of horse. In a few days, it will have to go to Hexi once to eat the grass there, and then he will feel at ease when he comes back! " No, we just got back from our hometown in Hexi. "

Du Fu gave a thoughtful "Oh" when he heard this. This magical blood horse left a strong impression on the poet, which can be seen from the fifth poem of Twenty Qinzhou Miscellaneous Poems:

Western ambassadors are suitable for Tianma and have strong roots.

Clouds don't connect, and autumn grass covers the mountains.

I heard that it is really a dragon, but it is still frosty.

Mourn for the war, stand up and face the boundless.

It can be said that this poem (No.5 of Twenty Miscellaneous Poems of Qinzhou) is only a footnote of the poem "Tonggu of Zhou" (No.3 of Twenty Miscellaneous Poems of Qinzhou).

When Du Fu finally turned to leave, he found the children watching a teenager's dance in the meeting room. A young bodybuilder with white dots on his eyebrows, Hu Wubai Tixie, is performing an exotic western dance. People's cheers are endless. The young man danced smartly and neatly, and Du Fu was fascinated. He couldn't help thinking of Gong Sundaniang, who was dashing in Chang 'an.

Du Fu had seen such flax before, and wrote a poem "Fang Bing Cao flax":

Huma has a great reputation, and her former shuttle is as thin as a bone.

Its ears are as sharp as a piece of bamboo, and it runs like four winds, as if its hoof had not been trampled.

The horse galloped, never in an open way, riding it all very comfortable, dare to roam the battlefield, and even share life and death.

Xiao Teng is so, Wancheng can run amok.

Later, he also wrote "Huhang" and "Li's father-in-law Hu Hang".

My father-in-law's good horse is called Hu Xiang. The year before last, he dodged the golden tiger.

Back to the whip, go to see the son of heaven, drink Hanshui, and die in Yu Ling.

He prided himself on his incomparable beauty and took advantage of the love of thousands of people.

When I heard that I was in urgent need, I turned to the younger generation for help.

Sharp ears on the head approve autumn bamboo, and high hoofs at the foot cut cold jade.

I just know that there is another kind of dragon, which is not as empty as any horse.

Luoyang Avenue has a clear sky in Wan Li, and it is happy to travel eastward every day.

Feng Yilin (one-stop) □ ("Qi" volume changed to focus) is not easy to understand,

Look at the wind sideways.

It should be said that Du Fu is good at horses. 1000 years later, when someone imagined Du Fu's life in Qin Zhou, he said, "He rode a black and thin donkey/on a dusty road/over a canyon/over a forest/behind the distant Tang Dynasty." In fact, when Du Fu traveled in Qin Zhou, he rode a horse instead of a donkey. Feng Zhi's Biography of Du Fu said: When Du Fu was in Huazhou, he happened to go to the eastern suburbs and met a thin horse abandoned by soldiers on the roadside. He also thought of the hardships in the world and wrote an article "Travel Notes of Thin Horse". "

The thin horse in the eastern suburbs hurts me, and the bone head blocks the wall.

When you fall, you will turn to one side. Is this intentional or embarrassing?

Looking closely at the six official characters, the three armies left the roadside.

The skin is peeling and muddy, and the hair is dark and gloomy with snow cream.

Last year, I rushed to catch up with Yukou, but I'm not used to it.

The foot soldiers often ride horses in the stables. They are worried that they will get sick and turn yellow.

There was an error in the calendar block at that time, and you couldn't stop it at all.

If you cry when you see someone miserable, the host is wrong.

The geese are far away in the cold, and the black pecking sores don't collect at dusk.

Let's try to plant spring grass next year.

In connection with Du Fu's love for Chinese herbal medicine, we can even speculate that Du Fu may still be a good horse doctor! It's this skinny abandoned horse. Du Fu took it back, and after careful care, it recovered. Later, he accompanied Du Fu to Qin Zhou. There is also a sick horse in Du Fu's Qinzhou Poems.

I haven't taken the bus for a long time, and it's very cold.

When the dust is exhausted, the disease is sad at the end of the year.

Are the hair and bones unusual? Tamed to this day.

Things are not shallow, moving and thinking!

This sick horse may be a cured old horse and loves to ride. Du Fu and this horse can be described as "friends in need".

This day, he was eating grass in the back trough, and Du Fu came to see him. Du Fu touched the bony bones of the old horse, which held its head high and shook its mane.

Du Fu said: Old chap, you are old, but you have to hold on. In a few days, my old Du will rely on you to travel. How can you and I stay strong in our twilight years?

The old horse seemed to understand and let out a long hiss.

In the autumn of 759 AD, Du Fu's state of mind was really that of an old horse, a state of mind full of courage and infinite sadness.

There is such a sentence in the poem "Red Valley" written by Du Fu after he left Zhou Qin: "My horse bone is broken". Perhaps it was in Gu Chi that Du Fu and his beloved horse parted reluctantly.

Riding a bloody horse like the wind has always been a beautiful dream for people. The cruel reality is that people are carrying horses, * * * thin, * * * sick, * * * old. ...

Du Fu's Fourth Place in Qin Zhou: Nanguo Temple

In 759 AD, Qin Zhou had just entered autumn. Dull thunder. It is raining cats and dogs. Old pagoda trees, green tiles, buildings and huts in Qin Zhou were all bathed in the heavy rain. The street was soon flooded. The river in the rain is more turbulent, the waves are rolling, the firewood is undulating, and the water surface is sparkling. But on the bank of the river, there is a A Qiang teenager watching the river. The rain soaked through his few clothes, and he completely ignored it, just clapping and cheering there: the river has risen again! The river has risen again! Not far away, there was a strong man, like his father, wearing a straw hat and fishing for floating grass and heavy slag in the river with a long cover. A post horse hurried by on the road behind them, and its hoof raised water drops like a broken jade flower all the way.

It may be that this Qiang child is used to it for a long time, so he doesn't look up or look at the Mercedes-Benz pony. However, Du Fu stared at the running post horse for a long time.

When Du Fu walked down the city head, the rain had stopped and Qinzhou City was bright and clean everywhere. While singing, one child kicked the trees by the roadside. Every time he kicks it, another tree shines with light rain. He left a lonely road. There are also some children, holding their pants high and playing barefoot in the stagnant water. However, their adults are busy scooping water from the yard with pots. Du Fu crossed the street and walked into a small hotel.

Du Fu is a man who loves nature. He is a poet. Throughout his life, he has the poetry of traveling to famous mountains. When his life in Qin Zhou is relatively stable and the weather gets better, he will definitely visit several scenic spots nearby.

Du Fu rode two Ma Xie to visit Qin Zhou. Judging from his Qinzhou poems, it seems that Xiao Wei Palace was the first place, followed by Nanshan Temple. Nanshan Temple, which is now Nanguo Temple.

Many years later, the TV commentary "Snow Disaster Nanguo Temple" by Mr. Liu Jin of Tianshui TV Station vividly described Du Fu's trip to Nanguo Temple: "For many years, Nanguo Temple stood quietly at the foot of Yin Hui Mountain outside Qin Zhou, enduring the slow passage of time, as if just waiting for the arrival of a person."

Now, this man named Du Fu has come.

He walked into the red gate of Nanguo Temple at dusk, listened to the gurgling sound of Beiliu spring and touched the vigorous cypress trees in the atrium. He saw the autumn flowers blooming next to the dangerous stone, and showed his femininity through the masculinity of the dangerous stone. Dangerous stones stand tall and grotesque. The setting sun is like gold, pouring on the grass. There is a waste clock lying quietly in the grass. The wet mountain breeze blew, which messed up Du Fu's thoughts, so Du Fu couldn't help but blurt out and recited:

Nanguo Temple on the mountain, where the water is flowing north.

Old trees are empty, and clear canals lead to the city.

Autumn flowers are at the bottom of the dangerous rock, and the evening scenery is by the clock.

Pitching the sad life experience, the stream wind is silent.

Speaking of Du Fu's poems about Nanguo Temple, we have to say Li Bai's poems about Nanguo Temple.

At that time, Qin Zhou was the western frontier of the Tang Dynasty. Since entering the Tang Dynasty, Zhou Qin has become the first important town in the west of Chang 'an in the Tang Dynasty because of its geographical position in Longyou Pass. Whether they are civil servants or military commanders, the first stop for them to leave Beijing is Qin Zhou. Wang Wei, Wang Changling, Gao Shi and others who sang "Lonely smoke in the desert, the long river sets the yen", and these frontier poets who "would rather be a centurion than a scholar" have all stayed in the border town of Qin Zhou. It can be said that Tianshui in those days was an important town for the heroes of the Tang Dynasty to sail to the West, and it was the first memory of the heroes after their farewell in Xianyang. And claimed to be "fifteen good swordsmanship, all-weather." 30% articles, calendar to Qing Xiang. Li Bai, less than seven feet long, was full of worries, probably because of his ancestral home in Qin Zhou, so he came to Qin Zhou earlier than Du Fu. According to the examination, Li Bai once left a poem in Nanguo Temple:

Since then, the wind and dust have started, and the mountains are high and the moonlight is cold.

The East Spring is crystal clear and the West Tower is towering into the sky.

The Buddha lamp is always on, and the incense in the meditation room is half burning.

There are three or five monks, Cooper for thousands of years.

However, this poem is mediocre after all, and it is very likely to be a fake of later generations.

Li Bai spent his life at home all over the world, and his poetry sails hung high between Chu and Han, mostly with poetry as evidence, but his trip to his hometown-if he had really been there-was somewhat silent. Li Bai left a big blank and regret in the history of Qin Zhou.

Soon, Du Fu lived in Tianshui. China's two greatest poets, I don't know why, have an indissoluble bond with Qin Zhou.

There is Fu's Ancestral Hall in Nanguo Temple. There are three statues of Du Fu and Shi Tong in the temple. Du Fuxiang is rich and elegant. He is quite a gentleman. This should be the image in people's minds. There are seasonal fruits and fresh incense on the altar. There is a couplet outside the door of Du Fu's ancestral hall: "The leading man sings long at the full moon, and the autumn wind in Shu Road is full of tears." It concisely and vividly summarizes Du Fu's bleak days and nights in Qin Zhou and his difficult trip to Chengdu.

In recent years, a statue of Du Fu has been built in Nanguo Temple, and the so-called "Er Miao Xuan", that is, Song Wan's poems of Du Fu in Qinzhou, has been carved in Nanguo Temple in the name of Wang Xizhi, which has become one of the best ways for Zhou Qin people to commemorate Du Fu. There is a poem by Song Wan, directly entitled "Shaoling", which is now recorded as a reader: "Shaoling lives in seclusion, and the old house locks berries and moss." On cliffs and stars, a storm is coming. When people go to the Three Gorges, they enter the Seven Mourning Songs. If you want to be an evocation, you will return to the first stream. "

Nanguo Temple is Du Fu's physical and mental "hiding place" in Qin Zhou.

Du Fu's fifth tour of Zhou Qin: collecting herbs and drying grass.

On the morning of a fair in Qin Zhou, an old man from Qin Zhou set up his booth early, sat on a semi-blue brick next to a pile of green wheatgrass and rubbed a straw rope. The polished straw rope coiled up behind him.

Soon, Du Fu and his servant Duane came with their own medicine. Du Fu smiled and said to the old man, "Good morning, grandpa!" The old man looked at Du Fu and pointed to the place surrounded by bricks. Du Fu said: "The old people have worked hard. He was in poor health these two days and got up late. " Du Fu set up a medicine stand himself, so he learned to rub a straw rope with the old man and chatted.

We can imagine: Du Fu's servant Duane must be better than Du Fu in selling medicine, managing and drinking, and he is a capable person. Du Fu should be a stupid shopkeeper.

Du Fu has been planting, collecting, drying and even selling medicine all his life. "According to scholars' research, when Du Fu lived in Zhou Qin, he made a living by collecting herbs and practicing medicine by hanging pots." (Gao Tianyou's Notes on Du Fu's Poems in Longshu, Gansu Nationalities Publishing House, 2002, P56) It is conceivable that during Du Fu's Qin Zhou period, apart from the self-evident "poetic destiny"-writing Qinzhou poems and "destiny"-traveling around the mountains and playing with water, "medical destiny" was a very important part of his life.

Therefore, Du Fu, who visited Qin Zhou in the autumn of 759 AD, cannot be regarded as an ordinary traveler or refugee. On the contrary, we should see that every time he visited Qin Zhou with rickets, he at least showed his dual identity: a poet who resigned from his post and traveled far away, a herbalist with a square scarf and a gown, a medicine basket on his back and a medicine hoe in his hand.

However, Du Fu's "medicine life" in Qin Zhou has not been concerned by scholars. For example, Feng Zhi's novel "Black Silk" and Du Fu's alternative text included at the end of the reprinted biography of Du Fu, intentionally or unintentionally bypassed Du Fu's "memory" of selling medicine in Tanzhou (Changsha):

……

Du Fu listened to this passage carefully.

Just as the old fisherman advised Du Fu, Du Fu was thinking, I have a lot of experience in selling medicine. In Chang 'an, I sold medicine in the mansion of princes and nobles. In Chengdu, I sell medicine among some officials. Now I live in Tanzhou. Why can't I sell medicine to ordinary people? He didn't wait for the fisherman to finish this sentence, so he repeated what the fisherman had said before, "It can not only cure diseases, but also buy some rice."

This means that he accepted the fisherman's advice.

In this passage, Feng Zhi mentioned that Du Fu sold medicine in Chang 'an and Chengdu, but he didn't mention that Du Fu sold medicine in Qin Zhou-even the word "Longyou" was not mentioned. Isn't Du Fu's motivation for selling medicine "not only to cure diseases, but also to buy some rice back" more urgent and typical than Chengdu?

So how did Feng Zhi describe and evaluate Du Fu's "medicine life" in Longyou, that is, the border police and steep mountains and rivers in Longyou?

He said: "But life can't depend entirely on others, so he resumed his life of selling medicine in Chang 'an and maintained food and clothing. We often read Qin Zhou's poems about picking herbs and making medicines in his poems. In the filth of spring water in Taiping Temple, he also dreamed that it would be great if this water, which is more fragrant than milk, was used to irrigate the prosperous medicine garden. "

He finally noticed Du Fu's "medicine life" in Qin Zhou. However, from his understanding of Du Fu's motivation to sell drugs, we can see that Feng Zhi's description of Du Fu's "drug life" in Qin Zhou is still simple, and his thoughts are still superficial-he did not think deeply about Du Fu's "drug life". Because Du Fu's "medicine life" in Qin Zhou-collecting medicine, drying medicine, making medicine and even selling medicine-seems to be an expedient measure and economic behavior forced by life, in fact, this kind of poet selling medicine-instead of ordinary businessmen or villagers selling medicine-just left us more intriguing information about Du Fu's life and thoughts.

Judging from Qin Zhou's poems, Du Fu's Life of Medicine should be based on Du Fu's yearning for seclusion-"poetic dwelling"-and modern China Lu Xun's concern for the human soul world by abandoning medicine and literature. On the contrary, in ancient China, people often abandoned politics and medicine, or literature and society. Moreover, burning medicine, collecting medicine, and even drying medicine were generally regarded by Du Fu and other cultural people as a more elegant and romantic way of life at that time. Perhaps it was a "hobby" when they traveled the mountains and rivers of the motherland, and it was a way for them to talk with nature. Just as sword is a symbol and image of life for Wulin people, medicine should also be a symbol and image of life for cultural people who generally like rural scenery at that time. In addition, Jia Dao's poem "When I asked your students, under a pine tree," he replied, "My teacher went to herbal medicine". However, through these clouds, how can I know which corner of the mountain it is facing? "Will not spread like wildfire. It should also be noted that Du Fu's "medicine life" is a benevolent choice derived from Du Fu's Confucianism. In ancient China, intellectuals studied astronomy from top to bottom, geography from bottom to bottom, and personnel from bottom to bottom-including a little knowledge of medicine and Taoism-as their knowledge structure model, people often associated "good doctor", "learned Confucianism" and "famous minister". In fact, among these people, there are many people who like to know about medical methods and know a little about medical methods, such as Su Dongpo.