What kinds of couplets are divided into according to their uses?

Question 1: What kinds of couplets are divided into at present? Frankly speaking, there is still a lack of clear theoretical research on the classification of couplets. In many cases, the classification of couplets is obviously arbitrary. There is often no unified standard for dividing the types of couplets, the conceptual connotation of different types of couplets is often vague, and the extensions between different types of couplets often overlap with each other, and so on. It should be said that these phenomena are contrary to the basic requirements of scientific classification. In view of this, the author puts forward some of his own superficial ideas in order to attract more attention.

The author thinks that the classification of couplets, like any other classification, needs to be clear about two main problems: one is to clarify the standard of couplet classification; Second, in the classification under a certain standard, we must clarify the concept connotation and extension of different types of couplets, and try our best to avoid or narrow the intersection and overlap of extensions.

There are many standards for the classification of couplets, as follows: First, couplets can be divided into long couplets and short couplets according to the number of words. The upper and lower couplets are composed of many words, which are called long couplets; Couplets whose upper and lower couplets are composed of fewer words are called short couplets. There is no absolute boundary between long couplets and short couplets in terms of the number of words, and the couplets have different opinions and are still inconclusive. Generally speaking, there are four kinds of representative views: the first kind advocates that 16 words or 22 words of the whole couplet should be the lower limit of the number of long couplet words (as Mr. Lu Weilian said); The second category advocates taking 3 words or 4 words of all-union as the lower limit of the number of long-union words (as Mr. Yu Dequan said); The third category advocates taking 6 words or 7 words of all-union as the lower limit of the number of long-union words (as Mr. Zhou Yuanlong said); The fourth category advocates that 9 words or 1 words in the All-China Union should be the lower limit of the number of long-term union words (as Mr. Chang Jiang said). Investigate its reason, the above viewpoints are all self-contained. Relatively speaking, the author personally prefers to say 3 words or 4 words, because this range seems to be close to people's usual vague feeling of long and short conjunctions. However, it can be said that no matter how many words are used to delimit long couplet and short couplet, it seems reluctant, especially when there is only one or a few words difference, it is even more stiff. In fact, long couplet and short couplet belong to the category of vague concepts, and it is unnecessary and difficult to delimit the boundary between them in words. The same is true of other literary genres, such as long poems and short poems. I am afraid there is no absolute limit on the number of lines so far. Therefore, when selecting long and short couplet, as long as there is a relatively reasonable unified standard, it may be better to stipulate separately and form a whole.

Second, according to the number of sentences in couplets and the relationship between them, they can be divided into three types: single sentence couplet, complex sentence couplet and sentence group couplet. The upper and lower couplets are all composed of a single sentence, which is called a single sentence couplet; According to the length of metrical literary sentences, single-sentence couplets are generally short couplets (long couplets are said to be 3 or more words in total). The couplets whose upper and lower couplets are composed of more than two clauses are called complex couplets; Complex sentence couplets are generally between long and short couplets. The couplets whose upper and lower couplets are composed of more than two complex sentences are called sentence groups (or paragraphs). Sentence group association is generally long association. The significance of this division lies in the fact that it is related to the level arrangement of the foot of the sentence.

Third, according to the metrical requirements and rigor of antithesis, couplets can be divided into wide antithesis, work antithesis, skillful antithesis and absolute antithesis. The so-called "tolerance" refers to couplets or sentences with loose or flexible rules and less neat antithesis. The so-called work pair, also known as strict pair, is a couplet or sentence with strict metrical requirements and stable antithesis; The so-called clever pair is also called clever pair, that is, the antithesis is quite clever and unique, or some special skills are highlighted (if it is relatively stable at the same time, it can also be called clever pair); The so-called absolute, can also be called wonderful pair, that is, the antithesis is very difficult or natural, so it is difficult to have other antitheses that can match the sentence or be comparable to the existing antitheses. Of course, there is no clear line between tolerance, work, cleverness and absoluteness.

fourth, according to the content correspondence between the upper and lower couplet, it is divided into positive pair, negative pair and flowing pair. The content correspondence between most couplets belongs to the mutual foil relationship. This kind of foil either sets off and complements each other from the same angle (that is, the so-called "right"), or sets off and contrasts each other from the opposite angle (that is, the so-called "opposition"). In layman's terms, the right pair, that is, the upper and lower parts, have similar ideas, while the opposition, that is, the upper and lower parts, have opposite ideas. There are also a few couplets whose contents correspond to each other (so-called "running pairs" or "serial pairs"), that is, the two clauses of the upper and lower couplets form a complex sentence, and the upper and lower couplets have a complex relationship of coherence, progression, choice, turning, causality, hypothesis, condition and purpose.

Fifth, according to the writing skills or rhetorical devices of couplets, they can also be divided into embedded couplets, palindromes, riddles, set sentences, hidden words, rhyming couplets, etc ... > >

question 2: generally speaking, what five types of couplets can be divided into according to their purposes? Frankly speaking, there is still a lack of clear theoretical research on the classification of couplets. In many cases, the classification of couplets is obviously arbitrary.

There are many standards for the classification of couplets, and the examples are as follows:

First, couplets can be divided into long couplets and short couplets according to the number of words.

Second, according to the number of sentences in couplets and the relationship between them, they can be divided into three types: single sentence couplet, complex sentence couplet and sentence group couplet.

Third, according to the metrical requirements and rigor of antithesis, couplets can be divided into wide antithesis, work antithesis, skillful antithesis and absolute antithesis.

fourth, according to the content correspondence between the upper and lower couplet, it is divided into positive pair, negative pair and flowing pair.

Fifth, according to the writing skills or rhetorical devices of couplets, they can also be divided into embedded couplets, palindromes, riddles, set sentences, hidden couplets, rhyming couplets and so on.

according to the different contents and objects of the couplets, they can be roughly divided into nine categories: festival couplets, festive couplets, mourning couplets, scenic couplets, industry couplets, topic couplets, miscellaneous couplets, academic couplets and interesting couplets.

Question 3: What kinds of couplets are there? One-fu couplets are divided according to their right, right, wrong and right.

the so-called right is to cut from the front, such as where there is a will, there is a way.

The so-called opposition is to cut from the opposite side, such as the sky is high and the earth is thick, such as the black dialogue.

The so-called right is to match the pair according to the meaning of the upper couplet, and the upper couplet is to compete with each other, and the lower couplet is to match the pair according to the metaphor of the upper couplet, such as the sound of reading, family affairs, state affairs and everything in the world.

Second, couplets can be divided into Spring Festival couplets, wedding couplets, elegiac couplets, inspirational couplets and so on. Inspirational couplet can generally be posted in nave in your study or living room.

Third, couplets are unique literary forms in China's excellent traditional culture, and they are couplets literature. Very interesting. You can practice pairing when you have time. You can activate your thinking, improve your reaction ability, and increase your literacy in classical literature. If it helps you, please choose the satisfactory answer

Question 4: What is the common name of couplets? What can be divided into? Couplets, also known as couplets, are a kind of dual literature, which originated from peach symbols and rhymes. Couplets can be roughly divided into poetic couplets. It is a fundamental mistake to say that couplets originated from regular poems by strictly distinguishing the big and small parts of speech based on the custom of Spring Festival couplets and prose couplets. The antithesis of traditional couplets is more neat than the so-called poetic couplets.

With the rise of poetry in the Tang Dynasty, prose couplets were excluded. Prose couplets are generally informal and flat, do not avoid heavy words, do not overemphasize the equivalence of parts of speech, and do not lose the antithesis.

antithetical couplets have a long history, and it is said that they originated from Meng Chang, the ruler of Shu after the Five Dynasties. His inscription "New Year's Eve, Qing Yu, FestivalNo. Changchun" on the peach symbol board at Bedside Gate means "inscribed peach symbol" (see Shu Bian). This is the earliest couplets in China and the first Spring Festival couplets. (see "practical writing", no 1, 1987, "rambling couplets")

the second part is to confront it with foreign objects, or to agree with it or refute it. The meaning and depth of the antithesis, prose couplets can not be said no.

Features:

First, the number of words should be equal and the sentence breaks should be consistent. In addition to deliberately leaving the position of a word to achieve a certain effect, the number of words in the upper and lower couplets must be the same, no more or less.

second, the parts of speech should be relative and in the same position. It is generally called "virtual to virtual, real to real" (the classification of parts of speech in ancient Chinese is different from that in modern Chinese), which is equivalent to noun to noun in modern Chinese.

third, verb to verb, adjective to adjective, quantifier to quantifier, adverb to adverb, and the relative words must be in the same position.

fourth, it is necessary to be flat and even, and the tone is harmonious. According to the rhyme foot, if the upper rhyme foot is puckered, the lower rhyme foot should be flat, which means "puckered up and closed"; otherwise, if the upper rhyme foot is flat, the lower rhyme foot should be puckered up and closed. Both of them are its own requirements.

fifth, the content should be related and connected from top to bottom. The meanings of the upper and lower couplet should be connected with each other and should not be repeated.

6. Everything that becomes an absolute and wonderful pair, such as embedded characters, thimbles, palindromes, split characters, etc., only requires that the last words of the upper and lower couplets be leveled.

Liang Zhangju's Couplet Series, Couplet Continuation and Couplet Three Stories in the Qing Dynasty divided couplets into ten categories, namely, stories, yingzhi, temples, temples, wonders, aphorisms, anecdotes, couplets, set sentences and miscellaneous affixes. The Integration of Couplets published in the Republic of China divides couplets into 2 categories, namely, celebration, mourning, melancholy, school, business, guild hall, temple, temple, theater, first house, garden villa, New Year's Eve, places of interest, gifts, fragrance, set words, set sentences, funny, vernacular and miscellaneous. These two classification methods are divided by practical scope, but the latter is more detailed than the former. If the couplets are classified according to their literal structure, rhetorical skills and logical relations, there are forty or fifty kinds. For example:

1. Dual forms: word pair, matter pair, right pair, opposition, worker pair, wide pair, running pair, palindrome pair, and top pair.

2. Rhetorical devices: metaphor, exaggeration, backchat, pun, rhetorical question and homophonic.

3. Word-using skills: embedding words, hiding words, compound words, overlapping words, radicals, analyzing words, separating words and numbers.

4. Logical structure: juxtaposition, turning, choice, cause and effect.

With the development of society and the further development of culture, there will be more, more complete and perfect couplets.

There are two types of antithesis, one is grammatical antithesis, that is, noun to noun, adjective to adjective, etc.

The other is rhetoric antithesis, which makes different kinds of words antithesis through flexibility and conversion, which is embodied in nouns as adjectives and adjectives as verbs. No matter what kind of confrontation, we must highlight the iconicity of the confrontation. No way, ...Night now yields to a sea of sun won the victory of how ashamed I am to be idler than you statesmen's

thimble couplet

palindrome couplet

numeral couplet

motto and inspirational couplet [1]

anecdote and anecdote couplet

people's association

celebrity association

fun association

humorous association

. Types of couplets

* Spring Festival couplets

China couplets have a long history, rich contents and various types. There are also various views on the classification of couplets. Some people divide couplets into flat and harmonious couplets and informal couplets from the flat and parallel relationship; Some people divide couplets into short couplets and long couplets from the number of words; Some people also divide it into writing scenes, celebrating, giving and answering, Kit Kat, etc.

The classification here is mainly based on the function of couplets, but this is only relatively speaking. Some couplets actually have multiple functions, and it is inevitable that there will be overlaps if they are divided according to their functions. The so-called "Spring Festival couplets", also called "Spring Stickers", are couplets made to celebrate the Spring Festival, which is an important form of couplets and the most common one. This kind of couplets, mostly to express their feelings, hope that a year of good luck. For example: a unified beginning; Wanxiang update. The motherland has a beautiful day; There is spring breeze everywhere in China. Rain moistens Yao Tian, and it goes back to autumn year after year, so you should sow Xiantao first; The east wind blows the earth, and the trees are full of new opportunities, but you can know the spring by looking at the willows. Spring returns, green mountains and green waters, the motherland is as beautiful as ever; Warm China, long life and happiness. Up and down, men and women, old and young, all add one year; Every household, talking and laughing, is happy and happy, and all celebrate the New Year. The language of Spring Festival couplets is generally relaxed and cheerful, full of joy, and the red color is matched with auspicious words, which adds a happy atmosphere to the Spring Festival.

* Festival couplets

The so-called festival couplets are written to celebrate and commemorate various festivals, so as to make them more joyful, warm and solemn. This kind of festival couplet can be said to be the expansion and evolution of Spring Festival couplets. At present, it has become a unique form of couplet. For example: peaches and plums are all over the world; Educate all over China. (school celebration) 1, yuan midnight snack; A street song of peace. (Lantern Festival couplet) People are especially happy when they are happy; It is especially bright from January to Mid-Autumn Festival. (Mid-Autumn Festival couplets) The pulse is as deep as the spring glow to nurture peaches and plums; A bitter heart shines like a candle in the spring and autumn. (Teachers' Day Union) The military loves public opinion like a mountain; People support the army as deep as the sea. Festival couplets ("August 1st Festival") are rich in festive atmosphere, suitable for the object of writing, and highly targeted.

* Door couplet

The so-called door couplet means "door pair" and "door sticker". Generally, it is a couplet engraved or written by the door, which often plays a role in indicating the family or the owner's interest. For example, in the old days, what was more common in the scholarly family was that "faithfulness lasts for a long time, and poetry and books last forever". Generally speaking, what kind of door couplet should be written according to the family background, and it is easier to confuse it, otherwise it will make a joke. For example: the strategy of the state dynasty is unparalleled; The first article in Hanyuan. (Zhu Yuanzhang's book is sent to Tao An's door couplet) and the country is salty, and the wealth is honored; The same day is old, and the article is moral and sacred. (Confucius and Mencius) Labor has been handed down for a long time; Diligence is the successor of generations. Carry forward the revolutionary tradition; Strive for greater glory. Fish jumps over the blue sea and praises the sea; Birds fly in the blue sky and praise the sky high. Pine, bamboo, plum, cold, three friends, peach, plum, apricot and spring breeze. The first and second pairs of the above-mentioned couplets are in line with the family characteristics of Tao An and Confucius' House respectively, the third pair is more common in the families of workers and peasants, the fourth pair is more common in the families of military martyrs, and the fifth and sixth pairs are more common in the families of military martyrs to show the master's ambition and interest.

* Professional Association

The so-called professional association, that is, industry couplets, is attached to the door, which makes people know the characteristics of its industry at a glance and plays the role of industry advertising. It is a kind of couplets that cannot be underestimated. This kind of couplets is rich and attractive. Moistening poetry and painting is still moist; Drunk with love, drunk with pen. (Hotel Union) Meet by chance like friends and relatives; Parking for a while is like going home. (Hotel Union) Flowers are eager to see each other; Under the bamboo, I participated in the Lu Yu Jing. (Teahouse Union) Although there is no skill at all; But it is the top kung fu. (Barber shop) Tao Qian is good at drinking, Yi Ya is good at cooking, and drinking and cooking are moderate; Tao Kan cherish points, Xia Yu cherish inches, measured. (Hotel Union) engraved to remind people of the province; The voice advised you to cherish the wonderful sound. (Watch Shop Union) There is no nobility in the profession. As long as he is at ease, he shaves his head and sings and sews clothes, which is not low; Character should be divided