Yi Rui Qingteng Hotel

Throughout the development of ancient and modern cities, building cities and gardening are inseparable and interdependent.

When it comes to classical gardens in China, Suzhou gardens in the south and royal gardens in the north, there are few words to describe Shaoxing gardens. Shaoxing seems to have no important position in the history of China gardens.

In fact, there are more than 280 Shaoxing gardens in Yue Zhong Garden Pavilion by Qi Biaojia in the Ming Dynasty, including 170 in the Ming Dynasty. As far as density is concerned, Shaoxing gardens far surpass Suzhou.

Historically, Shaoxing has many famous gardens. For example, Xie Lingyun's Shining Villa (in the area of Shangpu Town in Shangyu today, the details can't be verified), Qi Biao's Yushan Garden (now Jianhu Hotel), Zhu Langxian's Pan Lu (now Luxun Style Garden) and so on.

Shaoxing gardens began in the Spring and Autumn Period, flourished in the Six Dynasties, flourished in the Ming Dynasty, and disappeared in the late Qing Dynasty. Many of them are still well preserved. Among them, Xiyuan Garden, Shenyuan Garden, Qingteng Bookstore and Land Rover Garden are the four famous gardens in Shaoxing.

Xiyuan

According to "Rebuilding the Monument to the West Garden", the West Garden is located at the foot of Longshan, hence its name. Longshan is now Fushan.

The West Garden was built for Qian Liu, the founding monarch of wuyue in the Five Dynasties, and was the royal garden at that time.

Lin 'an is the capital of wuyue, and Yuezhou is the East House. Qian Liu, the monarch, is digging canals to divert water and building gardens and forests for the pleasure of the harem. Qian Liu is the King Yue of Wu who wrote the sentence "A exhausted love can be returned slowly". His charming and euphemistic thoughts and Beowulf's gentleness have been passed down through the ages.

After several generations of kings' residence and governance, Xiyuan has been prosperous and famous in wuyue.

Chen Qiao mutinied and founded the Song Dynasty. Song Taizu and Zhao Kuangyin unified the north. At that time, the monarch of wuyue, adhering to the family motto of "doing good in the Central Plains and safeguarding unity", returned the land to the Song Dynasty, and the Qian family moved northward. Since then, the West Park has been gradually abandoned.

Later, in the Northern Song Dynasty, several county chiefs were restored and planted flowers and trees widely, which became a famous garden in Yue Zhong for the county people to watch and play.

According to the minutes of Jiatai meeting, people all over the country had a good time. On February 2nd, the West Park opened, and people from the county visited it, which was called "Opening Longkou", and the official would lead an objective competition.

This is probably one of the earliest parks in history.

From the Northern Song Dynasty to the Republic of China and then to the new century, the West Garden has been renovated several times, and now it is a bright pearl on the landscape belt around Shaoxing.

After reconstruction, the West Garden is centered on Wanggongchi, and six pavilions on the fourth floor stand symmetrically. Among them, four pavilions were built according to different ornamental scenery, named Chunrong, Xiayin, Fang Qiu and Dong Rui respectively.

There are two arch bridges in the park, one horizontal and one vertical, which are reflected in the water and complement each other with the Wanggongchi. The softness of the pool and the rigidity of the stone bridge are a scene of Jiangnan ink painting.

The plants in the West Garden are mainly pine, bamboo and plum, with rockery embellishment and rich humanistic atmosphere.

A royal garden that has been baptized by history has survived to this day. It can be seen that humanistic factors are the soul of Shaoxing garden inheritance and development.

Shen garden

During the Southern Song Dynasty, Shaoxing's social and economic prosperity, coupled with the decadent idea of "enjoying half the south of the Yangtze River", made the gardening style prevail in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. Shen Yuan was built in this period.

Shenyuan, also known as Shenyuan, was originally owned by Shen, and there is no way to verify the others.

For Shen Yuan, the most familiar love story is the story of poets Lu You and Tang Wan. The famous historical work "Hairpin Phoenix" has attracted countless talented people and beautiful women and touched the guests.

In the 14th year of Shaoxing, Lu You married Tang Wan at the age of 20. After marriage, the couple followed Qi Mei's example and got along well. However, this kind of life only lasted for a few years. Lu You's parents were afraid of affecting their studies and forced Lu You to divorce his wife. (One said that Tang Wan was infertile)

Liu Kezhuang's "Houcun Poetry Talk" in the Southern Song Dynasty says: "Two parents are afraid of being lazy in learning and complaining about women, and dare not speak to women against the wishes of the respected people."

A few years after the divorce, Lu You met Tang Wan, who was also relaxing in Shenyuan. Lu You wrote "Hairpin Phoenix" with great feelings, expressing his feelings for Tang Wan, and Tang also used homophonic summation. Soon after they played the piano and sang, Tang Wan died of depression.

The beautiful scenery of Shenyuan Garden, together with Lu Tang's love tragedies and poems, attracted countless future generations to sigh. For hundreds of years, the number of forests in Shen's Garden has changed, and the garden has remained in the world.

As far as gardening style and gardening techniques are concerned, Shenyuan Garden is of great representative significance at that time and now. After the reconstruction of Shaoxing municipal government twice, it has formed today's scale and pattern.

Shenyuan Garden covers an area of 57 mu and is divided into three parts: Beiyuan, Dongyuan and Nanyuan.

Beiyuan is the core of the whole park, where many relics are preserved. In the process of reconstruction, the basic features and spatial pattern of ancient gardens in Song Dynasty were basically restored. Dongyuan takes the love story of Lu and Tang as the theme. Nanyuan is a memorial area, with Luyou Memorial Hall and Huluchi.

The area ratio of water in these three areas is very high. In order to maximize the use of courtyard area and give full play to the advantages of water landscape, most of the scenery in each courtyard is arranged around the water surface. Every courtyard is not cramped, but it increases the actual control range of the water surface and increases the artistic conception and fun of the garden.

Shen Garden combines the layout of ancient gardens with the characteristics of modern architecture, reproduces the splendor of famous gardens in Vietnam and China, and becomes another landmark landscape of Shaoxing.

Sinomenium research

Qingteng Bookstore, formerly known as Liu Hua Bookstore, is located in Qianguan Lane Mahayana Lane, Shaoxing City. It is the former residence of Xu Wei, a writer, artist and calligrapher in Ming Dynasty.

Xu Wei, with a long word, is known as a Taoist and an Ivy League layman. He calls himself "Yi Shu, Twelve, Wensan and Huasi" and is the originator of the Ivy School in the history of China painting. Zheng Banqiao once wrote: Xu Qingteng's lackey Zheng Xie.

According to Jiaqing's "Shanyin County Records", "Qingteng Bookstore is located in the southeast of the old government, which is the former residence of Xu Wei." Chen Hongshou, a great painter in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, once lived here, writing the tablet of "Qingteng Bookstore" in calligraphy.

"Why is the room elegant? You should know that the bookseller is pregnant. " Although the bookstore is small, it is full of meaning. In the name of the green vine, dotted with rocks is quite indifferent and far-reaching.

After 400 years and several changes, the Qingteng Bookstore was once abandoned. Fortunately, it was rebuilt and repaired by later generations and restored to its original appearance. The layout of its garden can be described as "natural square inches, shrinking the world in the remaining acres."

The bookstore is adjacent to the residential building on three sides and surrounded by high walls, forming its own system. There are three bungalows in the park, with green stone pillars and white walls and tiles, which are simple and elegant. Centered on Pingzhai, there is a small garden in the east, with cobblestone paths, bamboo and pomegranate all over it. There are January caves everywhere, creating a winding and secluded artistic conception. Outside the door is a pool called Tianchi, which is not full yet. There is a green vine on the west side of the pool, which was planted by Xu Wei himself, and its branches are as big as pine trees.

This door, a tree, a pool and a vine are simple and clear, which fully shows the different artistic tastes and gardening skills of painting masters.

The Qingteng Bookstore, which integrates residence, leisure, literature and art, has the spatial artistic conception in China classical gardens. It is a representative of the complementarity between study and garden, and also a model of Shaoxing garden.

Luhuyuan

In August, 2004, Land Rover Garden started construction and was finally completed after 1 year and 8 months.

Land Rover Garden is a latecomer of Shaoxing Garden. In 2008, it was awarded the gold medal of "Excellent Garden Ancient Architecture Project" by China Landscape Architecture Society. The park is on the south side of Longhengjiang River, adjacent to Mazhen Road in the west and a factory in the southeast. It turned out to be a corner of Luhuzhuang. When Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong visited Shaoxing in the south, they all stayed here for a short time.

Jiaqing's "Shanyin County Records" contains: Land Rover Village outside Changximen. In the sixteenth year, Emperor Gao Zongchun visited the south and once lived here.

Luhuzhuang is located at the foot of Longshan Mountain, formerly known as Luhuzhuang. How to change its name and form its source is difficult to verify. Chen Qiaoyi's A Story of Land Rover is interpreted as follows: In ancient times, Gaiyue people hunted birds and deer for a living, and Zhu Jian's dog hunted deer in Nanshan, and "deer" became "foot", which should be an ancient friendship. There are also two brick carvings in Land Rover Park, the reindeer of the Vietnamese and the deer surrounded by Gou Jian.

Land Rover Garden is designed around Land Rover Lake and looks like a running deer. The shore of the lake is made of pebbles. There is an island in the lake with a pavilion.

On the west side of the lake is the main entrance. As soon as you enter the door, it is the "Kanggan Resident Monument", which seems out of place, but it is actually the gardener's well-meaning. Shaoxing landscape rarely reveals the theme prematurely. Without this monument, the scenery in the garden will be exhausted.

East Lake is connected with rivers around the city, and consists of Luming Tower and cultural landscape wall. The wall of the scene is wrapped with ivy and backed by bamboo, which complements the celebrity books and articles carved on it.

To the south of the lake is Qingyanlou, which means "the river is clear and the sea is beautiful". When you climb to the second floor, you can see the panoramic view of Land Rover Lake.

In the north of the lake, there is a royal dock, which is built with slate according to traditional techniques, which is more simple and solemn.

Although Land Rover Garden was built in modern times, it is a master of Shaoxing classical gardens. It not only plays an important role in the landscape of the river around the city, but also inherits the garden architecture.

Yushanyuan

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Shaoxing scholar-officials built gardens again, reaching the peak in the history of Shaoxing gardens.

In the eighth year of Chongzhen, Qi Biaojia went south sick and lived in seclusion in his hometown of Yin Shan. In the next eight years, he was keen on visiting gardens, gardening and garden writing.

Qi Biaojia's other garden work, Notes on Yushan, describes in detail the beginning and end of his construction of Yushan Garden and the layout of the main landscape. Yushan Garden has always been praised as a classic of Yuezhou Garden by academic circles.

Yushan Garden was built after Qi Biaojia became an official and officially opened. There are four projects before and after, which last for three years.

In order to build Yushan Garden, Qi Biaojia "has a bag like washing" and "the more sick he is, the more sick he is". Although he laughed at himself for "opening a garden crazily", such an elegant "hobby" still made him complacent.

Yushan Garden is built by gull pond, built by mountain and swallowed water. Its layout and landscape name are well thought out, and everything is beautiful, nothing strange.

According to "Notes on Yushan", there are 49 scenes in Yushan Garden, all of which are in harmony. Zhang Dai, a great essayist, once reveled in this place and wrote "Die Lian Hua" with sixteen mountains.

Qi Biaojia's childlike innocence and high garden artistic accomplishment have made Yushan Garden brilliant. At that time, Vietnamese Chinese came to offer their condolences.

In the hundreds of years after Qi Biaojia was unmoved by the Qing court, Yushan Garden experienced great changes. Later generations have no ability to restore and rebuild, and its site has become a part of Jianhu Hotel.

The water in Vietnam is nothing more than mountains, the mountains in Vietnam are nothing more than water, the scenery in Vietnam is nothing more than gardens, and the gardens in Vietnam are nothing more than beautiful scenery.

Different from the heavy makeup of Suzhou gardens, Shaoxing gardens are mostly set with bamboo, stone bridges, square pools and big stones, and pay more attention to the harmony between man and nature. Different from the northern gardens, the owners of Shaoxing gardens are mainly literati. Although they are very young, they can spy on the world.

"Three-point craftsman, seven-point master." This is the gardening spirit of Shaoxing people, and it is also the key for many gardens in Shaoxing to come back to life in the long history.

The difference of region, culture and economy determines the difference of gardening. The construction of human settlements needs to be synchronized with garden planning, especially to inherit the essence of excellent classical gardens and make them develop in harmony with urban construction.

Shaoxing is a cultural holy land accumulated in the past 25 centuries, and the garden construction needs to be adapted to local conditions, so that the Vietnamese-Chinese culture can be passed down from generation to generation.