Reading "Suiyuan Poems" (674)

Liang Shanzhou (1723-1825), named Yuanying and nicknamed Shanzhou, also signed himself as Buweng and Xinwu Changweng. He was the son of the great scholar Liang Shizheng. A native of Qiantang, Zhejiang (now Hangzhou). In the Renshen year of Qianlong (1752), Enke became a Jinshi. Because of his upright temperament and indifference to fame and fortune, he retired after his father's death. During the Jiaqing period, he was awarded the title of bachelor's degree. A famous calligrapher in the Qing Dynasty. He is the author of Pinluoan Collection.

Zhang Bi means hanging on the wall, and refers to the paintings and calligraphy works hanging on the wall.

The twenty-sixth year of Kangxi refers to 1687, the year of Dingmao in the lunar calendar.

Title list, pronounced tí míng lù, is a list of names, ages, and place of origin of those who were ranked in the imperial examination. Some also include the names of the chief examiner, fellow examiners, etc. before recording. Qing Dynasty Zhao Yi's "Yi Yu Cong Kao · List of Titles": "When a Jinshi comes out of the Hanlin Yamen, a list of names is engraved. This is an example of the Tang Dynasty Jinshi's admission to the imperial examination." Li Yu of the Qing Dynasty "Halibut·False God": " Check it out in this directory and you will know. "

Market sale means selling something. Market: trade; sell, sell. This is suspected to be a "market buy" error.

The official list is the list of candidates admitted according to the prescribed quota in the imperial examination. Relative to the secondary list.

For the secondary list, those who were not listed on the main list due to the quota limit in the old-time township examinations but had excellent writing skills were given a number of names when the list was released. Their names were listed after the main list, which is called the "secondary list" ". "History of the Ming Dynasty·Volume 69·Election Records": "At that time, there was a deputy list for the general examination, and most of them were instructors, so those who were ordered to go to prison also had to eat their salary." It is also called "Deputy Gong" and "Deputy Car".

Taking the same exam refers to the same examiner. Officials who co-administered the examinations and marked the examination papers with the president in the Ming and Qing dynasty rural examinations and joint examinations. Because they were assigned to different rooms for marking, they were also called room officials. In the Qing Dynasty, the rural examinations were selected from prefecture and county officials who were born in Kejia in the province after Qianlong. The general examinations were selected by various ministries to send writers who were born in Kejia and had good qualifications. They were sent by the Emperor Jian. After Qianlong and Jiaqing, they were compiled and reviewed by the Hanlin Academy. And because of his background as a Jinshi, there was actually a shortage of Cao officials in Beijing. "Zhenze Changyu Mengzhao" written by Wang Kuo of the Ming Dynasty: "In the Gengxu examination, Gong and Wang Boxi were the main examiners, and I was a fellow examiner."

The chief examiner refers to the chief examiner of the imperial examination. official. Tang Dynasty Li Bai's poem "Sending Yang Shaofu to the election": "The emperor has great talents, and the chief minister is Qiu Lin." Volume 2 of Wang Yingkui's "Liu Nan Essays" of Qing Dynasty: "Kangxi Ding Maoke, Jiangnan chief minister is Beiping Mi Hanwenye "

Jianlin refers to the invigilator of the provincial examination in the imperial examination system. Chapter 43 of "The Strange Situation I've Witnessed for Twenty Years": "The examiner and the supervisor were talking, and they opened the door. One sat inside and the other sat outside."

Raise the tone and point out the clarity. The officials specially designated for the imperial examination are also called "promoting officials". Under the Ming Dynasty system, Shuntian and Yingtian townships were served as provincial governors. In provincial and rural examinations, they were appointed as chief ministers, while in the joint examinations, they were appointed as officials from the capital. All have one member. Take charge of all affairs outside the examination room, seal the internal and external doors, and follow up on all matters such as paper delivery, supply of materials, sealing, and recording. In addition, there are also palace examinations, using the Minister of Rites or the Minister. Under the Qing Dynasty system, the Shuntian Township Examination was filled with Fu Cheng. At the beginning of the Provincial Township Examination, the Chief Envoy was filled. During Yongzheng (1723-1735), Taoist officials were used. The examination will be filled with the Minister of Rites. Responsible for coordinating and arranging all matters inside and outside the examination room. The rural examination is divided into internal promotion and external promotion, which manage marking and examination matters respectively.

Yu Hanfen, also known as Qianwu. In the 26th year of Kangxi's reign, the Zhejiang Provincial Examination was held in the Yuan Dynasty. Others unknown. (Information missing)

Chashengshan, also known as Chasheng, (1650-1707), courtesy name Zhongwei, was born in Haoshengshan, Yuanhua, Haining, Zhejiang. Calligrapher of Qing Dynasty. In the twenty-seventh year of Emperor Kangxi's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1688), he was awarded the Jinshi Scholarship and was selected as a scholar from the Hanlin Academy to be awarded the title of editor and editor. At that time, Emperor Kangxi selected Confucian ministers to serve as advisors. He was recommended to the Zhinan Study Room for many years, and had moved to at least Zhan Shi. He is the author of Dan Yuantang Collection. People at that time called Zha Sheng's calligraphy, Zha Shen's poetry, and Zhu Ziheng's paintings the "Three Wonders of Haining".

The surname on the list refers to the surname of the examiner of the list. Data verification not found. I hope those who know can enlighten me.

Qianlong Dingmao refers to the twelfth year of Qianlong, 1747.

Revisiting the deer’s crowing means “revisiting the deer’s crowing again”.

In the Qing Dynasty, on the 60th anniversary after the candidate passed the provincial examination, the examination was held again in the original subject (in the same year of the same zodiac sign). After the examination was approved, the candidate and the new examiner went to the Luming Feast together, which was called "revisiting the Luming Festival". "Revisiting the Luming Banquet" in "Examples of the Huidian of the Qing Dynasty·Ministry of Rites·Gongju": "According to Tan Shangzhong's memorial, Yunnan's Shiping Prefecture Juren Saiju was the Chinese style of the Yongzheng Jiyouke Township Examination. He was the county magistrate of Sichuan and is now 92 years old. , this year is the time when the Jiyouke Provincial Examination will be held again, please go to Lumingyan again. " Ping Buqing of the Qing Dynasty "Xia Wai Shuan·Xia Shihua·Revisiting Luming": "(Qiantang Zhou Tianxiang) to Qianlong Dingmao. , I also paid homage to Lu Ming, and I still saw him when I was attending the banquet... During the reign of Jiaqing Ding Mao, in the eighty-fourth year of my bachelor's degree (Liang Tongshu), I also paid homage to Lu Ming, and we all used it as a greeting ceremony for junior monks. "

Xiangjian, pronounced xiāng jiàn, means Jinshi who took the examination in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and were recommended by prefectures and counties. It comes from "Shangchizhou Weilang Zhongqi". The meaning here is the person who passed the exam.

Laoyan, pronounced gāo yàn, also known as "Laoyan". Definition: 1. Lamb and geese. In ancient times, it was used as a courtesy for officials and officials. "Zhou Li Chunguan Da Zongbo": "The minister holds the lamb, and the doctor holds the wild goose." Zheng Xuan's note: "Lambs, small sheep, take their flock without losing their kind. Wild geese, take their time and go." Han· Ban Gu's "Bai Hu Tong·Wen Zhi": "Qing Dafu Zhi, in ancient times, he used deer and deer, but now he uses lamb geese." 2. It is used as a gift for recruiting, weddings, and Jin Dynasty visits. "Book of the Later Han Dynasty·Chen Ji Zhuan": "Father and son were both famous, and they were called Three Lords at that time. Every time there was a summons from the Zaifu, they often gave orders at the same time, and the geese flocked in groups." Jin Dynasty Fu Xuan's "Yan Ge Xing You Nv Chapter": "Matchmaker Chen Su's silk, the lamb's wild goose sings in the front hall. "Gong Zizhen's "Notes to People" in the Qing Dynasty: "However, there is still something to say, and it is said that it is the lamb's wild goose, and A and B are also the masters of the industry."

Zhu Yan, pronounced zhū yàn, means talented people. Xie Lingyun of the Southern Dynasties and Song Dynasty, "Eight Prefaces to the Poems of the "Ye Zhong Collection" of the Prince of Wei": "The good times in the world, the beautiful scenery, the pleasures of the heart, and the pleasures of the world are difficult to combine. Today, Kun brothers, friends, and two or three nobles are all exhausted. "Song Dynasty Wang Anshi's "Ci Yang Le Dao Yun·Chao Ci Ou Mo": "Suddenly following the officials to the dragon's tail, I still remember the time when I was at the head of the swan."

Lingguang Hall, Lu Gong, the son of Emperor Jing of the Western Han Dynasty. The palace built by Wang Liuyu in Qufu of the State of Lu was large in scale and majestic. It was one of the largest buildings in the country at that time. The preface to "Ode to Lu Lingguang Palace" by Wang Yanshou, a writer of the Eastern Han Dynasty, reads: "Lu Lingguang Palace was built by Prince Gong Yu, the son of Cheng Ji, Emperor Jing... After being attacked by Hanzhong, thieves broke out, starting from Weiyang in Xijing and the Jianzhang Palace. Destroyed, but the aura remains alone. "Later cause is a metaphor for a person or thing that has only survived." Zhao Yi of the Qing Dynasty wrote a poem "Wumen is happy to meet Wang Shu'an Siguan": "I just knew that God had given me old fitness, and taught me to build the Lingguang Hall."

筮Shi, pronounced shì shì, meaning: 1. Ancient people When you are about to become an official, you can ask about good or bad luck. Bai Juyi of the Tang Dynasty, "One Hundred Rhymes of Spring Poems on a Dream Tour": "Look carefully at the official's official hat, and rub it through the Yang arrowhead." Su Zhongxiang's note: "The official official's official bag predicts the fate of being an official." 2. It also refers to the official career for the first time. Pu Songling's "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio - Dream Wolf" of the Qing Dynasty: "The eldest son A, served as a official in the south, and served for three years without any loss." He Yin noted: "The first official was called a official."

Rank, pronunciation zhì, from the grain, from the loss, the loss is also the sound. "Loss" is the province of "Yi". "Yi" means "the car behind is ahead of the car", which is extended to "dynamic ordering (of vehicles)". "He" refers to "grain", which is extended to "salary". "He" and "Yi" provinces are combined to represent "dynamic salary sorting". Original meaning: official salary determined based on merit and demerits. Extended meaning: The grade of officials evaluated based on their merits and demerits. Further extended meaning: order. Explanation: The salary of ancient officials was not an iron rice bowl, but was determined based on year-end evaluations. Those who have meritorious service will have their salaries increased, while those who have committed crimes will have their salaries reduced or even cancelled. This is like a convoy of officials' cars. Some cars can overtake and improve their position in the convoy, while others can pull down and fall behind. This has the concept of dynamic sequencing. Rank later came to mean order. In addition, when calculating years, ten years are equal to one rank. In the old days, book covers were also called "ranks", and a set of books was called a rank.

The princes and half refers to the county magistrate. The sentence "the county is actually half of the princes" in Du Fu's poem "The Bitter Heat in the Boat" is used.

Bie ??Youjian means contempt, which evolved from Fan Gongyan of Song Dynasty's "Guo Ting Lu": "Cao Meng was ordered to inspect and despise counties and counties, and his orders were very strict."

Object change, pronounced wù biàn, means the change of things. From "Huainanzi·Tai Clan Training": "What people know is shallow, but things change infinitely." One of the Eight Odes of Hexian Yuzijun Yichang Official House by Su Che of the Song Dynasty: "The empty envoy sits in the middle of the person, "Baijiu, sound bā jiǔ, meaning: 1. 80% to 90% of the components of a thing or the probability of an event happening."

"Selected Works·Qianbao·Jin Ji General Commentary": "The big one is extremely respectful, and the small one records its essentials; if the secret is lost, it will be eighty-nine times." 2. Close to the whole means more or less. "Dream of Red Mansions Chapter 71": "Aunt Zhao is good at observing these things, and she usually keeps in touch with the women in charge and keeps in touch with each other so that she can start and finish the work. She has already done eighty-nine things just now." 3. The Seventy-Two Sages of Confucius. "Selected Works·Wang Rong·Preface to Qushui Poems on March 3rd": "If you don't chase after three or five steps, you will follow the distant traces of eighty-nine years." "Wei De Lun" by Cao Zhi of the Three Kingdoms Wei Dynasty: "More than eighty-nine years ago. , Heel the Emperor's Spiritual Moment. "

Dew, sound lù diàn, meaning: 1. Morning dew is easy to dry, and lightning passes quickly. A metaphor for quickly passing or disappearing. The text of the "Vajra Prajna Paramita Sutra" says: "All conditioned dharmas are like bubbles in dreams, like dew and lightning, and should be viewed in this way." Su Shi of the Song Dynasty's poem "Farewell to the Road to Cao": "That will reveal the body of lightning, waiting to be collected. "Zhong." Ping Buqing of the Qing Dynasty, "Xia Wai Shui Shui·Revisiting Lu Ming": "I was born in the same year, and the electricity was already exposed." 2. It is a metaphor for the shortness of life. Song Dynasty Lu You's "Sense of Things" poem: "If you realize that life and death are exposed, wealth should not be better than fishing and woodcutting."

Ejie, pronounced é jiě, means to relax the quota.

Dayan, pronounced dà yǎn. The term Dayan is mainly derived from "Zhouyi·Xici", which discusses the method of extracting hexagrams and divination from yarrow in the ancient Yi: "The number of Dayan is fifty, and its use is ninety-nine out of forty." Scholars throughout the ages have given many explanations for this sentence, but so far there is no unified conclusion. Xun Shuang of the Later Han Dynasty: Each hexagram has six lines, six, eight and forty-eight, plus the two functions of Qian and Kun, each has fifty. (Qian) On the ninth day of the lunar month, do not use Qianlong, so use forty-nine. Zhu Xi of the Southern Song Dynasty: The number of Dayan is fifty, and the cover is obtained by taking the palace, sky, five, and the earth and ten in the river map. When it comes to using a 筮, it is only forty-nine. The cover is all based on the nature of reason and momentum, not Human intelligence can make gains and losses. No matter what the explanation is, "the number of Dayan is fifty" is certain. Therefore, "Dayan" is used here to refer to the fifty candidates who have been admitted.

Manfou, pronounced màn huàn, meaning: 1. Blurred and indistinguishable. Han Yu of the Tang Dynasty wrote in "Records of the Newly Renovated Tengwang Pavilion": "Therefore, if the pillars, beams, and sills are rotten and blackened and bent, if the roof tiles and roofs are broken, and if the red and white water is not fresh, then we can cure it, and there will be no shame for our predecessors. , there is no waste of hindsight.” 2. Still confused. Xie Yingfang of the Yuan Dynasty said in "Distinguishing Confusion": "When I see the king at the age of ten, I will worship the gods for my relatives, utter despicable words, praise the blessings of the water, and often go away in shame." Jin Nong of the Qing Dynasty, "quatrains about cherishing people" No. 20: "I haven't seen Zhu Xunli for seven years, and the past is like a pile of dust."

詅selling, pronunciation: líng mài, refers to showing off goods in order to sell them.詅: hawking, "pouring soup in the market."

Utan, pronounced yōu tán, is the Udumbara flower. It has many translated names in Buddhist scriptures, such as: Udumbara, Udumbara, Udumbara. Bhaluo, Udumbara, Udumbara, Udumbara, or Udumbara, Udumbara, Udumbara. "Infinite Life, Pure and Equality Enlightenment Sutra": "The Buddha said Ananda. There is a Utanbo tree in the world. But there are real flowers but no flowers. There are Buddhas in the world, but there are flowers coming out of the ears." Volume 4 of "Sentences of the Lotus": "Udumbara flowers, this saying is auspicious, appears once every three thousand years." Volume 8 of "Huilin Sound and Meaning": "Udumbara flowers are auspicious and supernatural feelings. They are small flowers and are not found in the world. If the Tathagata is reborn and the Golden Wheel King appears in the world, Because of the great merit, I feel the appearance of this flower. "In Buddhist scriptures, Udumbara flowers are usually mentioned to describe how difficult it is to encounter the Buddha's birth, just as it is extremely difficult to encounter Udumbara flowers. Su Che's poem "Na Zha" of the Song Dynasty: "Buddha is like an excellent moon, which is hard to meet. Those who see and hear the Tao are born and die." Gong Zizhen of the Qing Dynasty's "Miscellaneous Poems of Ji Hai" No. 257: "It is difficult to recognize heaven and man with the naked eye, I'm afraid it's excellent "In reality, the scientific name of the Udumbara tree is Ficus glomerata, which belongs to the Moraceae family and is mostly found in warm and humid places such as the foothills of the Himalayas, the Deccan Plateau, and Sri Lanka.

The tree is more than ten feet tall, with leaves like pears. Its fruits are as big as a child's fist and as small as a thumb. There are dozens of them clustered on the trunk. It can be eaten raw or cooked, but the taste is not good. The flowers are hidden in the receptacle and are difficult to see with the human eye, so there are various speculations.

Fang Shanzi generally refers to Chen Zou (zào), (year of birth and death unknown), named Jichang, a native of Meizhou (now Qingshen, Sichuan) in the Northern Song Dynasty, and one said that he was from Yongjia (now Yongjia, Zhejiang), Chen Xiliang The fourth son. He lived in Longqiu, Huangzhou (today's Sandian Street, Xinzhou District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province). In his later years, he lived in seclusion in Qiting, Huangzhou (today's Qiting, Macheng). He called himself Longqiu layman. He lived in a nunnery and ate vegetarian food. The world hears about it. The hat worn by people is square and tall, resembling the ancient Fangshan crown, so it is called "Fangshanzi". In the second year of Yuanfeng in the Northern Song Dynasty (1079), Su Shi was demoted to Huangzhou. He visited Chen Zhen in Qiting many times and wrote a biography for him, and then he became aware of his name. The "virtuous Fang Shanzi" in this poem refers to the original owner of the "Inscription List" whose surname is Fang, and compares him to Chen Zhen who lives in seclusion in the mountains.

Zang Xian, pronounced zāng jǔ, means collection, secret hiding. "Hanshu·Chen Zunzhuan": "Zang Xian is proud of the master who makes rulers and slips with others."

Yin Jian, pronounced yín jiān, means poem draft. Also refers to the paper used for writing poetry. Song Dynasty Lu You's "Sickness" poem: "Pack away the chanting notes and stop drinking bowls, and troubles will arise in the past year." Yuan Dynasty Wu Wei's "Sending Poems to Appreciate Xiaozha": "The thirty-first number stops at fifty, each stroke One post, one ink, two stacks of notes.” According to the modern Chinese dictionary, mounting a painting should be "mounting the back" or "mounting the back". Refers to affixing to a padding for reinforcement or display; specifically refers to affixing (such as a piece of paper) to a strong material as a binding. That is, paper or silk fabrics are used as background to decorate calligraphy and painting books, or they are repaired to make them beautiful and durable. All mountings must have two layers. Those with the front facing outwards, such as calligraphy and painting, are called mountings; those with undyed plain paper as background are called mountings.

Wulintan, a wine offering at the Imperial College in the Qing Dynasty. Others unknown. (Information missing)

Jijiu, the official in charge of the Imperial College during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the Qing Dynasty, there were two names, one for Manchu and Han, and the official rank was the fourth rank.

Qisheng Temple is located in the Beijing Confucian Temple at No. 13 Guozijian Street, Andingmennei, Dongcheng District, Beijing. It is also known as the Temple of Confucius and the Temple of the Master. The Confucius Temple in Beijing was a place for worshiping Confucius in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties in ancient China. It was first built in the sixth year of Dade in the Yuan Dynasty (1302) and completed in the tenth year of Dade (1306), covering an area of ??22,000 square meters. It was rebuilt in the ninth year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1411). Facing south, the ancient building covers an area of ??about 7,400 square meters. The main buildings are distributed along the central axis, symmetrical from left to right, and have three courtyards. The buildings on the central axis are Xianshi Gate, Dacheng Gate, Dacheng Hall, Chongsheng Gate and Chongsheng Temple from south to north. The main buildings are all covered in yellow Glazed tiles. In the ninth year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1530), the "Qisheng Palm" (now Chongsheng Temple) was built behind Dacheng Hall to worship Confucius' parents and ancestors. In the 18th year of Emperor Kangxi's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1679), the west veranda of the Master's Temple and the "Qisheng Temple" were built. In the second year of Yongzheng (1724), Confucius was granted the title of King of the Fifth Generation, and the "Qisheng Temple" was renamed "Chongsheng Temple". In the second year of Qianlong (1737), it was rebuilt and the gray tile roof was changed to green glazed tile roof. The Forest of Jinshi Steles in the Confucian Temple are displayed and erected on the east and west sides of the Former Master Gate and the front yard of Dacheng Gate. They are connected to 198 and have a unique momentum. Among them are 3 in the Yuan Dynasty, 77 in the Ming Dynasty, and 118 in the Qing Dynasty. The stele is engraved with the Jinshi's name, rank and title. There were 51,624 people who passed the imperial examination in the Ming and Qing dynasties (including number one, number two, and number three).

Monument inscribed by Yuan people. The imperial examination in the Yuan Dynasty was divided into two lists: left and right. At that time, the world's people were divided into four classes, namely: Mongols, Semu people (minorities and ethnic groups in the west), Han people (Han people in the north), and Nan people (Han people in the south and other ethnic groups). People of different levels take separate exams. Mongolians and Semu people take two exams, while Han people and Southerners take three exams. The content is easier for Mongolians and Semu people, but more difficult for Han people and Southerners. Among the list of those who passed the exam, Mongolians and Semu people were listed on one list, called the "right list", and Han people and southerners were listed on another list, called the "left list." The admission quotas for the two lists were equal, but when it came to sending officials, the Mongolian Jinshi were higher than the Semu people, and the Semu people were higher than the Han people and the Southerners.

If Mongolians and Semu people are willing to take the subject examinations of Han Chinese and Southerners, and if they pass the examination, they will be assigned to an official position with an additional grade.

Shaoxing eighteen years. Shaoxing, the reign name of Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty, AD 32, 1131-1162. Emperor Zhao Gou of the Southern Song Dynasty was forced by the Jin people and fled around Jiangsu and Zhejiang. In 1131 AD, he fled to Shaoxing (which was Yuezhou at that time) and felt that he was in a good mood and that the country would be recovered, so he came up with the phrase "Shao Zuo Zhongxing" and changed the name to Shaoxing, and Yuezhou became the city of Shaoxing. In the eighteenth year of Shaoxing, 1148, there was the Wuchen Examination, and Wang Zuo won the first prize. Zhu Xizhong, who ranked fifth and 90th on the list of royal assistants, was given the imperial edict to be of the same Jinshi background.

imitation, pronounced as fǎng, means effect or dependence. It is commonly used as "imitation" and also as "release".

(to be)