Information about the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty

The Imperial Capital Record of the Southern Song Dynasty. After the Song Dynasty crossed to the south, only half of it was supported. But the king and his ministers indulge in the feast and have no thought of recovery. Singing and dancing in the West Lake, lingering day and night, little did you know that the remaining water and mountains are no longer enough to rely on. Gu Youruo has the ambition to end his life, but he will be in great danger when he goes to the swallow's nest. However, Naideweng compiled this and praised the beauty of Lin'an. He said that the prosperity of the people was ten times better than that of the capital. He also said that Zhongxing was more than a hundred years old and the peace was long. It was ten times better than before. It's also a great loss in terms of safety and security. However, he may see that he cannot cheer up in the temple, so he will do whatever he wants. Or do you know that the spread of his book will make future generations laugh, so you conceal his name and entrust it to Zi, which has no ethics? Otherwise, it would be unethical and extravagant to use satire and admonishment to establish a statement without reading the two poems of Meng Jian and Zimo. Because the title sentences are in order as shown on the right.

The front line moved southward for a long time, but Huiqin went north and forgot about it. Just when I was having a hard time sleeping, I was watching the mountains and playing in the water. In the market outlook, the former dynasty boasts of richness, singing houses and taverns, and singing and dancing. Duzai Naideweng's biography is similar to the two poems in Lantai.

Abstract

The volume of "Capital Records" does not have the name of the author, but it is signed as Naide Weng. The book was written in the second year of Duanping, and it records trivial matters in Hangzhou. It is divided into fourteen doors, called "Market", called "Everything", called "Wine Shop", called "Food Shop", called "Teahouse", called "Four Divisions and Six Bureaus", called "Washes and All Skills", called "Society" is called "Garden", it is called "Boat", it is called "Mat", it is called "Fangyuan", it is called "Idle Man", it is called "Three Religions Outside the Land". The narrative is quite detailed, and we can see a rough outline of local customs and customs after the southern crossing. Kao Gaozong was stationed in Lin'an, which is said to be on the move. Although he enjoys feasting in the lakes and mountains, he has no ambition to go to the Central Plains, but his name has not changed. Therefore, in Qiandao Zhongzhou Cong compiled "Lin'an Zhi", and it was still known by its old name in the palace garden and Baiguan Cao Office. Qian Shuoyou's "Zhi" is also based on this. The title of this book is "Capital City", and the official documents and documents have been circulated. Only the stories remain, and the people's ears and eyes are immersed in it, as if they have been settled for a long time. It is also recorded in the history that in the first year of Duanping, Meng Gong Hui Yuanshi destroyed the Jin Dynasty. At that time, the old enemy was gone and the new quarrel had not yet taken shape. This book was written in the second year of Duanping. The main text is that Wu Tian was enjoying himself and enjoying the feast in peace, so the competition became more and more beautiful, which led to this. The author of this book wanted to boast about his wealth, but also knew that he was ashamed of being safe, so he kept it secret and did not mention his name. When I read the imperial title, I looked up and saw the profoundness of the sacred mirror, which made me feel slightly confused. When asked about the author, there is nothing to say. The old relics and relics are enough for assessment, and the poisonous poison at the banquet is also enough to serve as a warning for the future. Therefore, the mistakes are corrected to show the clear vision, and the book is still recorded.

Preface

When the ancestors of the Holy Dynasty founded the country, their capital was in Bian, and the customs and ceremonies were looked up to as their teachers. Since Emperor Gaozong has been stationed in Hangzhou, Hangzhou has beautiful scenery and prosperous people, which makes it ten times better than the capital city. Although the market and the capital are in harmony, it has been more than a hundred years since the Zhongxing, and the saints have succeeded each other. The peace has lasted for a long time, and the successive operations have come and gone. It is more than ten times that of the Zhongxing. According to the later commentary of "Records of Famous Gardens in Luoyang", the rise and fall of gardens coincided with the rise and fall of Luoyang. Kuang Zhongxingxingdu, the prosperity in the southeast, has become the standard of today's four places; the cars and books are mixed, the people are prosperous, the customs are thick, and the markets are parallel, how can it compare with the famous gardens of Luoyang in the past? When I encountered the Ming Dynasty, I traveled to the capital and witnessed what I heard. It took more than a day, so I had to record it. Those that have been recorded in the Illustrated Classics and Records will not be mentioned again. Although this is not enough to describe the situation of Taiping, it is also the legacy of "Record of the Famous Garden"; but the record actually does not choose its words, and it is shameful to do so. At that time, on the first day of Duanping in the Song Dynasty, he lived in the irrigation garden and was named Wengxu.

Marketplace

From outside Heningmen in Da Nei, to the north and south of Xin Road, in the morning you will find precious pearls, jade, fresh flowers and fruits, fresh seafood, wild game and rare items all over the world. Those who didn't have them all gathered here; as far as Chaotianmen, Qinghefang, Zhongwaqian, Batou, Guanxiangkou, Pengxin, Zhong'an Bridge, and food shops, there were huge crowds of people. The night market is the same everywhere except in front of the inner courtyard, but the one in front of Zhongwa is the best. It sells fancy utensils and various colored objects, just like during the day. In the rest of the lanes and markets, businesses and restaurants are closed, and restaurants and singing houses are quiet until the four drums are over; while the five drums are moving towards the horse, and those who take advantage of the morning market are opening again. This is true no matter the time of year. If Yuanxiao is still in full swing, people will line up for shopping and watch the houses, and the number of scenes will be incomparable. During the Longxing period, the Gaomiao and the Sixth Palace were built in the middle tiles, which are relatively similar to the current Xiu Neisi dyeing workshop. When Emperor Xiaozong, Meng Xiang, returned home, he watched the lanterns and went to buy the market. In front of the curtain, the servants were lined up, stacking money, declaring the market food, and singing songs to give out money and goods, or to those who got gold and silver. It is fashionable to have agents who live in the capital, and those who encounter people in shops, such as Li Po Geng and Nan Wazi Zhang Jia Yuanzi. If you are driving by car, you will be lucky, Spring and Autumn Society, etc., with eaves and walls, arranged in series.

In addition, for example, in the open space under the government wall (formerly known as Nancangqian), various Luqi people worked here, just like a parallel Khotan. The same goes for Sima Dao of the Imperial City. There is also a teaching place for masters in the outer hall of Houchao Gate, and there is also a place for performing extraordinary tricks in Xia Yue. In other markets, there are many people working in such vacant areas. Such as the Dawa Meat Market, Tanqiao Medicine Market, Juyuanting Study Room, Chengdong Vegetable Market, and Chengbei Rice Market. The rest, such as the five rooms where guests gather and candies, are not easy to find.

Everything

The people in the market call it "Xing" (sound Hang), so they got this name because of the official's request, not because they are small or large. , but those who are used together are all placed in the line of work, even though they are doctors and divination, they also have their duties. The difference in medical selection is the same as that in the market. There are also people who borrow names from businesses that are not related to their business, such as the wine business and the eating business. There are also people named "Tuan", such as the flower group in the south of the city, the green orchard on the dirt road, the 鲞团 at the bottom of the river, and the tangerine group in the back market street. People who do other craftsmanship may be called "zuo", such as grate blade craftsman, belt craftsman, gold and silver plating craftsman, Zuo Shi. There are also people with different names, such as Qibao calling it "Antique Shop" and Bathhouse calling it "Perfume Shop". Most of the things under the capital are gathered together, such as the flower row in the official alley. The flowers, crowns and combs, hairpin rings, and collar wipes are extremely skillful and have never been seen in ancient times. Shops in the capital are famous for their reputation, such as Zhongwa soap water, sweet bean soup in front of the grocery store, Gejia candied dates, Guanxiangkou Guangjia soup, Dawazi fruit, cooked meat in front of Shouci palace, Qiantang soup. Song Wusao's fish soup outside the door, Yongjinmen's lung filling, Zhongwa's former employee's sheep rice, Peng's oil boots, Nanwa's Xuanjia's clothes, Zhang's Yuanzi, Houchaomen's Gu Sidi, Dawazi's Qiu family's bamboo baskets kind.

Liquor shops

Except for the Guanku Zikujiao store, the rest are all called "paihu". There are also tea restaurants, which are also called restaurants. Drinking wine is also a good idea. But if you want to ask for instant food, this is not the case, and the restaurant also has a card to choose from. The Baozi Hotel sells goose and duck steamed buns, four-color dumplings, intestine blood rice soup, fish roe, fish whites, etc. It is easy to pay here. Zhaizi hotel means that the exterior facade is decorated like an official's residence, or it is an old official's residence that has been modified by the author. There are many garden hotels outside the city, or they can be found in the Xueyuan Pavilion in the city. A direct sales store means that it does not sell food. In a casual hotel, it is said that the retail sales are four, seventy-seven, fifty-two, and thirty-eight, and the wine from outside the shop is sold at a discount. There are no painted forks at the head of the door, but mostly bamboo grids and curtains. It is called bowling, and then it is said that there is only one cup. But it is not very noble, and it is not a place for high-ranking people. In the nunnery hotel, it is said that if there are prostitutes there, you can have fun, but in the wine pavilion, you can hide the bed. On the red gardenia lamp at the head of the door, if it is sunny or rainy, it must be covered with a bamboo basket to mark it. In other big hotels, prostitutes only sit with you. If you want to buy pleasure, go there. There are Luo Hotels in Shandong and Hebei. Now they borrow the name to sell Hung Tou, so they are not valuable. As for the restaurant, the door is decorated with red branches, scarlet curtains, gold and red gauze, gardenia lamps and the like. According to the old legend, Guo Gaozu of the Five Dynasties visited Panlou in Bianjing and it has become a custom today. The wine pavilion is called the hall. If it is upstairs, it may also be called a mountain, such as Yishan, Ershan, or Sanshan. On the forehead of the card is written "Mountain", not a unique mountain, it means that the wine is powerful and far-reaching. When entering a store, do not go up to the pavilion easily, for fear of drinking too much. If you don't buy a lot of wine, you can just sit downstairs, which is called the door bed and horse road. When we first sat down, the waiter came down to look at the dishes, asked how much to buy, and then didn’t change the vegetables. There are also people who are unfamiliar with others, so they suddenly drop chopsticks and are laughed at a lot. Most of the time when people drink in restaurants, they only know how much they eat, which is called soup and water. The money is small, only a hundred or five thousand, which is called drinking in small portions. If the person is a prostitute, then this person will be arrogant and expensive in vain. They will ask for high prices for fine food, but they must show their habits and not be insulted. For example, when making wine, you may first get ten bottles, turn them on and drink them one by one, drink only five or six bottles of the best ones in a while, and return the rest. This is also a trick to search for disadvantages.

The east wine storehouse in the official treasury is called Dahe Building, the west wine storehouse is called Jinwen Library, and the building there is called West Building. There was an old book list of "Lou Gonggui", which was later taken away by curious people. The south wine warehouse is called Sheng? Palace, and the building is called Hele Tower. The north wine warehouse is called Chunfeng Tower. The Zhengnan Tower faces Wu and Yue Mountains, and the wine storehouse on the south is called Hefeng Tower. Xiziku is called Fengle Tower. Outside the present Yongjin Gate, it is the towering green tower of the old Yanghe Wang. Later Zhang Dingsou also took charge of the treasury affairs and took it as the official treasury. It is across the West Lake and has the victory over the two mountains. The Xiziku is called Taiping Tower, and the Zhongjiu Treasury is called Zhonghe Tower. The South Waiku is outside Bianmen, and the East Waiku is outside Chongxin Gate. The North Foreign Library is in Huzhou City, and there is a building called Chunrong Building. Others include Xixi and Chishan Jiulisong Winery. Among them, Hele and Hefeng are located in Yujie. The buildings of Taiping Dahe were abandoned after returning to Lu. If you want to reward a prostitute, go to the official treasury to order a flower card, and the wine family will often hide and shirk it. You must know the prostitute personally and be able to entrust her with benefits.

The wine warehouses in Tianfu will sell boiled wine before the Cold Food Festival and new wine before and after the Mid-Autumn Festival. Each uses a prostitute and rides in third-class attire: the first-class wears a special bun coat; the second-class wears a crown with a skirt on the back; the third-class wears a crown with a shirt and crotch trousers.

There are little girls and others in front of them, as well as other people from society, making great music to welcome wine samples to the government, presenting music, performing arts and dramas, three cups exiting, and welcoming the guests back to the treasury.

Restaurants

Most of the restaurants in the capital were opened by people from the old capital, such as the Sheep Restaurant, which also sells wine. When ordering food, it should be done in time: if you want to be full quickly, the front should be heavy and the back should be light; if you want to be full late, the front should be light and the back can be heavy (heavy ones such as head soup, stone marrow rice, big bone rice, soaked rice, soft mutton rice) , Zhejiang rice; in mild cases, such as fried things, fetal support, breasts, belly tips, belly, kidneys, etc.). Nanshi restaurant is called Nanshi, and Sichuan rice is divided into tea. Because the capital city opened this shop to prepare for southerners who were not convinced by northern food, since it is now in the south, its name is wrong, so it specializes in pasta, fish and meat, such as (lamb noodles, raw noodles, ginger noodles, fried noodles with salt) They all range from (fried chicken and goose noodles, home-style three-knife noodles) to (fried noodles with fish and tung skin, fried pork noodles, pork dumplings, chess pieces, dry noodles with juice). If you want to ask for a confession, each store has its own card. The Baoyun shop specializes in (big dumplings, zucchini and wontons). The vegetable noodle shop specializes in (vegetable noodles, glutinous rice noodles, blood-dried noodles, plain chess pieces, sutra belts or pouch knives, and cold noodles). It’s not very expensive here, so it’s not a treat. A place for guests. Vegetarian shops sell (vegetarian sticks, head soup, pasta, milk cocoons, river Kun, preserved meat, yuanyu) and all kinds of bran, bamboo shoots and mushrooms to prepare for vegetarian feasts. Quzhou Hotel is also called a boring restaurant because it sells rice. Specialty shops often sell (fish, rice soup, fish noodles, butterflies, etc.) Those who want a rough meal can go there, but it is not suitable for noble people.

In the cold and warm months, most snacks are sold in the market (fried pork, mutton and chicken, steamed buns, four-color steamed buns, stuffed preserved meat, sausage, red ginger and soybean paste, and duck elbows) at night Those who support the plate, such as (quail, Jiao Chui, suet and leek cakes, pancakes, spring pancakes, spin pancakes, sand dumplings, Yilishao, Xiangao, Zhizi, etc.) are singing and shouting all over the road, and everyone is doing it for themselves. Often, if people from far away places see it at first sight, they will think it is a rare encounter. The remaining shops in the night market cannot be counted in detail, such as pig pancreas pancakes, which have only been sold in Tokyo Zangsanjia since the ZTE, every night at the entrance of Taipingfang Lane, and they may be effective recently. Most of them go shopping, often at well-known houses. For example, in the past, they went to eat at home, and the king of the market made Xuanbing cakes and Wangxianqiao cakes. For example, cheese noodles are only sold in the market at the Suhejia store for 500 guan each. They are eaten with two new oil cakes. This is also a northern food. The same is true for the rest of the hundreds of households. There are some market foods that exist in name but disappear in reality, such as gourd soup; there are also foods that have lost their name but exist in reality, such as gourd soup, which is now called "Gun Noodles"; and there are also misnomers, such as calling cooked meat "white meat", which means "white meat". White meat is the one who removes the oil by pressing the anvil.

There are also special candies for children's drama, such as Dajiaoxi, Xiawuxi, Tangyiniang, Daswing, Chouxu and so on.

Teahouse

The big teahouse hangs paintings and calligraphy by famous people, while in the capital only delicatessens hang paintings, so it takes a long time to leave. This is the case in all teahouses today. In winter, they also sell Leicha or salted soybean soup, and in summer, they also sell plum blossom wine. In Shaoxing, drums and drums are used to play plum blossom wine melody, and rotating ladles are used, just like in a wine shop, it is the discussion corner, like the capital selling. In many teahouses, young people from the capital gather here to learn musical instruments, sing, and so on, which is called "hangpaier." Renqing Tea House is not originally about tea soup, but it is used as an excuse to pay more for tea. There is another class where prostitutes and brothers gather; there is also a class where people who work as prostitutes and prostitutes gather to work together, which is called the "market". The water tea house is a place where prostitutes set up tables and stools to use tea as an excuse. Later generations are willing to spend money on it, which is called dry tea money. Carrying a tea bottle means taking the opportunity to serve as a tea and wine drinker. On a regular basis, every day of the month, one can exchange words with people or gather favors. There is another class, soldiers from the street department, who take this name and beg for money and things, calling it "dirty tea".

Four divisions and six bureaus

The noble families of the government set up four divisions and six bureaus, each with their own affairs, so the banquet was arranged and everything was neat, and everyone went to the market. Yes. There are always people in the house, and whenever there is a banquet, it can be done with money.

The Account Setting Department specializes in raising dust, hanging walls, table curtains, mats, curtains, screens, embroidery, calligraphy and painting, clusters, etc.

The cook is responsible for preparing, batching, cutting, cooking, preparing food, and mixing dishes.

The tea and wine department is responsible for tea soup, sifting wine, inviting guests to sit at the consultation table, opening the banquet to take a seat, opening the banquet to welcome and see off, and attending to festivals.

The Taipan Division is responsible for serving trays, transporting food, carrying wine, urging people to drink, serving food, receiving cups, etc.

The fruit bureau is dedicated to assembling clusters, plating the fruit, looking at the fruit, timing the fruit, and preparing to drink.

Honey Jian Bureau, specializes in molasses, flowers and fruits, salty and sour wine.

The Vegetable and Vegetable Bureau is responsible for the storage of vegetables, vegetables and grains.

The oil candle bureau specializes in lighting lamps, cutting candles on stands, wall lamps and candle cages, and storing incense and charcoal.

The Fragrance and Medicine Bureau specializes in medicine dishes, incense balls, fire boxes, fragrant cakes, waiting for requests, various strange fragrances, and hangover decoctions.

Arrange the bureau, specialize in hanging pictures, arranging flowers, sweeping, decorating, wiping, and offering sacrifices.

Every person in the four departments and six bureaus should only be familiar with each other, which will save half the efforts of the guests and hosts. Therefore, a common proverb says: burn incense, order tea, hang pictures and arrange flowers, do other things, and do not criticize the family. If he forgets about the details, it is the fault of others such as Ying Ying who did not learn from them. Just like having a banquet and drinking a treat, the order of precedence is: the cook first, the tea and wine next, and the three people enjoying themselves.

Washe Zhongji

Washe, the meaning of wild unity and easy dispersion, I don’t know when it started; but when he was in the capital, he was a scholar and commoner A place of unbridled debauchery is also a place for children to wander around and cause destruction.

There are thirteen pieces of Sanyue, and only Zaju plays are the main focus. The old teachings include the Zhen Department, the Dagu Department, the Rod and Drum Department, the Clapper Department, the Flute Department, the Pipa Department, the Zheng Department, the Fang Xiang District, the Sheng Department, the Dancing Department, the Song Board Department, the Zaju Department, the Military Army Department, and the Colored Chang Department. , the ministry has a head, and above it there are the envoys of the teachings, the deputy governors, the governors, and the chief ministers. They are all miscellaneous officials. Its various parts are purple, crimson and green, with wide robes of three grades, with yellow strands hanging down from both sides.

The drama department wears hats and hats, and the rest are just hats and futou. Later there was a children's team and a girls' lotus picking team. There is also a group of fishermen. Today, four meng are riding behind the driver, riding a horse for fun. This is the story. In the 31st year of Shaoxing, after the provincial government abolished the Jiaofang, whenever there was a big banquet, Lin'an Prefecture Yaqianle and others were assigned to attend the banquet, which was under the charge of Xiu Nei Si Jiaoyue. Among the Jiaofang ambassadors when he was in the capital, there were Meng Jiaoqiu, who wrote miscellaneous plays; Ge Shoucheng, who wrote forty major lyrics; and Ding Xian, who had just discovered music. In Shaoxing, there were also Ding Hanbi and Yang Guoxiang.

In Zaju, the last stage is the longest. Every four or five people perform a performance. First, they do a section of ordinary and familiar things, which is called Yan Duan; then they do a serious Zaju, which is generally called Liang Duan. The last mud color advocates, the lead color is divided and paid, the second pure color makes Qiao, the second color is the last color to make jokes, or add another person to pretend to be alone. Those who blow the music and break it are called playing colors. Most of them are based on the story of worldly affairs as a joke, which is originally a warning, or hidden as a remonstrance, so it is said that there is no fault.

Zhugong Diao, compiled by the Master Kong Sanzhuan, includes legends, ghosts, eight tunes, and rap.

Compared with the large music of Jiaofang, small music does not use big drums, stick drums, Jie drums, head pipes, pipas, and zithers. Instead, it uses flutes, shengs, harps, harps, harps, etc. .

Small musical instruments can only be played by one or two people, such as Shuangyun combined with Ruan Xian, Jiqin combined with Xiaoguan, and Qin combined with gourd. Just pluck the fourteen strings on the harp, blow the drum board, and play the Bohai music for one beat. As for beating the drum, beating the water cup, gong board, and drum, they are all the same. Today, there are musicians in the market who work in groups of three or five, who come to the spring festival, watch the tide, admire the hibiscus, and sit around drinking wine, and they don’t have much money. They are called Huangguban.

Qingyue is better than Mahouyue, with the addition of square ring, sheng, flute, and small drum, and its sound is also soft and soft. During the Chunxi period, the Deoksugung Palace was filled with dragons and flutes, and forty envoys would play the dragon flutes every Mid-Autumn Festival or moonlit night.

Singing is called Xiao Sing, which means holding a wooden board and singing slow songs and broken songs. The heavy lifting is heavy and the killing is light. Therefore, it is called shallow pouring and singing in a low voice. It is integrated with the dance of the forty major songs. It is unique in Wa City today. none.

Pure singing refers to using the drum surface to sing the short lyrics of the song, driving the empty voice, and playing palace tunes. It is integrated with fruit singing and singing. It was originally only used in streets and markets, but now it is often found in houses.

The cry was written since the time of the capital. It was composed of the sounds of people singing and selling things in the market, and was combined with the tune of the palace. If pur singing is used as an introduction, and the next four sentences are used to enter, it is called the shadow band. Those who have no shadow are called scattered. If you don't go up to the drum head but only hit the lamp, it is called beating. When singing in the capital, there are Maoling and Maanda: there is an introduction and the ending is "Mao Ling"; after the introduction, there are only two tunes, and the one used in the cycle is "Mao Da".

After the ZTE, Doctor Zhang Wuniu wrote "Zhuan" because he listened to the drum board and found four more Taiping Orders, or the drum board (which is where the big sieve and Yang of the clapper are today). The meaning of making money by mistake is that it is just right and beautiful, but you don't realize that it is coming to an end, so it is not suitable to be a prelude to the film. Now there is "recovery", and it also changes into the love under the moon before the flowers and the iron cavalry. The hardest to make money is because it combines slow tunes, qupo, big tunes, pursing, singing, fan tunes, and shouting tunes.

Zazuo, also known as Zawang, also known as Niu Yuanzi, also known as Jihe, is a loose section of Zaju. When I was in the capital, villagers rarely entered the city, so I wrote this story, mostly pretending to be from a village in Hebei, Shandong, just to laugh. Today's playing and drumming, twirling and playing are all the same.

When Baixi was in the capital, each of the left and right armies was the Yaqian Le Camp of Kaifeng Prefecture.

Sumo fighting is called the game of horn fighting. It has its own boxing style and is a family of its own. It is the opposite of the twists and turns of the phase servants, and is similar to the military leader.

Kicking, when the amnesty is announced after every big ceremony, the person who grabs the golden rooster will use these people to mount the pole, beat the tendons, step on the stilts, beat the cross roller, take off the rope, pretend to be gods and ghosts, hold the gong, and dance Judging, dancing with knife, barbarian cards, sword dancing, playing ball with horses, and teaching boat swings, east and west teams fighting in the field, all the troops riding on horseback (Beiren Chaliu), and the market turning into one.

Miscellaneous skills all have clever names: kicking bottles, making bowls, kicking chimes, playing flower drums, kicking ink pens, playing balls, building balls, fighting, playing hard, teaching insects and ants, and fish Playing with bears, burning fireworks, setting off firecrackers, fire plays, water plays, sacred flowers, pinching medicine, hiding pressure medicine, magic puppets, sleeping on the wall, small drama shooting, shooting crossbows, collecting pots and bottles (i.e. the ancient pot throwing), hand shadow play, making money, changing threads, writing sand calligraphy, and changing characters.

Made silk puppets (originating from Chen Ping’s Liuqi siege), staff puppets, water puppets, and flesh puppets (for children and younger generations). When puppets perform stories about ghosts and ghosts, or cases involving cavalry, their scripts may be like dramas or cliff poems, with more fiction and less reality, such as the giant spirit god Zhuji Daxian.

Shadow plays, all shadow plays were first carved on plain paper by the people of the capital, and later on colored leather. The good appearance, the evil person and the ugly appearance also contain praise and blame in the eyes of the market.

There are four schools of speech: one is novels, which are called silver characters, such as smoke powder, ghosts, and legends. Talking about public cases is all about fighting for success, which is a matter of becoming prosperous and prosperous. Talking about iron cavalry, talking about soldiers, horses and golden drums. To expound sutras is to speak about Buddhist scriptures. When talking about participation, it means that the guest and the host have participated in meditation and enlightenment. Talking about history books, talking about the history, literature and biographies of previous dynasties, the rise and fall of wars. What I fear most about novelists is that they can tell stories from generation to generation in an instant. Hesheng is similar to Qi Ling and Sui Ling, each accounting for one thing.

Shang riddles, the old drum board was used to play "Congratulations on the Holy Dynasty", and people gathered together to guess poetry riddles, word riddles, violent riddles, and social riddles. They were originally cryptic. Youdao riddles (visitors recite cryptic words to tell riddles, also known as riddles), zhengguai (visitors ask for guesses), xiatao (businessmen ridicule those who have similar types of things, and people's names are related to wisdom), Tietao (reflections based on wisdom), Zouzhi (change the category of things to make it difficult for the guesser), Hengxia (allow others to guess), Ask the cause (the merchant drinks and asks the beginning of the sentence), Tiaoshuang (pretends to make it difficult to guess, so as to determine his wisdom).

Society

The literati had the West Lake Poetry Society. This society was different from other societies. It was composed of scholar-bureaucrats and poets who lived in the capital. There are many celebrities in the past. In other words, there are North and South Zhai and West Zhai, both of which are located on the right side of the Yangtze River. The flow of riddles and poems is gathered together to become a fast. There are also Cuju playing clubs and Sichuan crossbow shooting clubs. To worship the Buddha, there is the Illuminati Association at Tianzhu Temple, where wealthy families inside and outside the city help prepare incense, flowers, lamps, candles, and alms for the first year of the temple. There is also a tea soup gathering. Whenever this gathering meets a temple in the mountains for a fasting gathering, it will go there to provide tea soup to the good people in the gathering. In the city, there is a Pure Karma Meeting at Taiping Xingguo Chuan Dharma Temple. On the seventeenth day of each month, men gather, and on the eighteenth day, women gather. They enter the temple to listen to scriptures and listen to the Dharma. At the end of the year, a pharmacist's meeting will be held for seven days and nights. Xihu holds a life-releasing ceremony in April every year, and the other temples have their own dedicated meetings. Every year, there is a shrine dedicated to the birthday of the gods, and there is a wine shop. The Jinti Society, the Eight Immortals Society, the Fisherman Xi Xian Society, the Shengui Society, the Little Girl's Screaming Society, the Yun Society, the Kit Kat Restaurant Society, the Flower and Fruit Society; the Qibao Archaeological Society, all of which are Chinese and foreign treasures; the Horse Society , luxurious and crimson green; Qingle Club, this club is the most popular.

Gardens

In the city there are Wansongling, Neigui Wang's Fulan Garden, Sanmao Temple, Dongshan, Meiting, Qingshou Nunnery, Chujiatang, Yudong Garden, (connected to Qionghua Garden) Qinghubei Ciming Palace Garden, Yangfu Xiufang Garden, Zhangfu North Garden, and Yangfu Fengyun Qinghui Pavilion. Outside the new gate in the east of the city, there are the East Royal Garden (now known as Fujing Garden) and the Wuliu Royal Garden. In the west of the city, there is Jujing Yuyuan (formerly known as Xiyuan) outside Qianhu Gate in Qingbo, the Seven Cao Gardens of Zhang Mansion. To the west of Nanshan Long Bridge is Qingle Imperial Garden (formerly known as Nanyuan). There are Pingshan Imperial Garden in front of Jingci Temple and Zhangfu Zhenzhu Garden in front of Yunfeng Pagoda (with Gaohan Hall inside, which is extremely gorgeous). Siyuan, Huojiayuan, Fangjiayu, Liuyuan. In Beishan there are Jifang Imperial Garden, Sisheng Yanxiang Imperial Garden (this is the most scenic spot in West Lake), and Xiazhu Temple Imperial Garden. Outside Qiantang Gate there are Liuxiang, Yangfu Yundong Garden West Garden, Liufu Yuhu Garden, Sibing Pavilion Garden, and Yangfu Water Pavilion. There are also beautiful gardens, drinking green pavilions, Pei Mansion Shantao Garden, Zhao Xiu Prince Shuiyue Garden, and Zhang Mansion Ningbi Garden. At the intersection of Gushan Road, there are the Zhang Family General Garden, Desheng Hall, Free Life Pavilion, and Xinjian Gongzhu Pavilion (Yuan Shu Yin Tianfu Temple was rebuilt). Along the Su Causeway, there are new sages' hall (the original Pei's Garden, built by Yuan Shu), Sanxian's Hall (this new pavilion, Yuan Shu's statue was moved to the Narcissus King Temple), and Jiuli Songxi Garden (Dafu Liquor Storehouse).

Outside Yongjinmen there are Xianying Temple, Xizhai Hall, Zhangfu Yongze Garden, Ciming Hall and Huanbi Garden (formerly Qinghui Imperial Garden). There are fishing villages, big and small, other noble houses, wealthy houses and gardens, big and small, but some of them still don’t know their names.

Outside the Jiahui Gate in the south of the city, there is the Yujin Imperial Garden (where the captives used to shoot bows), and there is also a garden on the Baoshan Mountain to plant peach blossoms, which is most attractive to people in the spring, but the interior is more expensive. Hou Guangming Garden is the most beautiful. Outside the north gate in the north of the city, there is Zhao Guo's home. The gardens in East and West Macheng are places where exotic flowers and trees are planted in the capital.

The West Lake boats vary in size. There are one thousand boats, about fifty feet long, which can accommodate more than a hundred passengers; five hundred boats, about three twenty feet long, which can accommodate more than thirty or fifty passengers. They are all ingeniously built, with carved railings and painted buildings, and their movements are smooth, as if they were sitting on flat ground. No matter what time of year, there are always tourists renting vacations. The necessary utensils in the boat are all prepared one by one. In the morning, you can board the boat to drink, and in the evening, you will return home. There is no effort left, but money is spent. Some of them are made by rich people in noble houses, and they are particularly exquisite. In the spring of West Lake and in the autumn of Zhejiang, there are dragon boats competing for the title, which are impressively light and agile, and have the legacy of Jinmingchi; and the same is true for Dongpu River. However, from Mengqiu to Mid-Autumn Festival in Zhejiang, there were tide-driving people, holding flags and poles, playing in the waves, which was a spectacle and unique in the world.

Putting Mats

Ducheng Tianjie, formerly known as Qinghefang, is called Hunanwa in the south, Jiebei in the north, and Wu in front of the middle tile. Huaer Center; from the north of Wujianlou to the south of Guanxiang and Yu Street, there are mostly gold and silver banknote trading shops in the two rows. There are only more than a hundred shops. The doors display gold and silver and see money, which is called looking at stacks of money. The money is ready to be collected and calculated, and the money is introduced, and countless craftsmen are working on it. From the north of Ronghefang to Shinanfang, it is called the Pearl Market. When buying and selling, tens of thousands of people move there. There are more than a dozen treasuries in mansions and wealthy houses, but none of them use Guan Wan to collect the pledges. Others, such as famous painters' colorful silk pavilions covered with fine satin and brocade silk, are all missing everywhere. Another example is the Xiang Wang Family Velvet Shop (from Tokyo's living residence), which has now opened in Yujie. The number of shops is no less than 10,000. There are also large and small mats, all of which sell a wide range of goods, such as the cloth shop, fan shop, Wenzhou lacquerware shop, blue and white bowlware shop, etc. along the river at Pingjin Bridge. Moreover, each of the counties outside the county is most famous for one thing (such as the Wusha Hong fan, Wu Qian, etc.). Under the city, everything is gathered together. Kuangfu has many people, customers and vendors come and go. As for the old Chu Feather Fan, They all have Xingpai, and the rest can be known.

Fangyuan

Liu Yongyong's Qiantang poem says: "There are ten thousand families in different places", which is also a preface to Yuanfeng. Now Zhongxingxing has been more than a hundred years old. There are only a million households in the city. There are three places in the south and northwest of the city, each tens of miles away. There are dense crowds of people, and there are countless places to visit in a few days. They are all comparable. There are small states and counties on the outer road, which shows that the capital is prosperous. In the middle of the city, within the water gate of Beiguan, there is water for dozens of miles, called Baiyang Lake. The wealthy families built dozens of houses in the water, each with more than a thousand houses, and the smaller ones have hundreds of houses, to store the capital. Shops and travelers' belongings are surrounded by water on all four sides. They can also be protected from wind, candles and thieves. They are very convenient for wealthy people in the capital. This is not the case in other prefectures and counties. Although Huangchi, Taiping Prefecture, Nansha City, Jingnan, is a gathering place for merchants, There is no such kind of courtyard.

Idle people

This type of eater is also a middle- and lower-class person in Mengchang's family in ancient times. There is a class of unachievable children who are unemployed. They are quite good at reading, writing, playing the piano, playing chess, and are good at music. They are not good at anything. They specialize in accompanying the children of wealthy families on outings and banquets, and accompanying foreign officials to work in the capital. Those who are obscene will write brief notes for prostitutes to collect and deliver. There are also those who make a living by attending services, and there are those who can do everything, such as Niu Yuanzi, who is a student of Xuexiang. He can play musical instruments, do miscellaneous crafts, sing and speak in white, give orders at banquets, preach and send messages, and make water and use fists. Class, not true nature. There are also those who are dedicated to shed heads, also known as those who enjoy leisure, such as flying eagles, riding harriers, taming pheasants and pigeons, raising quails, fighting cocks, gambling, and giving birth. There are also knives and tweezers made by hand. People are good at this, so they are called "She'er", which means taking water. This kind of knives and tweezers specializes in market soaps, recruiting the disciples of Langjun, doing chores, negotiating deals, etc. There are also those who rush to sing Nai, inquire about the guests of brothels, and visit the lakes to enjoy the places, specifically offering incense and persuasion, in order to find money to support their families. Most of this generation will be greedy if they care about it; if they don't care about it, they will force their appearance to win favors.

Three teachings are outside the city

Inside and outside the capital, there are two schools of civil and military education. In addition to Zongxue, Beijing school and county school, there are other rural schools, private schools, There must be one or two residence halls and book clubs in every lane, and the sound of string chanting can often be heard in each other. During the great competition, there are occasionally those who ascend to the top and make up for the selection. There are no less than a hundred Buddhist temples, such as the great Zen temples such as Lingyin and Guangxiao temples, the legal temples such as Mingqing and Lingzhi temples, and the religious academies such as Dazhuanfa Huilin Huiyin, etc.

In addition, there are monasteries, nunneries, white-clothed societies, and Buddhist temples, which are incomparable. If a large temple has some training, we will recruit people here to help, and there will be those who are able to do something diligently. In addition to the Taoist temples in various palaces, temples, temples, etc., there are Taoist temples in various mansions (such as Lingying, Xiyi, etc.), all of which are Taoist priests, and We receive scholars from famous cave houses on the outer roads, and sometimes gods appear in response to fate, and strangers have their own records.