What's in the Temple of Heaven?

Question 1: What are the famous scenic spots in the Temple of Heaven? It is the main building of the Temple of Heaven, also known as the Valley Prayer Hall, where Emperor Meng Chun prayed for the Valley in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The Hall of Prayer for the New Year is made of brick and wood, with a height of 38 meters and a diameter of 32 meters. Three-layer double eaves shrink upward step by step to make an umbrella shape. The building is unique, without long purlins and nails. Twenty-eight huge nanmu pillars are arranged around to support the weight of the temple roof. The Hall of Praying for the New Year is designed according to the concept of "respecting heaven and respecting god". The hall is round, symbolizing the round sky. The tiles are blue, symbolizing the blue sky. The number of pillars in the temple is also said to be built according to the astronomical phenomena. The four "Longjing Columns" in the inner circle symbolize spring, summer, autumn and winter all the year round; The twelve "golden pillars" in the middle symbolize the twelve months of the year; The twelve "eaves columns" on the periphery symbolize twelve hours a day. The middle layer and the outer layer add up to 24, symbolizing 24 solar terms a year. The total number of * * * 28 on the third floor symbolizes 28 stars in the sky. Together with the eight pillars at the top, there are thirty-six pillars, symbolizing the thirty-six highest days. The Leigong column under the treasure dome symbolizes the emperor's "unification of the world". The algae well in the Hall of Prayer for the New Year consists of two layers: bucket, rake and mulberry, with golden dragon and phoenix relief in the middle, which is exquisite in structure and rich and luxurious.

Waqiu: Located at the southernmost tip of the Temple of Heaven, there are two circular walls outside and three circular stone altars in the middle. The table is surrounded by table stones, and a round slate in the middle is called "Tianxin Stone". There are nine brick slates in the outer circle, and the outer circle is 18, and each circle increases by nine in turn until "999" is eighty-one, which means "nine days". The voice of the person standing on the Tianxin stone is particularly rich and loud.

Imperial vault (echo wall): located in the north of Waqiu altar, it is the place where Waqiu altar worships gods and stores holy cards. It is a pyramid-shaped roof, with a single-eave blue tile and brick-wood structure on the gilded roof. The main hall has no beams, and the roof is supported by eight eaves columns, eight gold columns and countless arches. Three-story canopy caisson, which is collected layer by layer, is very distinctive and rare in ancient buildings. Outside the main hall are the famous echo wall, three-tone stone and dialogue stone.

Zhai Gong: Zhai Gong is the place where the emperor fasted. Zhai Palace is located in the northwest outside the Cheng Zhen Gate of the Temple of Heaven, with an east-west direction and a square plane. The palace wall has two floors, the outer layer is called brick city, with a circumference of 66.07 meters; The inner palace wall is called purple wall, with a circumference of 4 1.33 meters. The main hall of Zhai Palace is five rooms wide, and all the seats are white marble columns. The building structure is the same as that of a regular palace, with double eaves and drooping ridges, and all kinds of kissing animals. However, the roof of the hall is arched and has no traces of beams, so it is named Wuliangdian, which is a famous ancient building in Beijing. There are three affiliated halls in front of the temple, with a tall white stone pavilion on the left and right. The one on the left is called fasting bronze pavilion, and the one on the right is called time pavilion.

Divine Music Department: Located on the south side of the west gate of the Temple of Heaven in Beijing, it is one of the five major buildings in the Temple of Heaven, and it is an institution specializing in royal sacrificial music and dance in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It was built in the 18th year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (1402). Also known as Shen Optimism, it was called Shen Yuefu in the eighth year of Qing Qianlong (1743), and changed its name in the nineteenth year of Qianlong. The Divine Music Department is the organ that manages the performance of ancient music when offering sacrifices to heaven, and it is an institution specially used to train the personnel who offer sacrifices to music and dance.

I hope it helps.

Question 2: What are the magical places in the Temple of Heaven? The Temple of Heaven is the most complete, important and grand sacrificial building complex of feudal dynasty in China today, and it is also the most precious material and historical heritage in the history of ancient architecture in China. It makes full use of various architectural techniques and forms, fully embodies the principles of aesthetics, mechanics, acoustics and geometry, and represents the highest achievement of ancient architecture in China. The architectural design idea of the Temple of Heaven is to highlight the vastness and height of the sky, thus showing the supremacy of the Emperor of Heaven. For this reason, the layout has got rid of the traditional design with symmetrical central axis. The Temple of Heaven has a "Hui"-shaped double altar wall, which divides the whole building into an inner altar and an outer altar. The inner altar is mainly built on the inner altar, but the inner altar is not placed on the north-south middle line of the outer altar, but is located in the east of the central axis, leaving a vast open space in the west of the main building complex. When people enter the Temple of Heaven from the West Gate, the first thing they see is the open sky. The sacred, vast and supreme Emperor of Heaven immediately stood out against the blue sky and white clouds. People will suddenly feel weak and insignificant, so they will willingly worship the Emperor of Heaven and pray for blessing. Design of buildings such as Hall of Prayer for the New Year and Oasis Altar. Follow the same principle. The architecture of the Temple of Heaven can be divided into three groups, one centered on the Hall of Prayer for the New Year, the other centered on the ball altar, and the other centered on the Zhai Palace. Three groups of buildings are arranged in a "needle" shape. The Hall of Prayer for the New Year is a symbol of the Temple of Heaven, a three-story circular pyramid-shaped roof building with double eaves. The main hall adopts the structure of the altar of your highness. The base surface is in the shape of "Zhong", 4 meters above the ground. It is divided into three layers, with steps on all sides and a hall for praying for the New Year in the middle. The main hall is all made of wood structure, not long purlins, supported by 28 nanmu columns and 36 purlins, which is also praised in ancient buildings in China. In the middle, 24 unique Tian Tong columns (also known as Longjing columns) are as high as 19.2 meters and have a diameter of10.2 meters, which go straight to the top of the temple. Painted dragons and phoenixes, resplendent seals and exquisite decorations, the dragon caisson at the top of the hall is magnificent and beautifully carved. The Hall of Prayer for the New Year is magnificent in architecture, exquisite in structure, and the internal space rises layer by layer, gathering towards the center. The external abutment and eaves contract and rise layer by layer, creating a strong upward movement and showing a unique design idea. The Hall of Prayer for the New Year is not surrounded by high walls like the usual traditional buildings, but by a low wall only 1.8m high ... The hall is supported by three layers of white feet, and the courtyard floor is 4m high outside the hospital. The tall and dense cypress trees outside the courtyard only show the crown, which set each other off. The hall is "above the world, as if at the foot". The only things that come into sight are the Hall of Prayer for the New Year, the sky above it, and the vast Berlin with profound colors. The feeling of tranquility, solemnity and closeness to the sky arises spontaneously. At the end of the same straight line to the south of the Oahu altar prayer hall is the Oahu altar, which is also the main building of the Temple of Heaven. Also called the altar, there are two sides around the altar. The altar is divided into three layers and gradually adducted. Jiajing was built with blue glazed bricks and white marble in the ninth year, and it was expanded in the fourteenth year of Qingganlong (1749), and the altar surface was changed to Ai Ye Qingshi. These stone slabs are of the same size and shape, and the splicing is seamless. For more than 200 years, they are still as smooth as a mirror, and there is no phenomenon of upturning and sinking, which shows that they are exquisite designs and superb skills of craftsmen. A slate in the center of the altar is called Taiji Stone or Tianxin Stone. When people stand on this slate and shout softly, there will be echoes coming from all directions, clear and loud. But standing outside the center of the circle to speak or speak, but there is no such feeling. The reason is that the sound emitted by Tianxin stone is reflected back soon after reaching the surrounding stone fence, and it takes only 0.07 seconds from pronunciation to sound wave being reflected back, so it is difficult to distinguish the original sound from the echo. It sounds loud, but people around you don't feel this way. When the emperor stood on the Tianxin stone, there was silence all around, only his loud voice echoed in the sky, as if he could really talk to heaven. His heart must be full of dignity and pride. Zhai Gong Zhai Gong is also an important building, which belongs to the auxiliary building for worshipping heaven and is used for fasting and bathing before the emperor's sacrifice. Zhai Palace faces east in the west, and its plane is square. The palace is surrounded by two tall palace walls, and two wide royal rivers are daunting. There is also a 163 corridor on the inner shore of the outer ditch, which is where the guards stood guard during the emperor's fasting. The fasting palace mainly includes the main hall, the bedroom and the bell tower. It is known as a small palace because of its rigorous layout and regular structure. The main hall is five rooms wide, with arch-coupon-shaped masonry structure and no single-beam wooden columns. Known as the no-beam hall, it has superb skills and superb technology. Indeed ... >>

Question 3: What are the scenic spots in Tiantan Park?

The Temple of Heaven in Beijing covers an area of 2.72 million square meters, which is bigger than the Forbidden City. It has two walls to form an inner altar and an outer altar. The main buildings are the Hall of Prayer for the New Year, the Imperial Dome and the Dome. The dome is built on the north-south longitudinal axis. The altar wall is round in the south and round in the north, which symbolizes the round place. The ball altar is in the south, the valley prayer altar is in the north, and the two altars are on the same north-south axis, separated by a wall. The main buildings of the ball altar are the ball altar and the imperial dome, and the main buildings of the valley prayer altar are the hall of prayer for the new year, the palace and the door of prayer for the new year. The Hall for Praying for the New Year was built in the 18th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1420), formerly known as the Great Sacrifice Hall, and is a rectangular hall. The Hall of Prayer for the Year is 38.2 meters high and 24.2 meters in diameter, symbolizing the stars of the four seasons, December, twelve o'clock and Sunday respectively. It is the only existing Tang Ming-style ancient architectural complex and the main building of the Temple of Heaven. Waqiu was built in Jiajing nine years in Ming Dynasty. Every winter solstice, a "celestial sacrifice ceremony" is held on the stage, which is the so-called celestial altar. The echo wall is the round wall of the Temple of Heaven. Because the wall is hard and smooth, it is a good reflector of sound waves, and because of the precise circumferential curvature, sound waves can be continuously reflected along the inner surface of the wall and spread forward.

Question 4: What are the main buildings in the Temple of Heaven? They are concentrated at the north and south ends of the central axis of the inner altar, connected by a wide bridge, from south to north, namely the altar, the royal dome, the hall of praying for the New Year and the Qianlong Palace.

Question 5: What places of interest are there in Tiantan Park? The Temple of Heaven in Beijing covers an area of 2.72 million square meters, which is bigger than the Forbidden City. It has double walls, forming internal and external altars. The main buildings are the Hall of Prayer for the New Year, the Royal Dome and the mound. The dome is built on the north-south longitudinal axis. The altar wall is round in the south and round in the north, which symbolizes the round place. The ball altar is in the south, the valley prayer altar is in the north, and the two altars are on the same north-south axis, separated by a wall. The main buildings of the ball altar are the ball altar and the imperial dome, and the main buildings of the valley prayer altar are the hall of prayer for the new year, the palace and the door of prayer for the new year. The Hall for Praying for the New Year was built in the 18th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1420), formerly known as the Great Sacrifice Hall, and is a rectangular hall. The Hall of Prayer for the Year is 38.2 meters high and 24.2 meters in diameter, symbolizing the stars of the four seasons, December, twelve o'clock and Sunday respectively. It is the only existing Tang Ming-style ancient architectural complex and the main building of the Temple of Heaven. Waqiu was built in Jiajing nine years in Ming Dynasty. Every winter solstice, a "celestial sacrifice ceremony" is held on the stage, which is the so-called celestial altar. The echo wall is the round wall of the Temple of Heaven. Because the wall is hard and smooth, it is a good reflector of sound waves, and because of the precise circumferential curvature, sound waves can be continuously reflected along the inner surface of the wall and spread forward.

Question 6: What are the main buildings and functions of the Temple of Heaven? From the south, there are Zhao Hengmen, Dave, Star Gate, Outer Gate Tip, Qiutan and Imperial Vault. On the southeast side between the inner and outer streets, there are wood-burning stoves and iron-burning stoves. To the southwest is a lamppost. Outside the ball altar, next to the banana, there is the South God Chef and the South Sacrifice Pavilion.

Historical evolution:

First of all, let me introduce the historical evolution of Waqiutan complex. During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, he reformed the ritual system and added a group of buildings, namely the Ball Temple, to the south of the Heaven and Earth altar. It is used by the emperor to worship heaven and pray for Xia Meng every winter solstice. Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty rebuilt the Temple of Heaven and expanded the Oaxaca altar. This group of buildings has been preserved to this day.

The main function of Qiuqiu Temple Group is the place where emperors of Ming and Qing Dynasties held ceremonies to worship heaven. Every winter, solstice and Xia Meng's prayers are held here. There are four altar gates in Wanqiutan complex, namely East Taiyuan Gate, South Zhaoheng Gate, West Guangli Gate and North Cheng Zhen Gate. The names of these four gates come from the hexagrams of Yuan Heng Zhen in the Book of Changes. These four words praise the nature of heaven, the so-called "four virtues" of heaven.

Peripheral layout:

When we entered the gate of Zhao Heng, the first thing we saw was the service desk. There are two service tables in the Temple of Heaven, one is the ball altar in the south, and the other is the prayer altar in the valley in the north. Before the ceremony of offering sacrifices to heaven was held from the winter solstice, a tent was temporarily set up on the royal platform for the emperor to wash his hands and change his robes. Further on, the internal and external swords invaded the low wall around the attachment. The two children are covered with azure glazed tiles, symbolizing the sky. The sedan chair inside is round, and the sedan chair outside is square, symbolizing the round place. There are 24 stone gates inside and outside, which are called "Xingxingmen". There are Lixingmen of different sizes in Jiaotun, the inner gate in the south, and the biggest one in the middle is the door used by God. The second door in the east is the door that the emperor walked through; The smallest place in the west is the gate of the worshippers. In the southeast between Neimenmen Street, it is expected that there will be a burner, a wood stove and a pit, eight iron burners, two iron burners at the East and West Star Gates, and the inner and outer sedan chairs will hold light poles.

Architectural features:

Next, let me introduce the architectural features of Waqiu altar: it is divided into three floors, 5.7 meters high and has steps on all sides. The whole body is paved with mugwort bluestone and surrounded by white marble railings. The diameter of the first floor table is "19", the second floor table diameter is 15 ft "35", the third floor table diameter is 2 1 ft "37", and the sum of the third floor table diameters is 45, which means the honor of the Ninth Five-Year Plan. There are three steps on all sides, and the ninth level on each floor is "Sanjiu". The first, third, fifth, seventh and ninth yang numbers on the third floor are complete, which adds up to "twenty-five" corresponding days.

The pebble in the center of the dome is called Tianxin stone, which is one of the three major acoustic phenomena in the Temple of Heaven. Around Tianxin Stone, nine circles of fan-shaped stones are laid, the first circle is nine, the second circle is 18, and each circle is a multiple of nine, and so on until ninth circle is 8 1. The second desktop is also a fan-shaped stone with 9 circles, starting from 10 to 18, and the third desktop starts from 19 to 27, each circle is a multiple of 9. 9 is the limit yang number. Increase the multiple of 9 to maximize it, so as to emphasize the sublimity and sacredness of heaven.

Supporting facilities: lamp poles, wood stoves, etc.

Outside the ball altar, we saved the lamppost of the sedan chair. The lamp pole was built in Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, and it was nine feet high. During the ceremony of offering sacrifices to heaven, a large lantern with a diameter of 1.3 m and a height of 2. 15 m was hung on the lamppost. There are five huge candles in the lantern. It is not only a sign of the position of offering sacrifices to heaven, but also a sign of the beginning and end of offering sacrifices to heaven. During the Jiajing period, only one was built at that time. During the Chongzhen period, it increased to three, and now there is only one left.

Outside the ball altar, there is a wood-burning stove built with green glazed tiles in the south. At the beginning of the ceremony of offering sacrifices to heaven, a clean calf is placed on a wood-burning stove, which is lit by the official in charge of the stove and reaches the gods. It is called "burning wood to welcome the emperor". After the ceremony is completed, the sacrificial prison, sacrificial tray, sacrificial silks and other sacrifices are put into the wood stove for burning. There is a watchtower on the west side of the firewood stove, where the emperor observes the ceremony, which is called the "watchtower". The mound is located on the east side of the firewood stove, made of green glazed tiles and buried in the ground like a huge plate, with a diameter of about 1 m and a depth of about 0.3 m. It is used to bury oxtail, ox hair and ox blood, to show the intention of not forgetting to sacrifice the land.

There are 12 nike blazer around the altar in Oahu, which are distributed in three places. Next to the mound, there are eight iron stoves arranged from southwest to northeast, and there are a pair of stoves outside Lingxing Gate of Inner Banana. After the demolition, the sacrifices of eight emperors in the Qing Dynasty removed at the coordination meeting were burned in eight kilns respectively. Sacrifices taken from four slave positions were sent to four furnaces outside the Inner Gate Banana and Xiling Star Gate for burning.

Sacrificial ceremony:

Let me introduce you to the worship ceremony again.

Question 7: What are the scenic spots in the Temple of Heaven in Beijing? South in and north out,

Oasis altar part: meteor furnace and its supporting meteor furnace, lamp pole, dome and Tianxin stone.

Imperial vault part: imperial vault, echo wall, three-tone stone

There is a tree in the northwest of the imperial vault valve.

Next is Hyman Avenue, which has a service platform and a death gate, and the end is the New Year prayer hall.

Hall of Praying for the New Year: Hall of Praying for the New Year, Hall of Praying for the Valley, and Hall of Emperor Gan.

Above is the central axis, and on both sides are the Seven Star Stone, the Zhai Palace, the sacrificial place and the 72 cloister.

Question 8: How much is the ticket for Tiantan Park? What's delicious in the Temple of Heaven? Opening hours: the gate is open from 6: 00 to 22: 00, and the internal attractions are open at 8:00. Admission price: off-season 10 yuan, off-season 15 yuan, off-season joint ticket to 30 yuan, off-season 35 yuan from March 1 to June 30: 16:00, closing the gate, 17:30. Tickets will be closed at July1~1October 3 1: 16:30, and the scenic spot will be closed at 18:00. 111October 1 ~ February 28th of the following year: the coupon will be closed at the gate 15:30, and the scenic spot 17:00. Hall of Prayer for the Year+Mouqiu+Echo Wall =20 yuan, not only selling tickets for any scenic spot; God Music Department+Zhai Gong = 10 yuan, not only selling tickets for any scenic spot. Low season: April1~1October 3 1, and peak season: June165438+1October/~ March 3 1. Tel: 0 10-67028866 Address: No.7, Neidongli, Tiantan, Chongwen District, Beijing, a historical and cultural attraction, to enhance their cultural quality.

Question 9: What are the main things in the Temple of Heaven in Beijing? Hall of prayer for the New Year, echo wall, mound. There is a charge for entering these three places.

In fact, Hall of Prayer for the New Year = Echo Wall (the main hall inside)+mound.

You can reply if you need pictures, because I just went with someone a few days ago.

Question 10: Are there any historical allusions in the Temple of Heaven? In the 18th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1420), the Temple of Heaven was built in imitation of Nanjing to worship the emperor. At that time, the ceremony was held in the big hall. In the ninth year of Jiajing (1530), Emperor Jiajing listened to the minister's words: "The ancients worshipped heaven in the round mound and the earth in the square mound. Hilly people, hills on the ground in the southern suburbs, are as high as the sky. Fangqiu is a hill in the northern suburbs of Zezhong, and the hill goes down to the ground. " So I decided to divide the sacrifices into heaven and earth, build a dome to worship heaven in the south of the Great Sacrifice Hall, and build another Fang Zetan to worship heaven outside the Anding Gate in the north city. In the 13th year of Jiajing (1534), Waqiu was renamed Tiantan and Fangze Ditan. After the temple was abandoned, it was turned into a prayer altar. In the seventeenth year of Jiajing (1538), the altar of praying for the valley was abandoned, and another hall was built on it in the nineteenth year, which was completed in the twenty-fourth year. In the 16th year of Qing Qianlong (175 1), it was renamed the Hall of Praying for the New Year. Later, it was repaired and expanded many times.