The main contents of the adaptation of San Wan

1927 On September 30th, the autumn harvest troops went to Sanwan Village and held a meeting of the former enemy committee at the "Taihe Xiang" grocery store where Mao Zedong lived. Mao Zedong first analyzed that the reason for the failure of the first revolution was that the * * * production party did not have its own army, and put forward the important proposition that "the party was built on the company". At that time, Yu Sadu, a teacher, raised various questions, and Chen Hao, Han Xu and others also stood up against it. The indoor debate is fierce, and the discussion is abnormal. Mao Zedong patiently explained. Finally, he cited the Ye Ting Independent Regiment, the first revolution in China, as an example, on which the Party branch was built. Most leading cadres are. The party has mastered the successful experience of its own army, which shows that it is an important guarantee for the victory of the revolution to "build the Party's headquarters" and play the role of a fortress, so as not to be dragged down and beaten in the hard war years. Under the faint oil lamp, the discussion continued until dawn.

Teacher Yu Sadu called the troops to gather under Fengshuping. Mao Zedong stood up and spoke. First of all, he encouraged morale and said, "Comrades! The enemy just shot at us from behind. No big deal. Everyone is born by his mother. The enemy has two feet, so do we. He Long started with two kitchen knives in his hometown, and now he is a military commander. There are nearly a thousand of us. What are we afraid of? Everyone rebelled and rioted. A man can be the enemy of 10, and a soldier of 10 can be the enemy of 100. What's to be afraid of? Without setbacks and failures, the revolution will not succeed! " Subsequently, the spirit of the "Three Bays Adaptation" meeting and three decisions on the formation of a new type of people's army were announced: First, the troops were reorganized, and the original first division of the First Army of the Workers and Peasants Revolutionary Army was reduced to one regiment, with two battalions and ten companies under its jurisdiction, which was called the first regiment of the First Division of the First Army of the Workers and Peasants Revolutionary Army. The second is to establish a party organization in the company and establish a party representative system. There are party groups and party member in the class; There are Party committees at and above the regimental level, and the whole army is led by Mao Zedong, which has established the principle of "the party commands the guns". Third, the company establishes a democratic system of soldiers' committees, implements equality between officers and men and economic fairness, and breaks the employment relationship of the old army; And initially brewed "three major disciplines and six attentions". Immediately, the troops began to reorganize.

After the reorganization, the first regiment of the first division of the first army of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Revolutionary Army was collectively located in Fengshuping, Sanwan Village. Mao Zedong made an important speech to the troops, further expounded the great significance of marching into Jinggangshan, strengthened the revolutionary confidence and will of officers and men, and announced the marching discipline: all actions should be obeyed, and funds should be turned over, and people should not be given a sweet potato casually. Mao Zedong said: We are an army led by the * * * Production Party. Only by strictly observing these three disciplines can we get on well with the people in the mountains and the army in Wang Zuo. "This is the beginning of the three major disciplines that are of great significance to the construction of the people's army. Subsequently, under the farewell of the people of Sanwan, the troops left Sanwan to March on the former Ninggang ancient city, and the troops arrived at Ciping in the hinterland of Jinggangshan. Since then, the principle of army-building established by the adaptation of Sanwan has been effectively adhered to in the process of integrating the peasant armed forces of Jinggangshan, Yuan and Zhu De, the uprising troops of Bi and Bi, the uprising troops of Peng and the uprising troops of Ningdu, Dong Zhentang and Jizhongzhen, which has gradually improved the quality of troops and soldiers and accumulated experience for building an invincible Red Army. Another important content of the three bays adaptation is the implementation of democracy in the army.

It is described in detail: "The army, regiment, battalion and company all have soldiers' committees, and officers are also soldiers' committees. The company's soldiers' congress elected 5 to 7 or 9 people as the executive committee of the company committee, and elected a chairman. Every five members of the whole battalion elect a representative to form the whole battalion soldiers committee, and 1 1 to 13 members form the battalion executive committee, and 1 is elected as the chairman. According to 10 delegates in the group, 1 delegates will be organized, 17 to 19 people will organize the executive committee of the group members, and 1 people will elect the chairman. The whole army shall organize a representative meeting of the whole army according to 30 to 50 people, and elect 19 to 2 1 or 23 people to organize an executive committee of non-commissioned officers, and elect 1 person as its chairman, and the executive committee of non-commissioned officers shall elect 5 to 7 people as its standing committee.

With the downsizing of the army, the organizational structure of the party in the army has also been adjusted accordingly. Mao Zedong summed up the experience and lessons, and established party organizations at all levels in the army. Each class has a team, even a branch, and each battalion and regiment has a party committee. This is a great creation, which plays a very important role in the party's integration of the army and the smooth realization of its will in the army. Mao Zedong later affirmed the important role of adjusting the structure of the army and party organizations in the Jinggangshan struggle. He said: "The reason why the Red Army struggled hard and didn't break up is that the branch was built in Lian." Mao Zedong redesigned the party representative system according to the actual situation. The party representative system originated from Huangpu Military Academy. Whampoa Military Academy is different from the old military academy in that it has Party representatives and the Political Department. Adapted from Sanwan's "The Branch is Built on the Company", it has made a great creation to the party representative system, thus laying the foundation for our party's political army building. After the reorganization of Sanwan, the army set up a party representative at or above the company level as the party secretary, who was responsible for ideological and political work at or above the company level. In this way, the party representative system has gradually formed a double-headed responsibility system at all levels in the people's army. "The party representative system, experience has proved that can't be abolished. Especially at the company level, because the party branch is built in the company, the party representative is more important. He will urge the soldiers' committee to conduct political training, guide the work of the democratic movement, and serve as secretary of the Party branch. Facts have proved that which company has better party representatives will be more sound, but it is not easy for the company commander to play such a big role in politics. "The implementation of the party representative system in the army is essentially to strengthen the combination of the party and the army and effectively realize the party's leadership over the army. At the same time, special attention should be paid to the development of party member among squad leaders and soldiers, which will bring the Party closer to the soldiers and the masses and greatly strengthen political and ideological work.

The new thing of democracy in the army left a deep impression on the soldiers and the masses at that time, and they still remember this history decades later. Song Renqiong, a former director of the Military Commission, said: "I was the chairman of the Military Commission in the battalion, and the Military Commission was elected. According to the number of election places, some members are selected by the company, and members of the three companies form the Battalion Soldiers Committee. The Soldiers' Committee has not set up any organs or full-time offices, but only meets to study when something happens. Soldiers' Committee is an important part of the work of party representatives. The work of the Soldiers' Committee is mainly concentrated in the company, one is political democracy, and the other is economic democracy, which distributes meals, manages meals and manages the economy. At that time, there were many officers in the old army, and the warlords who beat people and called names had serious habits, so the soldiers' Committee struggled with their old habits. " Since the implementation of the democratic system, the interests of soldiers and the masses have been guaranteed, their revolutionary enthusiasm has been greatly mobilized, soldiers have the feeling of being masters of their own affairs, and their sense of responsibility for army building has been significantly enhanced. There is a new relationship between officers and men in the army, which is consistent from top to bottom and treats each other as equals.