Dingguo Peng's life

Dingguo Peng was born in an ordinary Irish family in Gori, England on February 19 12 1 1. His parents are John Prendergast and Margaret Prendergast. Dingguo Peng studied in Ireland when he was young, then moved to London with his family and got an off-campus degree from London University. From 1930 to 1939, he worked as a civil servant in middlesex County Council, from an official to an assistant Council secretary.

1939 After the outbreak of World War II, Dingguo Peng joined the Royal Sussex Corps and received training at the Military Academy. 1940 After completing the training in August, he officially served as an army second lieutenant. 1May 3, 943, due to outstanding performance, he was promoted to the rank of major in the army. Dingguo Peng's military medals for World War II ranged from 1939 to 1945, including Star Medal, African Star Medal, National Defense Medal and War Medal. Early intelligence work

The experience of joining the army in World War II inadvertently brought Dingguo Peng the opportunity to join the intelligence work. In 1945, Dingguo Peng, who works for the British Palestinian Trust and Legion, was recruited by MI5 to perform special tasks. At that time, Zionism prevailed in Palestine, and extremist military organizations composed of Jews such as Ilgon and Stern Gang were very active. In order to realize the idea of Zionism in Palestine, these right-wing Zionist organizations often incite attacks against Arabs and the trusteeship government, making the local situation unstable. Dingguo Peng's initial job was to participate in a series of anti-terrorism missions to disrupt the attacks of these organizations and hunt down agents and spies active in China.

After World War II, Dingguo Peng stayed in Palestine, and in 1946, he joined the trusteeship government as an assistant to the regional administrator. In July of the same year, the King David Hotel in Palestine exploded. Ilgen planted a bomb in the King David Hotel, which was used as a trusteeship for government offices and British garrison headquarters. The west side of the south wing of the building was blown up, killing 965438 people and injuring 46 others. Dingguo Peng was on the scene when the incident happened, but he escaped in time. 1947, Dingguo Peng joined the Palestinian police force. However, after Israel declared its founding in May 1948, the British trust government and the police force were dissolved, and Dingguo Peng was sent to the police force on the Gold Coast, another British colony, as an assistant superintendent. During his tenure, he also served as the No.2 in the Political Department of the Police Force and served as the divisional director of the Political Department to 1952. During Dingguo Peng's work in the Gold Coast, the local voice for independence has been growing. Just a few years after he left the Gold Coast, the Gold Coast declared its independence in 1957 and changed its name to Ghana.

He Miaomiao Uprising in Kenya

1952, Dingguo Peng was assigned by the War Department to go to Suez Canal with the British army to perform special tasks. After completing his mission in the second year, he was transferred to Kenya Police Force as a superintendent. Soon after, he was promoted to Senior Superintendent in 1954, and in March of 1955, he was promoted to Acting Assistant Director of Police Force, and concurrently served as Director of Police Political Department and Intelligence Department, in charge of intelligence and other sensitive internal security affairs in Kenya. Like other British colonies, anti-colonial sentiment in Kenya was high at that time. 1952, He Miaomiao uprising broke out in the local area. In the same year, the colonial government declared a state of emergency in 10, and mobilized troops to destroy some Kikuyus who participated in the riots by force. The rebellion in He Miaomiao lasted for a long time, and the two sides reached an impasse. 1955, 18 On June 65438+1October 18, the Kenyan colonial government implemented a policy of welcoming He Miaomiao people hiding in the mountains of aberdare. Under the new appeasement policy, all rebels who are willing to surrender will not face the death penalty, but they will still face judicial trial. Nevertheless, the policy of wooing Ann attracted the dissatisfaction of Kenyan white colonists, who thought it was too kind.

In order to effectively implement the policy of wooing, Dingguo Peng was ordered to organize and directly command a political department team to lobby He Miaomiao leaders to lead the people to surrender. The group is composed of seven members of the Political Department, among whom Sheriff Ian Henderson and Bernard Lacker are Dingguo Peng's deputies. Under the leadership of Dingguo Peng, a seven-member team of the Political Department launched a lobbying plan called "Operation Cui" on March 1 2005. During the operation, Dingguo Peng led his team members into Aberdeen Mountain for more than 30 times, and each time he went behind enemy lines and directly discussed the arrangement of harness with He Miaomiao leaders. When negotiating with the leaders of He Miaomiao, Dingguo Peng and others disarmed themselves to show goodwill; In addition, because there is another faction in He Miaomiao that resolutely opposes wooing, Dingguo Peng will take different dangerous routes every time he enters the enemy's rear to prevent being ambushed, which makes every mission extremely dangerous.

Dingguo Peng's lobbying made some He Miaomiao leaders willing to go to Nairobi to negotiate with the colonial government. After two rounds of talks, He Miaomiao even promised to hand over 50 people first to show its sincerity. However, this decision met with fierce opposition from Teamin Between in He Miaomiao camp, which forced He Miaomiao to withdraw its commitment made on May 20th 1955 and put on a confrontational stance again, thus suspending the "crackdown". In view of the suspension of the operation, the colonial government had no choice but to give up the policy of wooing Angola on July 18 of the same year, and the "crackdown" officially ended. Nevertheless, during the period from the breakdown of the negotiations on May 20th to the cancellation of the policy of soliciting an 'an in July 18, as many as 439 He Miaomiao rebels voluntarily surrendered to the colonial government, and some of them even participated in the negotiations with Dingguo Peng. At the same time, the colonial government eliminated 433 Maoists and arrested 253 others. Kenyan officials have made great achievements in wooing and suppressing the Maoists, which is not unrelated to the "crackdown" presided over by Dingguo Peng. After the "Blow-off Action", the backbone leader of He Miaomiao Uprising, Dedan Kimathi, was arrested in 1956 10, which marked the decline of He Miaomiao Uprising. By 1960, the He Miaomiao Uprising, which lasted for a long time, finally subsided.

In order to praise Dingguo Peng, Henderson and Luke for their heroic performance in the crackdown, the British court awarded them the George Medal on September 27th, 1955 respectively. The George Medal is specially awarded to civilian personnel who show bravery, ranking second only to the George Cross (the status of the George Cross is equivalent to the Victoria Cross awarded to military personnel). Prior to this, Dingguo Peng was awarded the Colonial Police Medal on the Queen's Birthday Honours List in June 1955, and was awarded an award by royal decree in March 1957. As for another African General Medal (with stripes), he also won it during his service in Kenya. Since then, Dingguo Peng officially became the Assistant Commissioner of Police on 1955 and 12, during which he served as the Senior Assistant Commissioner of Police. To 1957, further promoted to Senior Assistant Commissioner of Police.

Transfer to Cyprus

After the Maomao Uprising, Dingguo Peng was transferred to Cyprus in June as the head of the police intelligence department. Cyprus is located in the Mediterranean Sea, adjacent to Greece and Turkey. The population of the island is mostly Greeks and a few Turks, but the relationship between the two sides has not been very harmonious. During World War II, the Greeks in Cyprus helped the British to fight, hoping to integrate Cyprus into Greece after the war, but the Turks on the island hoped that Britain would continue to rule and not be oppressed by the Greeks. As for the British army, Cyprus is close to Egypt's Suez Canal and other fortresses, which has important strategic value. Therefore, Britain did not give up its administration of Cyprus after the war, which gradually aroused the dissatisfaction of the Greeks on the island.

Since the end of World War II, there have been many small-scale ethnic conflicts between some radical Greeks and Turks on the island. These Greeks were dissatisfied with Britain's continued rule and made the local colonial government the target of attack. 1955, a group of radical Greek Cypriots even set up an armed organization, EOKA, and instigated armed actions many times, aiming at overthrowing the local colonial rule and striving for Cyprus to join Greece, which further aggravated the turbulent situation. At first, the colonial government of Cyprus took high-handed and tough measures to suppress the troublemakers, but this further aggravated Ioka's resistance. From 1957 to 12, the British government appointed Sir Hugh Ford (later Lord Caradon) as the Governor of Cyprus, seeking reconciliation between all parties and discussing the future of Cyprus.

However, the British side studied the independence plan of Cyprus and further dramatized the conflict between Greeks and Turks on the island. The two sides attacked each other in order to achieve their independent goals, and the colonial government continued to be the target of attack. 1958, the Turks on the island set up an armed organization TMT to fight against EOKA by force and strive for the independence of the Turkish community on the island, which made it necessary for Foot to take tough measures against the troublemakers.

It is against this background that Dingguo Peng became the head of the intelligence department of the police force. Because of his meritorious service in quelling the Maomao Uprising in Kenya, it caused a heated discussion among Cypriot public opinion at the beginning of his tenure. The police intelligence department headed by Dingguo Peng is equivalent to the political department of other colonies, and the position of the head of the intelligence department is equivalent to that of the Cyprus police chief and the director of the military operations department. In addition, Dingguo Peng also enjoys great power, and can directly meet with the Governor Sir Ford to report all kinds of information. In order to cooperate with Fute's policy, during his tenure, Dingguo Peng raided the militants in Eoka and TMT on a large scale, thus controlling the local situation. 1959 In March, Dingguo Peng arrested Colonel San Giorgio Grivas, the leader of Ioka who surrendered, further easing the local situation. Under the instruction of Alan Lennox-Boyd, the British colonial secretary, Grivas was not executed by the colonial government like the Kenyan He Miaomiao leader Kimathi. On the contrary, he left Cyprus from Nicosia airport under the personal escort of Dingguo Peng, and was exiled to live in Greece until Cyprus became independent in 1964.

As representatives of various communities in Britain, Greece, Turkey and Cyprus reached a consensus on the future of Cyprus in February 1959, the process of local independence became clear. In the last few years of the colony, Dingguo Peng was responsible for training and expanding the local police force to prepare for the public security planning after the independence of Cyprus in August 1960. In recognition of Dingguo Peng's contribution to the Cypriot colonial government, he was awarded the CBE medal by the British court in the New Year's Day honours list 1960, and was also awarded the General Service Medal (with stripes).

Zeng case, editor of Hong Kong Political Department.

Before the independence of Cyprus, Dingguo Peng was transferred to the post of Assistant Commissioner of the Hong Kong Police Force in May 438+0960+10. He has a close relationship with MI5, and his actual duty is to take charge of the political department of the police force and engage in intelligence work in Hong Kong. As soon as the news of Dingguo Peng's transfer to Hong Kong came out in June, 1959, 1 1, it attracted the front page report of the English newspaper Chen Dexi, describing Dingguo Peng as "the number one problem-solving expert in the British colony" and pointing out that his main task of transferring to Hong Kong was to improve the handling level of the political department. Henry Wylde Edwards Heath, then Commissioner of Police, wrote to the newspaper after the report was published, clarifying that Dingguo Peng's transfer to Hong Kong was only a normal personnel turnover, and the political department did not need special training from Dingguo Peng, stressing that public opinion should not be exaggerated.

On the other hand, during his tenure in Hong Kong, Dingguo Peng was responsible for preventing China * * * spies from infiltrating into Hong Kong. The most concerned story was 196 1 solving the sensational Zeng case. He was one of the few Chinese who rose to the top of the police force at that time and was highly respected in the police force. 19 1 was sent by the hong kong government to Cambridge university in England in September, and returned to hong kong at the age of 36 to become the vice president and assistant superintendent of huangzhukeng police training school. However, on June 3rd, 196 1, 10, under the auspices of, the Political Department suddenly took action and arrested Zeng by invoking the Expulsion of Foreigners Ordinance, which caused a lot of public opinion for a while.

After his arrest, he was detained at the Peak Police Station and Chatham Road Barracks in Tsim Sha Tsui and questioned by the Political Department. By June 30th of the same year, 165438+ had been deported from Luohu together with four other people who had nothing to do with the Hong Kong Government and was accepted by the Chinese side. Less than two months after he was arrested, tried, deported from Britain and deported, the incident was confusing. It is generally believed that he was deported for espionage, but the police, the Hong Kong Government, the colonial departments and even China and Zeng refused to disclose the details of the case, making it impossible for the outside world to know the truth and the inside story. It is reported that he had secretly collected highly confidential information from the Hong Kong government for China, and then passed it on through the behind-the-scenes command of Macao, but it was finally exposed by the Political Department.

Chen Jianjian incident

When Dingguo Peng was in charge of the Political Department, he also handled another Chen Jianjian incident that caused widespread public concern. Chen Jianjian, a native of Shantou, was born in Chinese mainland. He opposed the * * * party regime in China and took part in local anti-* * activities. He later moved to Hong Kong and joined an underground organization of the Kuomintang in Hong Kong. 1963 65438+1On October 9, 24-year-old Chen Jianjun was taken away for questioning by the personnel of the Political Department under the auspices of Dingguo Peng, accusing him of joining the Kuomintang secret service organization and being suspected of helping to collect arms and explosives in order to instigate an attack on the Chinese mainland regime in China. Chen Jianjian was detained by the personnel of the Political Department for many days, and was released in June 5438+1October 265438+1October.

After his release, Chen Jianjian claimed that he was beaten and abused by the police during his detention. On February 7th, the same year, Sing Tao Daily and English Tiger respectively reported the incident in a large space. Among them, English Tiger reported in detail on the front page and the inside page with the title of "Chen Jianjian's painful experience", which aroused great public concern and doubt. In order to calm the public's doubts, the then Governor Sir Charles BAE decided on 9 February to invoke the Commissioner's Powers Ordinance to set up an independent complaint investigation committee of Chen Jianjian to investigate Chen Jianjian's allegations in Sing Tao Daily and English Tiger Newspaper. On February 12, 2002, the Hong Kong Government appointed Bai Liqu, Deputy Justice of the High Court, as the chairman of the investigation committee.

From February 65438 to April 25, 2009, Bailiqu presided over a closed-door hearing in the Supreme Court for several days, summoning Chen Jianjian, police officers involved and newspaper related persons to testify. Subsequently, on July 24th, the Hong Kong government made public the report of Chen Jianjian's Complaint Investigation Committee written by Baliqu himself. In this 300-page report, Bailiqu severely criticized Chen Jianjian for lying constantly and never being beaten and treated unreasonably by the police. On the contrary, the report pointed out that Chen Jianjian's activities may lead to the authorities' expulsion of him from the country according to the Law on Expulsion of Foreigners. Therefore, the police have every reason to suspect Chen Jianjian in advance and arrest him for further investigation. The report also criticized Sing Tao Daily and English Tiger newspaper for reporting Chen Jianjian's allegations without careful verification, misleading the public and damaging the reputation of the police force, and concluded that Chen Jianjian's allegations were not established.

Dingguo Peng was awarded the Queen's Police Medal again on New Year's Day 1964. In April of the same year, he was promoted to Deputy Director of the Police Force, and 1966 retired from the Hong Kong Police Force. However, in the same year, Dingguo Peng was recruited again and sent to the Middle East, where he became the head of the intelligence department of the British High Commission in Aden, South Arab Federation. South Arab Federation is a political entity controlled by Britain, which consists of 17 countries. However, it was an emergency in Aden. Arabs in the Federation often launch terrorist attacks in order to fight for independence, and the factions fighting for independence also attack each other for different interests, which leads to a rather turbulent state in the local area. Only one year after Dingguo Peng came to power, the South Arab Federation protected by Britain and the neighboring South Arab protectorate declared their independence in June 1967 1 1 and established the Yemeni People's Democratic Republic. Dingguo Peng had to withdraw from the country with Britain. During his service in Aden, Dingguo Peng was awarded the General Service Medal (with stripes) for the second time; 1968 On New Year's Day, the British court awarded him CMG again in order to reward his intelligence work in Aden.

Returning to Hong Kong to Fight Corruption [Editor] The Garbo Case and the Establishment of the Independent Commission Against Corruption

Dingguo Peng retired again after leaving Aden on 1967. He and his wife bought farmland and manor in Malta, a Mediterranean island country, planted grapes and lived a leisurely pastoral life. However, Dingguo Peng's retirement did not last long. 1August, 973, I came back again at the invitation of the British government. This time, it was personally invited by the Governor of Hong Kong, Sir MacLehose (later Lord MacLehose). As for the task of coming back, it is to eradicate corruption in Hong Kong.

Corruption in Hong Kong has a long history, especially in government departments, where many public officials openly embezzle and collect money. Specific examples include firemen collecting money before opening fire hydrants, ambulancemen asking for "tea money" before sending patients to the hospital, and patients in the hospital should be rewarded by female workers commonly known as "aunts" in order to get reasonable services. In addition, general public services, such as waiting for public housing and applying for admission. Among many government departments, the corruption of the Royal Hong Kong Police Force, where Dingguo Peng once worked, is the most serious. Although it was described as "the best power that money can buy in the world" and was awarded the title of "Royal" by Queen Elizabeth II in 1969, many police officers who took bribes actually abused their powers, amassed a lot of wealth, sheltered all kinds of illegal crimes, and seriously threatened social order, causing many citizens to suffer deeply.

When 197 1 became governor, MacLehose was determined to study and solve the problem of corruption in Hong Kong, and his greatest contribution to fighting corruption was the establishment of the Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) to combat corruption. The establishment of the Independent Commission Against Corruption is not unrelated to the Gerber case. Gerber is a foreign chief superintendent and a senior member of the police force. He performed well in the riots on June 7 and was awarded a medal by the Queen of England. 197 1 June, served as deputy commander of Kowloon District. On the other hand, in 197 1 year, the police anti-corruption department began to notice that Peter Peter Godber had a lot of wealth of unknown origin, so it secretly investigated him. However, due to insufficient evidence, the preliminary investigation of the anti-corruption department has stalled. At this time, Peter Peter Godber realized that the police had investigated his property, so he applied for early retirement in July 1973 in order to escape from Hong Kong as soon as possible.

Under the direction of MacLehose, the then Commissioner of Police Xue Jifu personally presided over the investigation of Garber's case. 1April, 1973, Xue Jifu received information that Peter Godber's property of unknown origin exceeded HK$ 4.3 million, equivalent to six times his income since he worked in the police force for 2 1 year. At the same time, Peter Peter Godber applied for retirement one month earlier in June, 1973, in an attempt to leave Hong Kong before the police found enough evidence. Although the police have never been able to obtain enough evidence to prove that Peter Godber's unknown money is the proceeds of corruption, Xue Jifu decided to preempt him and ordered Peter Godber to suspend his post in May of the same year for further internal investigation. On the other hand, at Xue Jifu's request, John Hobley, then Minister of Justice, also cited the Prevention of Bribery Ordinance passed by 197 1 for the first time, and on June 4, asked Peter Godber to explain the source of his property in 10. On June 8th, Peter Godber, who was under suspension investigation, took advantage of his authority to fly from Kai Tak Airport to Britain via Singapore, which caused an uproar in the society.

On the one hand, MacLehose appointed Sir Barry Carnall, Senior Deputy Justice of the Supreme Court, to investigate the case of Ge Baiqian's escape from prison. On the other hand, MacLehose read out the policy addresses to the Legislative Council at 1973 10 and 17, and formally proposed to set up an "anti-corruption commission" which is directly responsible to the Governor and independent from the government to investigate corruption cases. At the same time, MacLehose also announced the appointment of Jack Cater (later Sir), former director of the Home Affairs Bureau, as the first "Anti-Corruption Commissioner", and Dingguo Peng as the first executive director and "Deputy Anti-Corruption Commissioner" of the office. Soon after, the Anti-Corruption Commissioner was officially renamed the Independent Commission Against Corruption, and the Anti-Corruption Commissioner and the Deputy Commissioner were named the Independent Commission Against Corruption and the Deputy Commissioner respectively. By February, 1974, the office was officially put into operation. The executive office was located in Hutchison Building in Central in the early years. After Dingguo Peng left office, he moved to 1978 Murray Road Parking Building.

Extradition Peter Peter Godber to Hongkong for trial.

Dingguo Peng officially arrived in Hong Kong on February 4th 1973. His first task was to arrest Peter Peter Godber to show the determination of ICAC to fight corruption and promote honesty. However, the Hong Kong government can't bring Gerber to Hong Kong for trial because there is no charge that the income is not commensurate with the official position in the Prevention of Bribery Ordinance in Hong Kong. However, the British Government indicated that as long as one person is willing to testify against Peter Godber's corruption crimes in Hong Kong, it will be convenient for Britain to cooperate with the Hong Kong Government and bring Gerber back to Hong Kong according to law.

In order to try to collect evidence to prove Peter Gerber's crime, Dingguo Peng, Gerald Hacknett, deputy director of the Executive Office, two assistant directors of the Executive Office and several senior investigators formed a core investigation team to investigate Gerber's case. At first, the investigation team could not find anyone to testify against Peter Godber's crime, which led to the stagnation of the investigation. But not long after, Ernest Hunt, the former warden who was serving his sentence in Stanley Prison for another corruption crime, offered to provide the ICAC with information about Peter Godber's corruption, which provided a new direction for the investigation.

Under the secret arrangement of Thomas Garner, the warden, Dingguo Peng, who used an alias, and Ross Penlington, the prosecutor of the Ministry of Justice, visited Stanley Prison several times in April 1974 to obtain confessions. Through the confession provided by Hande, Dingguo Peng learned that Peter Godber was suspected of accepting a bribe of HK$ 25,000 from Chinese superintendent Zheng Hanquan in March 197 1 2007 to help Zheng Hanquan become the superintendent of Wan Chai District. After collecting enough evidence, Dingguo Peng acted quickly. 1974 On April 29th, Gerber was arrested by the British police at his home in Sussex and sent to London for custody. On April 30th, Zheng Hanquan, then vice president of Huangzhukeng Police Training School, was also arrested by the police and the ICAC police. Soon after, Zheng Hanquan promised ICAC to be a tainted witness, willing to testify against Peter Peter Godber's corruption crime.

Since then, Dingguo Peng personally went to Hong Kong and London several times and submitted evidence and testimony to Baojie Magistrate's Court, which was responsible for bringing Peter Gerber back to Hong Kong, in order to successfully bring Peter Gerber back to Hong Kong for trial. After eight months' hearing, Baojie Magistracy finally ruled that Peter Peter Godber could be extradited to Hong Kong for trial in February. 1974. In June, 1975, 1.6, Peter Peter Godber left London by plane under the escort of ICAC officers and arrived in Hongkong the next day. Although Dingguo Peng didn't personally escort Peter Peter Godber back to Hong Kong, Dingguo Peng was on holiday in London before Peter Peter Godber left London, so he participated in arranging Peter Peter Godber's return to Hong Kong. As for Dingguo Peng, he took another flight back to Hong Kong one day earlier than Peter Godber to prepare for the trial of Peter Godber.

After Peter Godber returned to Hong Kong for trial, he was finally found guilty of one count of conspiracy to bribe and one count of accepting bribes, sentenced to four years' imprisonment and confiscated 25,000 Hong Kong dollars in bribes. Peter Godber subsequently appealed to the Full Court of the Supreme Court and the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, but their applications were rejected. Under the auspices of Dingguo Peng, the Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) successfully brought Peter Godber to justice, which won wide acclaim from public opinion and enhanced public confidence in ICAC's anti-corruption. Apart from the Gerber case, during Dingguo Peng's first 65,438+00 months in office, the ICAC received as many as 5,958 complaints involving corruption. In order to carry out the investigation effectively, he is also committed to recruiting more staff. Many young local college students, elites of the British police force and the Hong Kong police force have been recruited to work in ICAO, which not only injected new impetus into ICAO, but also further consolidated its initial development.

Dingguo Peng, who signed a three-year contract with the Hong Kong Government, officially stepped down as the Executive Director of the Independent Commission Against Corruption in June, 1977+65438, and began to retire again. The vacancy left by Dingguo Peng was taken over by Xia Lie, deputy director. 1On the Queen's birthday list in June, 977, Dingguo Peng was once again awarded KBE by the British court and became a knight in recognition of his important contribution to Hong Kong's anti-corruption and honesty. After retiring from the ICAC, Dingguo Peng began to retire again. In the early years of retirement, he settled in Wiltshire, England, but soon chose to move to Paddington, London. Dingguo Peng's retirement in his later years was much calmer than his previous intelligence career. Having lunch in East India, collecting antique first edition books and discussing book prices and stock trading with booksellers and stockbrokers by telephone have become an important part of his daily life. Dingguo Peng has a strong interest in collecting first edition books. He spends three days a week volunteering at Haywood Hill in Mayfair Coulson Street, London, and buys used books at preferential prices. During the years from 1983 to 199 1, he also became the parent company of the bookstore, G Heywood Hill Co., Ltd.

In fact, Dingguo Peng felt a little sorry for his overqualified leisure life in his later years. Therefore, in addition to volunteering to work in the old bookstore, he also volunteered to be a porter for the hospital in his community in his spare time and enthusiastically carried all kinds of luggage and materials for patients and hospitals. Even after retirement, his work never stopped. 1On September 7th, 993, Dingguo Peng died in London at the age of 8 1.