What are the characteristics of film art?

The characteristics of film art at the turn of the century

At the turn of the century, digital technology quickly intervened in the field of film and television, and the network constantly impacted the film and television media. How to sum up experience and grasp the law under the new situation can we achieve better development. It is one of the topics faced by filmmakers.

Keywords: film communication digital technology multimedia network

Enter 2 1 century. The involvement of digital technology in the field of film not only means the revolution of production mode and communication mode, but also brings the renewal of film theory and film aesthetics. The rapid development of Internet and other media has also brought challenges and new changes to movies.

First, the change of traditional film art.

As an art born with the development of technology, film is more easily influenced by scientific and technological innovation than literature, painting, drama, music and other arts, which makes the traditional film theory encounter unprecedented challenges and may even subvert the existing aesthetic foundation.

1 the disintegration of traditional film aesthetics

According to the classic film theory, film images have the nature of photography, capturing the movement of objects in the real world through cameras and films, and presenting them to the audience through artists' different styles of creation. For many years, Bazin's view of image ontology has been the starting point for people to understand and evaluate movies. However, the emergence of digital technology has changed everything, such as the young man from Alabama shaking hands with the late president in Forrest Gump, the magnificent ancient Roman city in Gladiator, and the ever-changing Superman in Grinch, not to mention Toy Story and Final Fantasy, which are all directly generated by computers without cameras, films and actors. The infinite power of science and technology makes digital technology become the creator of images, and the connection between images and matter, images and reality becomes more and more fragile. Images are no longer the reduction of material reality. Digital technology blurs the boundaries between time and space, reality and virtuality, makes the audience immersed in the virtual world, turns the "true myth" of the film into a "true lie", and Bazin's image ontology is also disintegrated. Besides images, digital technology has also changed the nature of film communication. Bazin once thought that film, as the only carrier of film, is an "eternal mirror of reality". The birth of digital movies such as Star Wars and Blair Witch Project, as well as the construction of digital cinemas and cinemas in Internet cafes, make this argument somewhat outdated.

2 Fission of film language system

Audio-visual language is a means of expression of film art, and the creation of images depends on the cooperation of Qi Xin, a screenwriter, an actor, a cameraman, an editor, an artist and a makeup artist, and "synthetic image technology" not only allows creators to freely handle spatial relations, use speed and light and shadow effects, but also controls the appearance and expression of characters, thus giving real freedom to film creation. Faced with this change, film aesthetics has to rethink its positioning and mission. " According to the survey, due to the application of computer technology, more than 90% stuntmen in the United States are in danger of losing their jobs, because in the past, an actor needed 1.5 to 20,000 pounds to jump into the water from a height of 1.50 feet, but now an actor only needs 2,000 pounds to jump from a height of 50 feet, and the computer will complete the follow-up work. Many scenes in which the protagonist shows his skill on the screen are only the result of digital processing. Pure digital movies without actors, lighting, artists and photographers still have good box office results.

3 the loss of artistic aesthetic value

Digital technology enriches the means of expression of film art, but excessive display of worship technology and pursuit of sensory stimulation will make the film look pale and powerless. Well-made movies are certainly more attractive to the audience, especially the audio-visual feast created by digital technology has brought great sensory stimulation to the audience, making movies more and more ornamental and consumptive, but high-tech and large-investment production is not the same as excellent film works. Today's screen is full of many patterned, flat and secular products to adapt to the audience's mass entertainment consumption psychology; On the other hand, the graphic language expression of movies dispels the imagination of the audience, especially Hollywood movies provide entertainment for the public with smooth and tortuous stories. When watching their films, they only need to invest in the images without worrying about them. "In this feast of images, the valve of rational repression is opened, and the irrational senses enjoy the left and the right", which makes them unable to calm down and think about the value and significance of society and humanity. We need to use the power of science and technology to present the picture that we hope but can't realize, so as to express certain true feelings and spiritual connotations. Once the film loses this most precious artistic quality, even if the picture is gorgeous and beautiful, it will only be a lifeless body.

Second, rich audio-visual expressive force.

The development of digital technology provides strong material support and guarantee for film art, and the pursuit of truth, goodness and beauty in film art in turn stimulates the continuous development of digital technology.

Digital technology has developed the infinite potential of human beings to create images and created a new film time and space. Today, artists can break through the restrictions, and incredible ideas that used to be impossible can be transformed into vivid images on the screen. No wonder James Cameron proudly said: The difficulty of a movie is no longer whether it can be made, but whether it can be imagined.

Digital technology has updated the film language and brought about changes in creative techniques and concepts. Computer-controlled cameras can shoot angles and dynamics that people can't reach; Digital lighting, scenery props, colors and sounds, costumes and makeup can create a more beautiful picture; Lens assembly and editing are more flexible; Digital high-definition cameras make movies leave the era of film production; Computer three-dimensional animation, computer-generated images and other technologies make the camera useless ... all this means a change in the traditional concept of film creation.

For the audience, digital technology can not only make people experience thrilling audio-visual stimulation, but also convey the beautiful feelings of human beings, so that the audience can feel the charm of movies from audio-visual and spiritual, and at the same time form new ways and habits of watching movies. For example, movies like Lola Run, shocking music, fast-paced editing, vivid three-stage narrative structure, the combination of Flash and animation, and so on. * * * Create a game simulation world with endless answers. The diversification of film communication channels has also changed the habit of watching movies in cinemas. Television, computer, internet, mobile phone and other carriers provide people with more choices.

Third, the dual characteristics of technology and art.

Science and technology are only the tools and methods of film expression, and artists' thoughts and creativity are the source of film art and technology development. B. Ridan, a film theorist in the former Soviet Union, once had an incisive exposition: "No matter how important the technical element plays in expanding and deepening our understanding of life, this element itself is not and cannot be a unique form and decisive factor in forming an artistic image. The relationship between art and technology, poetics and materials cannot be simplified. No matter how important the extrasensory film is to the screen, the artist's extrasensory eyes and thoughts are of greater significance. It is the artist's vision and thoughts that play a decisive role in art and open the way for the audience, regardless of the quality and specifications of the film. "

Modern science and technology is a double-edged sword, which can not only expand and enhance the expressive force of film and television art, but also stimulate the senses and reduce the depth of artistic expression. If you ignore artistic creation. You can only get lost in the vanity of digital technology. Film artists should combine technology and art organically, strengthen the narrative content of films, enhance ideological and artistic quality, give full play to their imagination and creativity, and paint excellent film art that touches people's souls with that high-tech omnipotent pen.

Fourth, the film communication in the multimedia era

The development of modern science and technology has triggered a series of changes in the nature, form and content of movies, which has enabled movies to be fully digitized from production technology and production methods to transmission, distribution and broadcasting forms, and also affected the way television collects, processes and transmits information through video tapes. The emergence of this new system, with computers as the interaction center and numbers as symbols, has accelerated the transformation of film and television technology and concepts, and promoted the continuous integration and infiltration of film and television and online media.

Digital stunts, three-dimensional animation and other production methods pioneered by movies are widely used in TV. High definition digital cameras have become the same choice for many film and television workers. This connection from pre-recording to post-production gives them more languages.

Network has long been a paradise for film and television workers, and it has unparalleled advantages in collecting materials, contacting people or transmitting information, post-processing, publicity and distribution. The 18 Statistical Report on Internet Development in China shows that 45 million users have watched and downloaded online movies, and the Internet has provided new development space for movies.

Established two years ago, China Internet Cafe Cinema has accumulated tens of thousands of movies and TV works with legal copyright. P2XP transmission technology and digital encryption technology combine cinema broadcasting with Internet cafe management, which can provide the latest movies to Internet cafes synchronously or in advance for consumers to watch. Abroad, the famous British Telecom has signed copyright licensing agreements with four independent American film production companies, and will sell their 1600 films on the British Telecom's network. Internet vendors participating in the distribution of genuine movies will inevitably greatly reduce the living space of pirated movies.

Netizens can not only enjoy their own films in personalized time and space, but also be both a projectionist and an audience. You can also participate in the production of movies. For example, Wings of Angels is the first interactive online movie in the Mainland. It was produced and broadcast with the participation of netizens. Netizens can recommend actors for the film, modify the content of the script published online, communicate with the film creator online, and the website will report the shooting plan and shooting process of the crew in time.

In recent years, the construction of digital movies and digital cinemas has become an important topic of concern.

Digital movies refer to all digital movies from pre-shooting to post-production to distribution and screening. Digital film reduces the cost in the process of film production and distribution, broadens the creative world of film art, has clear pictures and excellent sound quality, and can be played indefinitely. As of August 2007, there have been 140 films made by digital technology. Digital film has become a force to be reckoned with in domestic film production.

In March 2007, the latest data of ShoWest, the largest film technology exhibition in the global film industry, showed that the number of global digital cinemas increased by 350% in 2006. Take the United States as an example In 2006, more than 2,000 new cinemas installed digital film projection systems, totaling more than 3,000. In 2002, there were only 38 digital cinemas in the United States. John Fiching, president of the National Theater Owners Association, believes that "this will be the biggest technological change since the emergence of talking movies". The "rubber revolution" of digital film screening in China has been promoted from two levels: low-end and high-end. At the low-end level, portable and convenient small digital projectors are widely used in rural factories and mines for mobile projection. At the high-end level, the number of digital cinemas in urban mainstream cinemas is increasing rapidly, from 34 in 2002 to 2 1 1 in 2005. The speech of the leaders of the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television also clarified the development direction of digital films in China: "China films will complete the strategic goal of changing from film projection to digital projection in the next five years to 10."

In the multimedia era supported by high technology, the marketing channels and profit models of movies are increasingly diversified. In addition to traditional cinemas, radio and television, audio-visual terminals such as computer network, building TV, bus and train mobile TV, airplane TV, hotel VOD and mobile video are also increasing. The State Administration of Radio, Film and Television has officially named mobile video as "Mobile Digital Multimedia Broadcasting". China Film Group reached a cooperation agreement with R2G (Source) to develop original video, pictures, music, ringtones and other wireless value-added services for 500 films of China Film. Traditional studios have finally taken a big step in the field of new media business. Although there are still many problems in the development and utilization of these new media, and the profit model is still unclear, they will have broad prospects.