History and Culture of Liwan District

Guangzhou is the starting point of China's Maritime Silk Road, and it is a Millennium-famous business capital at home and abroad. Thirteen lines are the starting point and witness of the Maritime Silk Road. The approximate location of Thirteen Lines is the area between Renji Road in the east, Mulan Road in the west, Thirteen Lines Road in the north and Pearl River in the south.

From 1757 to 1852, thirteen banks monopolized China's foreign trade for 85 years. At that time, the Qing government wanted to open Guangzhou's foreign trade, but at the same time, it wanted to prevent foreign businessmen from doing business directly with Chinese businessmen, so it formulated and implemented the measure of "managing foreign affairs by officials", that is, appointing some businessmen as intermediaries to trade with foreign businessmen. The foreign trade institutions established by these intermediaries were called "foreign goods companies", commonly known as Thirteen Banks. In this way, China's huge foreign trade is concentrated in Guangzhou, with thirteen merchants as the intermediary.

2. Liwan Square

Liwan Square is located in Xiajiu Road, the most prosperous prime location in Guangzhou. Covering an area of more than 40,000 square meters, it has140,000 square meters of six-story shopping malls, more than 2,000 shops, and 1600 luxury houses with a building area of 3 1 10,000 square meters. It is a large modern commercial and residential complex integrating living, eating, shopping and entertainment.

Since 1995, there have been merchants dealing in semi-precious crystal products here. Since 200 1, a professional semi-precious stone crystal market has been formed, and now it has developed into the largest professional wholesale market for semi-precious stone products in Southeast Asia. Mainly crystal semi-precious stones, 70% of the merchants are from Tangke Haifeng, and the rest are from Donghai and other places in Jiangsu. Mainly to direct wholesale manufacturers, followed by self-employed, some businesses said that they are transforming into the wholesale market of finished products. Its product range is complete, with more than 10000 products on display here, and its annual sales amount reaches 4-5 billion yuan.

3. Shangxiajiu Pedestrian Street

Shangxiajiu Commercial Street, with a total length of 800 meters and 238 arcades, was built in the early 20th century and is the first commercial pedestrian street in Guangzhou approved by the Ministry of Commerce. Shangxiajiu Pedestrian Street is spread all over high-end department stores, and there are also traditional professional streets with a long history, such as Xilaichudi, Hualin Temple, Jade Market, Suanzhi Street and Antique Street. Qingping Road is the largest grocery street in China, which is famous at home and abroad.

Since the opening of Shangxiajiu Pedestrian Street on September 30, 1995, after the development of 10, the average daily passenger flow has reached 200,000, the daily passenger flow on Saturday can reach 300,000 to 400,000, and the annual peak of Golden Week can reach 600,000. It is understood that Shangxiajiu Pedestrian Street actually includes Shangjiu Road, Xiajiu Road and Shifu Road, with a total length of 1, 218m, more than 300 commercial shops and thousands of merchants.

4. xiguan big house

Bahe Pavilion, Fashion Parkour Group and antique xiguan big house set each other off.

To appreciate Lingnan culture, you must go to Xiguan and see "xiguan big house". Xiguan big house is a "mansion" built by wealthy businessmen in this area in the late Qing Dynasty. Now it can be seen in Bao Hua Road, Duobao Road, Baoyuan Road and Fengyuan Road.

From the outside to the inside, every place in xiguan big house is quite particular. Xiguan big house is mostly a brick-wood structure, with a green masonry foot. The most typical example of xiguan big house is the facade with blue brick feet. It is said that these blue bricks are produced in Dongguan and Qingyuan, and the color is like jasper. Exquisite xiguan big house blue bricks can last for hundreds of years without abrasion, and even blades can't be inserted into the cracks of the bricks. The stone foot is 70 cm high from the ground to 100 cm, and the higher it is, the richer it is.

There are three doors in the entrance of xiguan big house, namely, low hanging door (also called foot door), step-in door and hard wooden door. The railing is a movable fence, which is made of 13 or 15 hardwood (usually mahogany or hardwood), so it is called a railing. Foot doors and walkways have ventilation and safety functions, and are specially made building components to adapt to the hot and rainy climate in Lingnan. The gate of xiguan big house is made of high-grade wood such as mahogany or camphor wood, with a thickness of about 8 cm. The door is fastened with a copper ring, and the foot of the door is hidden in a stone mortar. The door is locked with a horizontal bolt behind the door to prevent thieves.

The structure of xiguan big house can be described as "three rooms and two corridors": behind the main hall is the head room (or the elders' room), where the elders live, with high windows and light. After the first room is the second hall (dining room) and the second room (for the son to live with his wife after marriage). The second room, also known as Weifang, is the last room on the central axis. There is a small courtyard between the hall and the hall. The courtyard is covered with a shed and the high side window is ventilated. There are mainly study rooms, slant halls, bedrooms and stairwells on both sides of the central axis, which are generally symmetrical. Generally, there is a small courtyard on the right side of the hall. Precious flowers and trees are planted in the courtyard, and rocks, landscapes, fish ponds or lotus ponds are arranged for the owner or tourists to enjoy. There is a Qingyun lane on each side of the big house, which means "to the top". Qingyun Lane, also known as cold lane, fire lane and water lane, etc. , has many functions, such as transportation (wife or servant coming in and out), ventilation, lighting, drainage, sunbathing, planting flowers, removing garbage and so on. Hua Yao Street is one of the best preserved areas in xiguan big house.

5, bamboo tube house: Guangdong flavor does not lose xiguan big house

The bamboo tube house was named for its narrow surface and large depth (the ratio of the two is 1:4 to 1:8), which was born in the first half of19th century. With the development of industry and commerce and the gradual increase of urban population, Guangzhou bamboo house came into being. According to reports, bamboo buildings are now concentrated in downtown areas, and Huiji West Road, Yanyun West Road, Tianshui Lane and Jiangjun East Street are relatively concentrated and typical. Due to the advantages of low-rise, high density, land saving and close neighborhood relationship, bamboo tube houses have become residential buildings with the characteristics of the times in Guangzhou. Bamboo houses are generally divided into three parts: front, middle and back. The front is the foyer or vestibule, and there is a single-story shrine dedicated to Buddhist and Taoist gods and ancestral tablets. Behind the hall is the bedroom, with the hall and bedroom in the middle. The stairs in the hall can lead to the second and third floors. Behind is the kitchen and bathroom. The front, middle and rear parts are separated by patios. There are three doors, with double thick wooden doors inside, walkways in the middle and foot doors outside, which play the roles of lighting, ventilation and theft prevention respectively. The indoor floor is paved with large bricks. /kloc-at the end of 0/9, the bamboo tube house still retains its traditional characteristics. The appearance is single-layer, and the interlayer is often placed inside, with stairs, stone-based brick walls and shingle roofs. After the Republic of China, due to the introduction of western architectural technology, concrete beams and local decoration of western-style buildings were adopted, and two or three-story flat-topped buildings with balconies appeared.