Fire knowledge: the development of fire alarm

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Fire knowledge: the development of fire alarm

When a fire breaks out, timely alarm can help people put out the initial fire as soon as possible, evacuate and escape, and let the fire brigade rush to the fire site for rescue, which is very important for reducing casualties and property losses.

Man's earliest fire alarm was his own voice.

Someone found that the fire had just started and shouted, "Fire!" So others came to put out the fire or escape in time.

Later, the ancients in China reported the fire with the sound of gongs and bells, which was louder and spread farther. Gong can also transmit alarms like beacon towers.

Other acoustic devices are also used abroad. For example, during the colonial period, the American night watchman held a wooden horn similar to a rattle. Once the fire is found, shake it hard and make a continuous sound to remind people to come and put out the fire.

Later, people developed a manual alarm based on this wooden buzzer, which made the sound louder and spread farther.

In the United States, with the development of economy and the establishment of cities, the task of reporting fire has fallen to the sexton. When a fire broke out in the city in the middle of the night, the sexton got up and rang the bell to give an alarm to the fire brigade and citizens.

Alarming in this way can let many people know about the fire, and the alarm sound travels far away, but it is inefficient, so it is difficult for firefighters to find the fire in time, and it is difficult for the fire brigade to locate the fire after hearing the alarm bell, which is easy to delay work.

1837, Morse obtained a patent for telegraph in the United States and invented Morse code, which made it possible to communicate quickly and remotely. William Qian Ning, a doctor in Boston, USA, is a fire fan. He developed a manual fire alarm system to report the fire to the fire brigade by using radio technology and Morse code.

The system set up a metal alarm box on the street. When there is a fire near the alarm box, passers-by only need to open the box and pull down the starting device, and the alarm information will be transmitted to the alarm center, which will determine the fire location according to the position of the alarm box, and then send the alarm signal to the nearest fire station by telegraph to inform the fire brigade to dispatch.

By 1852, fire alarm boxes were set up all over Boston, USA. On April 29th of that year, someone sent a fire alarm signal through the alarm box for the first time, and the fire brigade dispatched in time after receiving the alarm. Practice has proved that this kind of fire alarm is much faster than ringing the bell.

Therefore, other cities in the United States quickly followed the example of Boston and established fire alarm systems using telegraph technology. So that the sexton can sleep peacefully at night.

After Edison invented the telephone, people quickly replaced the wireless telegraph fire alarm with the telephone. Calling the fire alarm by telephone sends much more information than telegrams. When the telephone was just popularized, people called the police from the street phone booth, then to the home landline, and then to the mobile phone, which changed rapidly.

When there is a fire in a building, it is necessary to give an alarm not only to the fire brigade, but also to the residents, employees or customers in the building to remind people to put out the initial fire or evacuate in time. Therefore, people have developed an automatic fire alarm system.

At the beginning of the 20th century, people invented the constant temperature fire detector, and in the 1920s, people invented the temperature difference fire detector.

194 1 year, Switzerland invented the ion smoke detector, which realized the early warning of fire. Later, people invented the photoelectric smoke detector.

At the same time, the fire alarm system has developed from simple electromechanical to intelligent application of microprocessor. At present, most houses or public buildings in developed countries have installed automatic fire alarm systems or independent fire alarms, which are increasingly widely used in China.

In today's advanced fire alarm technology, is it no longer necessary to report the fire with sound?

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The Grenfell Building fire in London on June 4, 2065438 and the Bronx apartment fire in new york, USA on February 29, 2065438 17 tell us that the automatic fire alarm system may fail without giving an alarm and we can't rely on them completely.

13 city garden hotel fire in Xiangyang city, Hubei province and 20 17 steam room fire in Zuxintang foot bath center in tianhe county city, Taizhou city, Zhejiang province also tell us that if people who find the fire and escape in time shout "fire, run", many people may be spared.

Your eyes and nose are good fire detectors, your voice is a natural sound alarm, your brain makes them smart, and your legs make them move. These are irreplaceable by current technical means. No matter in the house or in the building announced, when you find that there is a fire and you can escape, shout to remind others that sometimes you can really save people. This is a matter of infinite value.