I want to go to Dunhuang and Crescent Spring. I'd appreciate it if you could introduce the local situation and the cost route in detail.

Also known as "Thousand Buddha Cave", it is located 25 kilometers southeast of Dunhuang City, on the west bank of Daquangou riverbed and on the cliff at the east foot of Mingsha Mountain. It is one of the three greatest grottoes in China. In the second year of Fujian Jianyuan before Qin Dynasty (AD 366), a shaman devotee came here and saw the golden light on Mingsha Mountain and thousands of Buddhas, so he sprouted the heart of digging, and then he continued to build it and became a Buddhist holy place.

China Grottoes originated from India. The traditional grottoes in India are mainly stone carvings, while the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang are mainly clay murals because rocks are not suitable for carving. Generally, the whole cave used to be round, and then it gradually faded into high plastic, shadow plastic and wall plastic. Finally, with the mural as the background, the two arts of plastic and painting were combined. There are more than 1,000 caves in the Tang Dynasty, and there are 492 existing caves, including 32 caves in Wei Dynasty, 247 caves in Tang Dynasty, 36 caves in the Five Dynasties, 45 caves in Song Dynasty, 8 caves in Yuan Dynasty, 45,000 square meters of murals and 241.

Mogao Grottoes is the largest existing "world art treasure house", and 19871February was listed as a world cultural heritage by UNESCO. The artistic features of the Mogao Grottoes are manifested in the organic combination of architecture, statues and murals. Cave-shaped organizational system is divided into Zen Cave, Palace Cave, Tower Temple Cave, Dome Cave and Shadow Cave. Colored plastics are divided into round plastics, floating plastics, shadow plastics and good plastics. Murals are divided into statue paintings, historical paintings, story paintings, Buddhist historical paintings, architectural paintings, landscape paintings, animal paintings, decorative paintings and other different contents, which systematically reflect all aspects of cultural exchanges between the East and the West in more than ten dynasties, such as Sixteen Kingdoms, Northern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Zhou, Sui, Tang, Five Dynasties, Song, Xixia and Yuan Dynasty, and have become rare cultural treasures for mankind.

Since 1900, more than 50,000 volumes of religious and secular documents in Buddhist scriptures were discovered in the Mogao grottoes, Dunhuang art has shocked the whole world, and "Dunhuang studies" has become a world-renowned school. Unfortunately, due to the ignorance of the Taoist king who presided over the Mogao Grottoes at that time, almost all these treasures were stolen abroad. Now, at the foot of Sanxian Mountain opposite the Mogao Grottoes, Dunhuang Research Institute has built the Dunhuang Art Exhibition Center with Japanese donations, and copied some original large grottoes, making the viewing contents of tourists in the Mogao Grottoes more colorful.

During the Northern Dynasties, the main statue in the cave was generally Sakyamuni or Maitreya Buddha, and there were mostly two dangerous bodhisattvas or one Buddha and two disciples on both sides of the main statue. The back of the statue is mostly connected with murals. The top and walls of the cave are covered with murals. The upper part and the upper part are mostly Tiangong geisha music. The lower part is a witch or decorative pattern. In addition to thousands of Buddhas, the murals in Central China mainly draw stories of Buddhism, origin and karma. Among them, Bunsen's stories include cutting meat for pigeons, giving his life to feed tigers, and giving his life to save people by nine-color deer. The Sui and Tang Dynasties were the heyday of the Mogao Grottoes, and the style of the hundred caves in the Sui Dynasty was changed from the central tower in the Northern Dynasty to the central Buddhist altar, with the same image as before. A combination of one Buddha, two disciples, two heavenly kings or two strong men appeared in the Tang Dynasty. The statue has also returned from the early "skinny and slim" shape to the "rich and strong" appearance. Murals in grottoes are mainly large-scale paintings and simple change paintings. The largest statues in the Mogao Grottoes were made in the Tang Dynasty, and the giant Buddha in Cave 96 is the largest statue in the Mogao Grottoes. The murals in the Tang Dynasty are varied and varied, and the scale is extremely grand, showing a magnificent picture of the kingdom of heaven. Grottoes lost their vitality in the Five Dynasties and began to decline in the Song Dynasty.

The art of Mogao Grottoes is a comprehensive art integrating architecture, painted sculptures and murals. It is the largest and most complete treasure house of Buddhist art in China and even in the world. 199 1 is listed as "World Cultural Heritage" by UNESCO.

Crescent spring

In a green basin surrounded by Mingsha Mountain peaks, there is a crescent-shaped clear water, which is the crescent spring.

Crescent Spring is located at the northern foot of Mingsha Mountain. It is more than 300 meters long from east to west, 50 meters wide from north to south and about 5 meters deep. The spring is shaped like a crescent moon, hence the name Crescent Moon Spring. The spring is surrounded by Mingsha Mountain, but it is not covered by quicksand. It is always rippling and crystal clear, and the scenery after a long rain and drought is very beautiful. Its magic lies in that quicksand can never fill the clear spring. In the past, people could not understand the mysteries of nature, but created beautiful myths and legends with rich imagination to explain natural phenomena.

Fire and water are always incompatible, and desert springs are hard to exist. But the crescent moon spring falls in the yellow sand like a crescent moon. The spring water is cool and clear, sweet and delicious. It has been lying quietly in the arms of the sand mountain for thousands of years. Although it is often attacked by strong winds and fierce sand, it is still rippling and flowing! It is like the eyes of a peerless beauty-clear, beautiful and affectionate; Just like my fair lady's lips-mysterious, gentle and charming; It is like a melon tooth-green, sweet and crystal clear.

By the crescent spring, poplars are slim, weeping willows dance and floating silk, Elaeagnus angustifolia flowers are attractive, reeds sway and the scenery is picturesque. On the platform on the south bank of the spring, there are a large number of ancient buildings, such as Niangniang Hall, Dragon Palace, Wangyaodong, Yuquanlou and Leiyin Temple, which are carved with beams and painted with buildings, and intrigued with each other. Fish swim in groups in the crescent spring. According to legend, fish is called "iron-backed fish", which can cure intractable diseases; Grass is called "seven-star grass" and has the function of promoting aphrodisiac. Eating fish and eating grass can make you live forever. Therefore, Crescent Moon Spring is also called "Medicine Spring".

The earliest record of "Crescent Moon Spring" can be found in Xin's "III" in the Eastern Han Dynasty: "There is Shajiao Mountain in the west of the river, and its peak is steep, surpassing the rocky mountain, and its sand grains are coarse yellow and dry." The sun in the mountain has springs, the clouds are manholes, and the quicksand in the ages is not filled. "The' manhole' mentioned here is the crescent spring today. Since then, records about Crescent Moon Spring have frequently appeared in history books and are closely linked with Mingsha Mountain. The Tang Dynasty's "Yuanhe County Records" contains: "Mingsha Mountain has a spring and is called a manhole. It is full of sand, and the water is especially sweet. "

According to historical records, Mingsha Mountain and Crescent Spring have become desert wonders for more than two thousand years. For thousands of years, people have been wondering why Mingsha Mountain, as a sand dune, has remained unchanged for thousands of years. And why is the crescent spring in Shahai "the spring reflects the moon and there is no dust" and "Yue Quan is clear, the ancient sand does not fill the spring, and the spring does not dry up"? This miracle created by nature puzzled the ancients, and finally they had to sigh as "the wonder of mountains and the mystery of springs".

According to textual research, the sand hills around Crescent Spring are towering, and the ravine is crescent-shaped with the shape of the spring. The wind blowing into the depression around the mountain will rotate upward due to the aerodynamic principle, so the sand flowing down from the mountain around the Crescent Spring will be sent back to the other side of the ridge of Mingsha Mountain in all directions. This is why spring is not covered with yellow sand. For more than two thousand years, it is precisely because of this unique topographic movement that the sand mountain and the spring water have maintained a contradictory and harmonious state of natural existence. Despite the sandstorm, the crescent spring is still crystal clear.

There is a group of quaint and elegant buildings on the south bank of Crescent Spring. From east to west, there are Niangniang Hall, Dragon Palace, Bodhisattva Hall, Wangyaodong and Raytheon Platform in turn. There are more than 100 colored sculptures and hundreds of murals in the main hall. There are plaques and inscriptions in important halls, such as "First Spring", "Absolute Heaven and Earth", "Semi-Regular Spring", "Connecting Kunlun Mountain with the Potential" and "Mastering Gankun". Calligraphy is elegant and handsome, and it can be called top grade. At that time, there were pavilions, magnificent temples, palaces and colonnades, all of which were set by the water. The trees are lush, the spring scenery and the mountains set each other off, and the ancient temple is filled with incense all the year round. Many poets in past dynasties played the piano, recited poems, recited poems and spent money. According to historical records, in the fourth year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (1 13), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty got a horse in the Wowa Pool. Later generations suspected that the Crescent Moon Spring was the Wowa Pool of the Han Dynasty, so they set up a stone tablet and wrote "Wowa Pool of the Han Dynasty". "Wild horses flying in all directions, a pool of shadows illusory in Youlong". Therefore, the strange crescent moon spring adds more legends.

Crescent Moon Spring, a dreamlike mystery, has not been submerged by quicksand or dried up by drought for thousands of years. There is this spring in the vast desert, this water in the black wind and yellow sand, this scene in the desolation, which won the rhythm of heaven and earth, and the magic of nature is fascinating. "Wan Li clear sky, absolutely breathtaking beauty. Yinshan is surrounded by sand, and a pool of water is green. " "Crescent Moon" is one of the eight scenic spots in Dunhuang. Crescent Spring is a national key scenic spot and one of the 40 major tourist attractions in China, and is known as the first spring in the desert.

Mingsha

Mingsha Mountain, also known as Shensha Mountain and Shajiao Mountain, starts from the cliff top of Mogao Grottoes in the east and connects Danghe Reservoir in the west. It is 40 kilometers long from east to west and 20 kilometers long from north to south, reaching tens of meters. The whole mountain consists of red, yellow, green, black and white rice grains. The five-color lines are soft and smooth, and fall with the feet. They are still the same after being blown away by the wind. The mountain shape is beautiful, the peak is like a blade, and it looks like a dragon winding from a distance. It is as yellow as gold, as soft as satin and as demure as a girl. In the sun, the sand ridges are undulating, the Tao Huang is rolling, and the light and shade are clear; Tourists climb down the mountain, and the sofa buzzes like drums and thunder, hence the name Mingsha Mountain. No wonder Su, a poet in the Qing Dynasty, said, "Thunder sends echoes, and wind whispers." According to historical records, on sunny days, even if the wind stops and the sand is quiet, it will make the sound of bamboo strings, which has become one of the ten scenic spots in Dunhuang: "the sand ridge is clear."

Although Mingsha Mountain is not high, it is not easy to climb to the top of Mingsha Mountain. Continuous fine sand, further, half a step back, so we have to climb up with our hands and feet. Climbing to the top of the mountain, Sha Feng is like a golden wave in the sea, magnificent. Looking closely at the sand waves on the hillside, it is like a light wave rippling, sometimes rushing, sometimes slow, and sometimes whirling. It's really interesting, very interesting. There is still a clear spring under the sand mountain, like a girl, snuggling in her lover's arms. Looking around, the heavens and the earth are suddenly enlightened, the mind is suddenly open, and the childlike innocence can't help but sprout!

Going down the mountain is the most interesting. Down the slope, I only feel that the wind is blowing in my ribs, jumping ten steps, expelling air and controlling air, and I feel like a feather turning into a fairy. When many people went down together and pushed the quicksand down rapidly, I saw the sand waves rolling like mountain torrents. At this time, you will hear the sound of drumming, like beating gongs and drums, and like playing a flute, which is shocking and interesting.

There are clear records of Mingsha in the literature of past dynasties. It was first seen in Xin's Three in the Eastern Han Dynasty more than two thousand years ago. "There is Shajiao Mountain in Hexi, and the peaks are steep, surpassing Loki Mountain. The grain is thick and yellow, like dry food ..." The "Records of Counties and Counties in the Later Han Dynasty" says: "Water has the god of hanging springs, and mountains have the difference of singing sand." In Yuanhe County Records of the Tang Dynasty, it was recorded that "there is a god sand mountain in Mingsha Mountain, which is located in Qili, south of the mountain ..." The related records in Dunhuang suicide note are more detailed.

It is difficult for the ancients to understand the mystery of the ringing of Mingsha Mountain, so they have to explain it with legends and stories. Nowadays, with the development of science, people have made scientific exploration and speculation on this mystery. There are three main explanations for the mystery of the ringing of Mingsha Mountain:

One is static sound. The sand grains in Mingsha Mountain flow downward under the push of manpower or wind, and the sand grains containing timely crystals rub against each other to generate static electricity. Electrostatic discharge makes a sound, and the sound is collected and loud as thunder.

The second is the rubbing sound. When the weather is hot, the sand is particularly dry and the temperature rises. A little friction will make a crackling sound, and all the sounds will rumble when they touch together.

The third is * * * amplification. Gully valleys are formed between the peaks of the sand mountain, which is a natural sound box. The friction sound or discharge sound when quicksand falls causes * * * vibration, and the volume is amplified after the * * * sound of the natural * * sound box, forming a huge echo sound.

Mingsha Mountain is now a national key scenic spot. Here, tourists can climb mountains barefoot, ski, ride camels to climb sand dunes, skateboard sand skiing, jump traction umbrellas and paragliders, as well as sand bath and sand therapy, which is endless fun.

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Tickets for Mogao Grottoes: 100 yuan

Tickets for Mingsha Mountain: domestic guests 10 yuan, foreign guests 20 yuan; Ticket price of Crescent Moon Spring: 10 yuan