Flower fish in Chenzhou, Hunan Province

Chenzhou is located in Nanling, 2000 meters above sea level. Although it is located in southern Hunan, the climate in mountainous areas is colder than that in northern Hunan, and the spring water in the mountains is still extremely cold even in summer. Lotus fish grew up eating lotus flowers in cold water. Handmade smooth and tender, can be fried and cooked, sweet and delicious, with endless aftertaste. Entertaining relatives, friends and distinguished guests is the specialty of Yongchun people. Every time rice turns into Yellowstone, it is the time when flowers and fish come into the market. In the past, due to the difficulties of life, many farmers dried the flower fish and raised them themselves, and rarely took them to the market for sale. Through the active guidance of township party committees and governments, farmers' ideas have gradually changed and their brand awareness has been greatly enhanced. Flower fish quickly became popular in the market, with the lowest fresh fish sold to 40 yuan/kg and dried fish sold to 260 yuan/kg. Flower fish can only be listed in July and August before rice matures. Many flower fish on the market are fake. For example, common carp are put in rice fields for a month, and then taken out as flower fish. The most famous and authentic flower and fish producing areas in Chenzhou are Nanxi Township, Yongchun Township, Datang Township, Furong Township and jiang kou xiang.

Because grass flower fish grew up eating grass flowers, it is particularly seasonal, so the way of eating this fish is also very particular. There are two common kinds: fresh and dry. As the name implies, fresh eating means grabbing it from the ground and cooking it directly. Condiments are mostly white pepper or green pepper unique to hometown and rice wine vinegar, cooked with soup, which is characterized by delicious taste. The process of dry eating is very complicated. The most basic process is: cutting belly (eviscerating)-pickling (more than 8 hours)-frying (divided into two flavors: pork frying and tea frying)-baking (divided into charcoal roasting and wood roasting)-storing (put in a jar filled with quicklime). Among the above processes, the most exquisite one is "frying", and small fish will be regarded as first-class handicrafts if they are not separated.

3. Feeding methods

Cultivation techniques of flower fish

I. Paddy field conditions and facilities

Paddy fields with sufficient water sources, fresh water quality, good irrigation and drainage conditions and strong ridges should be selected as breeding carriers. Generally speaking, the paddy soil layer should be deep, and the larger the area, the better, at least 1-5 mu, preferably more than 50 mu for continuous cultivation. It is best to use neutral or slightly alkaline loam or clay for paddy soil. It needs strong water and fertility protection from drought and flood. The water level in the field can be maintained for a long time, especially the water in the fish ditch and fish pit can always be stable at the required water layer.

Paddy fields that have been selected for breeding flower fish must be widened, heightened and tamped to about 0.5 meters, so as to improve the water storage capacity of paddy fields after fish farming and prevent water leakage, bank collapse, water overflow and fish escape. Fish ditches and fish pits should be dug in advance before transplantation. Fish ditch should be excavated 80 ~ 100 cm away from the ridge. Smaller paddy fields should be dug into a cross shape, and large and long paddy fields should be dug into a field shape, a well shape or an eye shape. The ditch is 30 cm deep and 40 cm wide. Cement bricks were piled on both sides of the fish ditch to prevent the mud from collapsing. Fish pits should be located at the edge of fields or corners near the water inlet, or in Tian Xin, with a depth of 100 ~ 120 cm per mu and an area of more than 5m2 (depending on the requirements of farmers for fish production). The fish ditch should be connected with the fish pit. Irrigation and drainage ports in paddy fields should be opened on diagonal ridges, and fish barriers should be placed during irrigation and drainage to prevent fish from escaping when releasing water.

Second, site cleaning and disinfection and fish stocking

1. In the first half month of stocking fry in rice fields, 200-250g of quicklime is used for cleaning and disinfection and killing enemies in every cubic meter of water. After 5-6 days, after the alkalinity of lime disappears, irrigate for about 30 cm, and then gradually inject new water. Filter with a 40-mesh net bag during irrigation to prevent wild fish from entering the rice field.

2. Apply sufficient base fertilizer about 7 days after disinfection. In a month or so, the plankton in the water will multiply in large numbers, and then the flower fry can be put in. Stocking seedlings should be healthy, tidy, injury-free and disease-free.

3. Fish socks. In order to prolong the growth period of the rice field fish as much as possible, fry can be put in about 15 days after transplanting. In this way, a large number of biological bait for rice field reproduction and growth can be used in time. (1) free-range varieties. Carp, silver carp and carp are polyculture species. ② stocking quantity. The stocking amount of fish should be determined according to the size of fish pits, the ecological conditions of rice fields, whether to use natural bait in rice fields for extensive culture or fine culture, and the specifications and yield requirements of fish species. Put about 800 ~ 1200 fish per mu as the main cultured fish. 8- 15cm large fish can be stocked with 200-800 fish per mu of paddy field. The stocking density of extensive farming can be smaller.

4. Matters needing attention when stocking fish. First of all, we should pay attention to adapt the fish species to the water temperature of rice field water. When the temperature difference is too large, the fish water bag and fish water (sealed) should be put into paddy water for transition, and when the water temperature is close to the same, the fish species should be put into paddy water; Second, when the fish are uncomfortable, inject new water in time; Third, do a good job of disinfection of fish, put the fish into 3% ~ 5% salt water for disinfection for 5 ~ 10 minutes before putting them into fish ditch or fish pit; Fourth, it is necessary to check the fish retaining facilities at the water inlet and outlet to prevent fish species from escaping or wild fish from entering.

Three. Paddy field irrigation and drying

1, drainage and irrigation of fish-farming paddy fields. Paddy fields can be drained and irrigated as usual, but it must be noted that: firstly, fish should not be dried in the field at the end of tillering, and the drying time should be short; The second is the filling and fruiting period, which requires that the ditches in the waterless layer in the field should be filled with water; Third, water can't be cut off prematurely at maturity.

2. Dry fields and clear ditches. Before drying the field, the silt in the fish ditch and fish pit should be cleaned once, and the cleaned silt should be piled up at the edge of the field or outside the field to increase the water storage capacity of the fish ditch and fish pit, and then the lotus carp should be driven into the fish ditch and fish pit. When drying fields, you should master the depth of fish ditch and fish pit. Keep the water level in the ditch 30 cm and the water level in the pit 60-80 cm. This can not only achieve the purpose of drying rice fields, but also do not affect the normal growth of flower fish.

Four. Fertilization in paddy field and its application

1, fertilization Rational fertilization in rice field can not only meet the demand of fertilizer for rice growth, but also increase the bait biomass in rice field water, providing bait guarantee for the growth of flower fish. Fertilizer is mainly base fertilizer, supplemented by topdressing; Mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer. The base fertilizer accounts for 70% ~ 80%. It is necessary to control the amount of topdressing every time. Topdressing generally uses chemical fertilizers, mainly urea, ammonium nitrate, calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride. Popularize the application of biological fertilizer and compound fertilizer, and spray fertilizer outside the roots. When applying fertilizer, avoid high temperature weather, concentrate fish in fish ditch and fish pit as far as possible, and do not apply chemical fertilizer directly into fish ditch and fish pit. Organic fertilizer must be fully decomposed before use, which is very important for the growth of rice and fish. Do not use ammonia and ammonium bicarbonate. When applying chemical fertilizer, the dosage per mu should be controlled at 7.5- 10 kg, and the accumulated water in the field should be appropriately deepened while applying fertilizer.

2, medication. After fish farming in rice fields, rice diseases and insect pests are obviously reduced. After using the trap lamp, there is generally no need to use drugs for prevention and control. If you really need medication, you must use low-toxic drugs that do little harm to fish, and you can't increase the dosage at will. Before spraying, the water in the field should be deepened (the whole field should be irrigated by 6- 10cm) or the fish should be concentrated in fish ditches and fish nests. Attention should be paid to the spraying method of pesticides: water-based drugs should be sprayed on rice leaves in sunny days without dew; Powder medicine should be sprayed in the morning when the dew of rice leaves is not dry. This can make the medicine adhere to the leaf surface as much as possible without falling into the rice field water. Never spray drugs directly into fish ditches and fish pits. After pesticide application, if fish are found to have toxic reaction, fresh water must be replenished immediately, and toxic field water should be discharged at the same time to dilute the pesticide concentration in the water to avoid fish poisoning and death.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) daily management

1, rice seed selection. Rice varieties must be excellent varieties with disease resistance and lodging resistance.

2. Water storage in paddy fields. In addition to shallow irrigation or drying, the field can not be cut off from water, and the water depth should be kept at about 8 cm.

3. On-site management. Check the ridge frequently to prevent leakage and collapse. Check the fish retaining facilities at the water inlet and outlet, repair them in time if found damaged, and do a good job of preventing diseases and preventing theft to ensure the safe production of fish farming in rice fields.

4, fish ditch fish pit cleaning. Generally, fish ditches and fish pits are cleaned once every 10 day, so that the water in the fish ditches can be kept unobstructed and the fish pits can maintain an appropriate water storage height. Ensure the normal growth environment of flower fish.

5. hello. Rice fields are rich in natural bait such as insects, plankton and benthos. Generally, in fertile paddy fields, about 20 kilograms of natural bait can be formed per mu every day for fish to eat. However, in order to achieve a yield of more than 50 kilograms per mu, fish farming in rice fields must be fed with bait. When feeding, it should be fixed-point, fixed-time, quantitative, and pay attention to observing the feeding and activities of fish, and adjust the feeding amount according to the feeding situation. Common baits include tender grass, aquatic plants, duckweed, vegetable leaves, bran and compound pellet feed. Feed once in the morning and once in the afternoon to ensure the balanced nutrition of cereal and fish food. The daily dosage should be eaten within 2 hours.

Six, fish disease prevention and control

Fish farming in rice fields has small water body, high density and fast spread of diseases, so it is necessary to ensure that the stocked fish are healthy. Strictly disinfect rice fields and fish species before stocking.

1, fry disinfection. The fry of the flower fish should be soaked in 3-5% salt water for disinfection before entering the market. The soaking time depends on the water temperature and the fish body, and can generally be soaked for 10- 15 minutes. Sprinkle 20 g/m3 quicklime, 0.3 g/m3 chlorine dioxide or 0.2 g/m3 Pampers in the whole pond every half month to prevent fish diseases. Non-toxic and efficient drugs, such as quicklime, strong chlorine essence and chlorine dioxide, should be selected when using drugs.

2. Water disinfection. Disinfect fish water regularly in the popular season,

Seven, correctly handle the relationship between rice culture and fish culture.

Fish farming, field drying, summer harvest and summer sowing have always been the most prominent contradictions in fish farming in rice fields. In the breeding process, in addition to heightening the ridge to deepen the fish ditch, the following measures should be taken: First, dry the field in shallow water for 7- 10 days at the tillering stage of rice, and keep the water depth of rice field above 30cm at other times; Second, water the early rice to conserve moisture and harvest it when it is ripe, so as to avoid the stress caused by the shrinking water body in the rice field after releasing water in high temperature season and affect the normal growth of fish.