The mountain next to the horse

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period of the Zhou Dynasty, two tribes established two slave countries, Shu and Ba, in today's Sichuan. Their territory is: "east is adjacent to Pakistan, south to Yue, north to Hubei and west to Hubei". Du Zi, King of Shu, said, "South China (now northern Yunnan) is a garden". ("Huayang National Records? Shu Zhi ") Pakistan is" east to Yufu, west to Burning Road, north to Hanzhong, west to Qianfu "("Huayang Guozhi? Ba Zhi ") Today, Mabian is in the west of Burning Road, and the more it is in the north of South China, it belongs to Shu and is located in the south. In the year of Qin Jiu (the first 3 16), Bashu was destroyed by Qin. Later, the county system was adopted, and Shu and Ba were renamed Shu and Ba counties. Shu County was built in Nan 'an County, Leshan, and now Burning Road County, Yibin. Mabian belongs to these two counties.

Han inherited the Qin system. In the sixth year of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (BC 135), the Tang Dynasty was in the southwest, and Qianwei County was set in the south of Bashu County, and Yuexi County was set in the southwest of Shu County. Qianwei County governs 12 counties, including Nan 'an and Burning Road counties in the former Shu County, and Yuexi County governs 14 counties, of which Beishui County was built in meigu county today. Mabian area is located at the junction of Qianwei and Yuexi counties, Nan 'an, Shaolu and Beishui counties. Located in the middle and lower reaches of Mabian River system, in the north-central part of Mabian County, Muchuan County is under the jurisdiction of Nan 'an County. The southwest of Mabian lies in the upper reaches of mabian river, which is under the jurisdiction of Beishui County. Mabian, located in Jinsha River system, is under the jurisdiction of Shaolu County. Shu Han, there are three new counties in Xiaoliangshan area east of Huangmaogang Mountains, namely Jian 'anshang County in pingshan county New Town today, Mahu County in Huanglang County in Leibo County, and Jiandao County in Mabian County today. Han system "there are barbarians in the city" ("Han? Guan Bai Gong Qing Biao). Xindao County is a mixed area of aborigines and Han immigrants. These three counties all belong to Yuexi County. The new road is an important passage for Qianwei to cross the western counties. In the third year of Jianxing (225), Zhuge Liang went south. After burning the road and dividing the army, he personally led the main force back to the Jinsha River and landed on the shore. He arrived in Yuexi (now Xichang) via a new road.

In the first year of Yong 'an, Hui Emperor of the Western Jin Dynasty (304), the whole Sichuan was occupied by Liao, Nan 'an was also occupied, and Xiyue became Liao County. Mabian is also "not a foreigner." People today are based on different tribal regimes.

Sui, Tang and Song dynasties ruled the ethnic minorities in Jimmy. "Is their tribes are listed by county, the biggest is the praetorium. Its leaders are the Governor and the Secretariat, both of whom are hereditary. Although the tribute edition is not registered by the household department, it is still taught by sound, and it is led by the governor and Wei of the border state. " (Geography of the New Tang Dynasty) Mahu Department is established in Xiaoliangshan District, which governs four states of Jimi: Yin, Daming, Cheng and Lang. The edge of the horse belongs to one of two States. At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, Dong Jiaqing, the leader of the Yi people in Mahu Department, was made king of Guiyi County by the Tang court. In the Song Dynasty, Sizhou evolved into thirty-seven departments, still collectively referred to as Mahu Department, and Dong, the leader of the Yi people, called himself thirty-seven princes. In the Tang Dynasty, Mahu Department was placed under Rongzhou Prefecture of Jiannan Road in Jianchuan and Xuzhou Prefecture of Zizhou Road in the Song Dynasty, becoming one of the three Yi (Mahu, Hengjiang and Nanguang) in Xuzhou. The west of Mabian is under the jurisdiction of another Yi people's virtual hate department. The virtual hate department mainly lives in Meigu and Ebian, which belongs to Nanzhao in Tang Dynasty and Dali in Song Dynasty. At the same time, the central dynasty built Qianwei County here, which belongs to history. With the further development of Han immigrants along the coast of mabian river, Qianwei County has always regarded the Han residential area in Mabian as its own jurisdiction. In the second year of Emperor Yingzong in the Northern Song Dynasty (1065), officials of Qianwei County successively built Liancun (now the county seat) and Rongding Village on the Mabian River. These two Han villages, together with Muchuan Village, Lidian Village and Longpeng Village, are called five villages and belong to Qianwei County, Jiading District, Chengdu. The ownership of Mabian in Song Dynasty is complicated: Qianwei County in Jiazhou only manages a few Han villages; However, the Yi tribes scattered in Shan Ye are led by the Syrian government. The southwest mountainous area is occupied by the virtual hate tribe in Dali. The Yuan Dynasty unified the whole country, created a provincial system, and established Sichuan as a provincial book province. Provinces are divided into three levels: Dao (state), Zhou and County. In ethnic minority areas, the detention system was changed to the toast system, and Xuanwei Department or Fu Xuan Department was set up between provincial roads. With. . In charge of military and civilian affairs, the road is divided into the general county. "On this basis, the propaganda department of Naaman in Sichuan was established. In this case, the Mahu tribe was changed to Mahu Road, which led to six long lawsuits: Nishi (now Pingshan), Iman (now Pingshan New City), Pingyi (now Suijiang County, Yunnan Province), Yidu (now Pingdu in Pingshan), Leibo and Muchuan. In the 25th year of Yuan Dynasty (1298), the Yuan Dynasty assigned Lotus, Rongding, Li Dian, Muchuan and Longpeng to Mahu Road. At this point, Mabian belongs to the lawsuit of Muchuan and Simahu Road declared by Xu Nan and other places. And with the local officials, and Lu Hechang's lawsuits are all held by the Yi leaders as local officials, hereditary.

The Ming Dynasty inherited the chieftain system of the Yuan Dynasty, and Zhongshu Province of Sichuan Province was renamed Sichuan Chengxuan Bureau, or Chief Secretary for short. Withdraw from South China and other places to announce the first-level administrative region of the company. Mahu Road was renamed Mahu House; The long lawsuit of Yidu under the government was merged into the long lawsuit of Muchuan, and the long lawsuit of Pingyi was merged into the long lawsuit of Iman. The clues of Ma Bian's leadership in the Ming Dynasty are: Sichuan's political affairs-Mahu House-Muchuan County Chief Lawsuit-Rhine Township and Rongding Township.

In the eighth year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (1495), the "returning farmland to streams" was implemented, and the indigenous hereditary magistrate of Mahu Prefecture was abolished, and Han officials were appointed as the magistrate who could rotate. However, the lengthy litigation is still inherited by the indigenous people. In the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the political system of the coexistence of land and streams and the combination of Yi and Han adapted to the situation of the mixed residence of Yi and Han in Mahu area: "The frontier fortress Han and Yi are juxtaposed, but they are quite complicated, and they cannot be subordinate unless they are concurrently Tusi" (Jian Changbing Deng Changgui).

Second, after the establishment and evolution.

In the 17th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1589), three Nuo families, Leiboyang Jiuzha, Huanglang Anxing and Nai Nai (now Meigu area), set out to plunder and harass Lotus, Rongding and Yanfeng, and were put down. Ming court so "add Ma Su Anbiantang, build Rhine township, renamed Xinxiang Town" ("Ma Su Biantang" Volume 5? Inscription on xinnong village and town), and sent four officials to act as a colleague of Yi 'an border inspector in Anbian Hall. Since then, Mabian County belongs to Anbian Hall, separated from Muchuan lawsuit, but still under the jurisdiction of Mahu Prefecture. With the construction of Xinxiang Town and Yanfeng, the military organization "Mabian Camp" was established, with 2,000 soldiers and troops. The name of the horse comes from this.

In the early Qing Dynasty, Tongzhi stayed in Mabian camp to cut Anbian Hall. In the fifth year of Yongzheng (1727), the Qing Dynasty merged Mahu County into Xuzhou County. Pingshan County (still built in the 17th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty) lives in and manages Mahu Lake, and Mabian belongs to Pingshan County, the capital of Syria. Pingshan county established Boba, Chuanyang, Shangxi and Xiaxi townships in Mabian. In the twenty-ninth year of Qianlong (1764), the number of Han immigrants from other places increased day by day, and the cause of reclamation developed. Altay, the governor of Sichuan, asked the court to set up Mabian Hall from Pingshan, which directly belonged to the state capital of Syria, and transferred "I sentenced the people to arrest and manage the people" from Fushun to Mabian to issue customs defense. In the 13th year of Jiaqing (1808), Tongzhi was reassigned as the supervisor. The whole hall and nine townships were presided over by Han officials. There are 9 Tujia families in the Yi inhabited area, all of which are hereditary, with the number paper (power of attorney) issued by the yamen of Sichuan Prefecture, and the head of the Yi people is Tujia.

In the first year of the Republic of China (19 12), the government abandoned the government to build roads, and Sichuan was divided into seven roads: West Sichuan, 22 Jlli South, Xiachuan South, JIIZ, East Sichuan, Biandong and Bian Xi. Unify provinces and counties by highway. Mabiantang belongs to Xia Chuan South Road (now Luzhou City). In the third year of the Republic of China (19 14), Xia Chuan South Road was renamed Yongning Road, introducing 25 counties; Mabiantang was also renamed Mabian County. After that, warlords from all walks of life in Sichuan fought for years, preparing to defend the area, and Tao existed in name only. The road was officially cut off in l7 (1928). From the first year of the Republic of China to the 23rd year (19 12 to l934), warlords of all stripes were in charge of civil affairs, finance, education,

Meritorious service, conscription, grain requisition and taxation. A province with a name cannot fully exercise its power. In the 5th year of the Republic of China (19 16), after the anti-yuan uprising in Cai E, Yunnan. Exgil and Mabian are part of the defense area of Yunnan Army. In the ninth year of the Republic of China (1920), Yunnan Army and Lunan Han Army competed alternately, and Mabian changed hands many times a year. In the Republic of China 10 (192 1), Chen Hongfan, commander and head of the 8th Division of Sichuan Army stationed in Leshan, led Wu to Mabian, and was appointed as the county magistrate of Chen Ren. Since then, Mabian County Administration has moved from Xuzhou to Leshan. In 14 (1925), Chen Hongfan's troops were changed from Liu Ren, commander of the 24th Army, and Mabian County was placed under Liu Fang District. In 23 years of the Republic of China, Liu Xiang's troops of 2 1 Army drove away the 24th Army, and Mabian belonged to the 2 1 Army Defence Zone.

In the 24th year of the Republic of China (1935), the protected area system ended, and Sichuan implemented the administrative supervision system, which divided the whole province into 18 administrative supervision areas, which were sent by the province and headed by the Commissioner. Influenced by Yu Hanjun in Lu Nan and Chen Hongfan's Eighth Division in Leshan, Mabian, Leibo, Pingshan, T JIl South Z and Yongning Road, which were originally under the jurisdiction of Xuzhou Prefecture, were all placed under the fifth administrative supervision area of Leshan. This is another turning point in the affiliation of Mabian County. From then on, the subordinate level is: Mabian County, the fifth administrative supervision area of Sichuan Province.

From1February 1949 to1August 1950, Mabian County People's Government was established after repeated struggles. Mabian county belongs to Leshan area of southern Sichuan administrative office.

. Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, which originally belonged to Xikang Province, was placed under the leadership of Sichuan Province. 1956 1 month, Mabian county was placed under the jurisdiction of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture and managed by Leshan area.

Shu1April 9, 984, the State Council decided to cancel Mabian County and establish Mabian Yi Autonomous County, which was set aside from Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture and formally placed under the jurisdiction of Leshan. 1 984 65438+1October1,Mabian Yi Autonomous County was established. 1June, 985, the State Council decided to cancel Leshan area, set up Leshan City, and implement the system of city governing county, and Mabian Yi Autonomous County was placed under the jurisdiction of Leshan City.

After the establishment of the people's political power, the administrative divisions of Mabian County have been adjusted many times: in l955, according to the requirements and procedures of the "Outline for the Implementation of Regional Ethnic Autonomy" promulgated by 1952 in August, 8 districts and 52 townships were established in the Yi inhabited areas in the county. At the end of 1995, Rongding (there were three townships and one town at that time, namely Sanhe, Glory, Masses and Rongding Town), Liang Shi Township and Equality Township were transferred from Muchuan County to Mabian County. 1958, the westernmost black digging area and its five subordinate towns were placed in Baihongxi County, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture. 1962, Heiwa area and Hongxi County merged to form the state's meigu county. 1April, 1970, Equality Township at the northwest end of Mabian was included in Ebian County.

3. The establishment and evolution of county names.

During the Republic of China, there were two versions of the name of Mabian in newspapers. One is the Mabian survey published in Chuanbian Quarterly by the investigation team of China Bank in Chongqing in 24 years of the Republic of China, saying: "This county is next to Mahu Lake in Leibo County, so it was named Mabian. Another way of saying this is that the Outline of Mabian published by Liyan Newspaper in Leshan in 35 years of the Republic of China said: "Mabian is probably because this area used to belong to Mahu Road. Mabian is because of the border of Mahu hinterland! "Folklore, later generations writings reference, is the former. The latter statement is almost lost.

After detailed textual research, colleagues of Mabian County Records Office thought that "Mabian was named after being near Mahu Lake" and could not stand scrutiny. The counties near Mahu are Leibo, Muchuan, Pingshan, Yongshan, Suijiang and Mabian. Near the lake are Leibo and Yongshan, and far from the lake is Mabian. The nearest person has no name, and the distant person has a name, which is unreasonable. Named after "Mabian is the hinterland boundary of Mahu Road", it is more realistic. According to the literature, the name of Mabian first appeared in the 20th year of Wanli (1592). Mabian, this is a general term for officials who live in Mingma Lake (now pingshan county) and its remote areas. At that time, Mabian, a remote area of Mahufu, including Mabian county now, was not only Mabian county, but also Leibo, western Muchuan and even Meigu area. Yin Tingjun, the former magistrate of Mahu Prefecture, said in his inscription on the construction of the new village town in the twentieth year of Wanli: "When Wanli was the fifth son, Mabian was tired of rebelling against (now beautiful aunt) and Huanglang (now Leibo Huanglang) ..." In other words, today's Leibo Meigu is also in "Mabian"-a large area in the remote area of Mahu County.

Yin Wen also said, "If you are ugly in spring, you will be razed to the ground. If you want to discuss the aftermath and report it, you can add a side hall in Mahu and build a city in Rhine Township to make Xinxiang Town famous in the world. " With the establishment of hall, city and name, Mabian County has become the center of the remote areas of Mahu Prefecture. The original connotation of "Mabian", that is, "the remote area of Mahufu", gradually narrowed and concentrated to this center. Gradually, Xinxiang Town and its surrounding areas gradually monopolized the original name of "Mabian". In fact, the abbreviation of "Mahu Anbian Hall" also happens to be "Mabian".

In the fifth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty (1632), Zhang Yinan wrote "A Narrative of the New Defending Border Areas" in the name of "Mabianying High Command", saying: "Please ask the military department to command the headquarters to defend the border areas. Pressing the edge of the horse is the end of the border. " The "Mabian" mentioned by the author three times in Official Position, Proposition and Narration has two meanings: first, Mabian is the last frontier, which means the remote area of Mahu House, and the frontier he defended and the land he recovered are exactly this large area; The second is "Mabianying" and "Mabian", which have this large area. There is also the point of Mahu Anbian Hall City. The combination of the two reflects that the concept of "Mabian" has a process of gradually narrowing and concentrating from peripheral points.

In the Qing Dynasty, Mabian Hall disappeared with the demise of the Ming Dynasty, but the name of Mabian was always fixed around Mabian Hall. In the twenty-ninth year of Qianlong (1764), Mabian was directly named as the building hall in the name of custom.

However, Mabian's name is indirectly related to Mahu Lake (an inland lake in Leibo County today). Because Mabian's mother, Mahuwu, is really related to Mahu. Mahu Building was born out of Mahu Road. "Yuan history? Geography said: "Mahu Road ... was Mahu Department in Han and Tang Dynasties, and Tunhu was the main road in Song Dynasty. In 13th year of Yuan Dynasty (1276), it was subordinate to it, set up in general manager office, and moved to Xikou, Yidu. It can be seen that Mahu Road is indeed named after Mahu. In the 11th year of Yuan Dade (1307), Lu Zhi of Mahu was moved from the vicinity of Mahu to Pingshan County, and the name of Rufu remained unchanged. The road is named after the lake, the house is the road change, and the hall is the house life. As a part (remote part) of Mahu Road (House), Mabian's name is indirectly related to Mahu House.

Mabian Yi people are a small family with one room. Several households or dozens of households are mixed and adjacent to form a natural village.

The houses that Yi people live in are very short, mostly wooden beams, earth walls, double-slope roofs, wooden tiles and floor-standing structures with stones on them, which are called "tile houses". Yi people call it "Narrow Easy" or "Loquat Easy". There are also wooden columns, shingles and bamboo baskets. In winter, it is windproof and cold-proof, and the bamboo basket is surrounded by ferns or corn stalks. Yi is called "Zuyi"; Some thatched roofs or bamboo basketry are called "daily changes" or "batch changes". The existing tile houses with wood arrangement are gradually increasing, and the "daily change" and "batch change" basically disappear. Farmers and self-employed people in major towns such as Gaozhuoying, Tiejue, Yonghong, Baijiawan, Sanhekou and Xianjiapu have also built mixed mud brick houses with two or three floors.

Every Yi family has three rooms, with a kitchen and a living room in the middle and a bedroom and a place to store valuables on the right. The left side is used as a place to store grain mills and chicken houses. There is a fire pond in the upper left corner of the kitchen. Three stones stand around the pond to support the iron pot, which is called "Guo Zhuang", and the Yi people call it "Gannu". Make a fire in the pond for cooking, lighting and heating. Seats near the pond, the host is on the right (near the dormitory), the guests are on the left, and the upper right seat is expensive, not counting guests. The door is single.

When building a house, the Yi people should first look at the astrologers' choice of auspicious days. After the auspicious day is chosen, if the wall is built with mud, the construction will begin on the auspicious day. If it can't be finished in one day, they can continue to build. As for the bamboo tile board house, it must be completed on an auspicious day. When you move into a house, you must choose an auspicious day. If the house is not repaired, the auspicious day has come, and you still have to move in for one night, and then move out to repair it.

On the day when the house is built, that is, the day when the last tile (grass or tile board) is built, all the neighbors come to help, and the owner will kill a pig or a sheep to reward those who come to help. When you live in a new house, you should choose a lucky person. If Bimo calculates that there are evil spirits in the house, you should take a bull or a ram into the house and walk around the house before entering the house, which means that something with horns pushes the evil spirits out to ensure the safety of the owner.

Anyone who lives in a house for a long time and two or three people die must move again, and the original house will no longer live. If the old man dies, he may not move.

The buildings of wealthy families pay attention to decoration, and the two sides of the door are decorated with small wooden squares with flowers. The eaves are horizontally inclined, and the horizontal support columns are carved with zigzag or horseshoe patterns. The cross beam workshop and cross frame are engraved with bull's head patterns. The heap of stones in the pot is in the shape of an eagle's mouth, engraved with continuous square patterns. The siding was repaired with small pieces of wood. Houses generally use bamboo floors to place furniture and kang food.

After liberation, wooden beams were built in Han area, and the arrangement was mostly "five columns two", "five columns three" and "five columns four". Most of the walls are earth walls. With the improvement of living standards, well-off families build walls with bricks. Houses near towns and along highways include brick-wood houses with one floor and one floor, and concrete houses with several floors.

(2) Clothing

Mabian Yi costumes are beautiful and exquisite, with bright colors, unique patterns and exquisite embroidery. Clothing is completely different for men and women, and old people and children also have their own styles. Mainly: Shi Lu, A, Oh Yi, Oh Er, Zi, La, Yo, Pa, Hu, Hu, Yi Gang and Xia.

(3) Diet

The food of the Mabian Yi people is mainly corn, buckwheat and potatoes, supplemented by beans, oil wheat vegetables, root radishes and green vegetables. In recent years, with the support, help and technical guidance of agriculture-related departments, wheat, rice, sweet potato and other crops have been planted in mountainous areas, and a variety of foods have been added, and the grain output has been greatly improved. Meat includes pigs, sheep, cows and chickens, which are cooked or barbecued. Its unique flavor, its own national style food should be buckwheat cake, corn cake, soaked wine, meat, sauerkraut soup and so on.

(4) Instruments

stoneware

1, stone mill. Made of bluestone, it is pushed by the handle in operation and polished into a whole wood.

2. hey. The tamping column is mainly used for tamping grain, and it is made of a thick hard wood.

3. stone mortar. Used for seasoning, such as sea pepper, pepper and garlic.

4. Water tank. Chisel it with a whole stone.

wood furniture

1, the board on the tall. The diameter is about 30cm, and the mouth is sunflower-shaped. Painted with raw paint inside and outside, painted with red and yellow paint on the edge and outer surface of the pot, mostly used for holding rice and meat.

2. wooden bowl. Painted with raw paint inside and outside, decorated with red and yellow paint outside, used to hold soup and vegetables.

3. wooden bowl. Draw cat's eye, sun, moon and other patterns with colored pigments; Used to adjust food, stir-fry, noodles or use with wine.

4, hip flask. The pot body is oval, the two halves of the hip flask are buckled together, the top of the pot is in the shape of a pearl tower, and the pot body is decorated with colorful paint patterns. A bamboo tube is inserted obliquely from the upper end of the pot belly to the bottom of the pot. A bamboo tube is installed from the center of the sole to the center of the pot, and wine is injected from the bamboo tube of the sole. Drink from the bamboo tube at the top of the pot. No matter whether the hip flask is upside down or tilted, the wine will not overflow.

5. Wine glasses. Tall, small and exquisite wooden wine glasses made of eagle claws and wild goose claws are called "eagle claw wine glasses" and "wild goose claw wine glasses"; There are also bronze wine glasses, silver wine glasses and so on.

6, wooden spoon. The spoon part is oblate, and the handle is arranged on the side of the spoon and used as a spoon when eating; There is also a big wooden spoon with a long handle, which is used to scoop the soup in the pot.

bamboo articles

Bamboo bucket. The mouth is big and the bottom is small and trumpet-shaped. It has about 30 Jin of grain.

Zhu Sheng. Round, measuring device, can hold 3 kilograms of corn.

Bamboo baskets are cylindrical and small in size. Seeds can be hung around the waist when sowing, and can also be used for tea picking and harvesting. The other is rectangular or triangular, with large and thin holes for holding wooden spoons.

The dustpan is finely woven and has a large round flat bottom, which is used for kneading dough and drying grain.

Sweep the basket. Small size, angular edges and thin strips, used to hold rice or noodles; A special sieve with fine eyes at the bottom; Made of hard bamboo strips, it is a plane garden that uses corn exclusively.

Bamboo box. According to a certain pattern, it is rectangular with prismatic edges and a cover, which is used to hold clothes or valuables.

A dustpan for garbage collection, soil collection, fertilization and hard cooking.

Basket. Big mouth and small bottom, sparse eyes. It is used to fertilize the back and harvest corn.

Leather appliance

Armor, helmet made of cowhide hat shape, coated with several layers of raw paint inside and outside to protect the head; A is made of cowhide, perforated with small squares, painted with pigments, connected with ready-made clothes, and worn on the body to protect the body in wartime.

Hand protector. Cowhide is made into a tube and worn on your wrist to protect your hands.

Leather bowl. Made of cowhide, it is used to make fried noodles or as a wine set.

ironware

Silver bowl. The shape and use are the same as those of wooden bowls.

Copper pot. Light purple copper casting, shaped like a teapot with a lid, is generally used for outdoor cooking.

The mouth of the copper spoon is round and flat, with a handle for scooping water.

The household appliances of Miao people are basically the same as those of Yi and Han people in their neighbors.

(v) Traditional festivals

1, Kush

Kushi, that is, Yi people celebrate the New Year. The specific time is around the lunar calendar 10+05. About a month before the Chinese New Year, take the natural village as a unit. Please see that astrologers choose auspicious days as festivals. In order to better implement the policy of the party and the state to respect the customs and habits of ethnic minorities, it is conducive to the unified arrangement of holiday time of organs and schools and the production and living arrangements of people of all ethnic groups, and to improving the efficiency of administrative management. In June, 5438+10/October, 65438+in April, 2002, Guangdong government letter [2002] No.99 stipulated: "The fifth day of October in the lunar calendar is the Yi people's annual festival, and the fifth, sixth and seventh days of October in agriculture are the Yi people's annual festivals." In this way, the Yi New Year Festival in Leshan City is uniformly fixed on the fifth, sixth and seventh day of the tenth lunar month every year.

Prepare enough new year's goods before Kush. There are many taboos during the festival, such as no grinding, no chopping, no digging, etc. Therefore, in the first half of the year, the average family should cook soaked wine, grind corn chaff, buckwheat chaff, oil wheat flour and other staple foods in the New Year, and reserve firewood and fern. Push tofu and order konjac two or three days before the Chinese New Year; Sharpen the knife, tie up the pig rack, dig the ground stove and prepare seasonings (garlic paste, sea pepper, litsea cubeba, etc.) on New Year's Day. ), and have a family dinner in the evening. The Yi people call it the "Joyful Machine" and fry tofu with lard, meat, konjac and bamboo shoots every year. A well-off family has raised two pigs for two years, so it is necessary to kill one first, or kill a sheep and a chicken to worship their ancestors in their hometown for the New Year.

China's New Year is usually three days, so enjoy it.

On the first day, it was easy to call it "Wu Yu", that is, killing pigs. The rooster crows to get up, clean the house, clean the house, and dump the garbage at the crossroads; After the guests near the fire pit are seated and replenished with fern grass for the New Year, they put the red-hot stones in the fire pit in a wooden basin filled with clear water to generate steam and make a sizzling sound. After bypassing the cooking pot, bedroom, household items and the rope tied to the pig for the New Year, pour the water outside the house to decontaminate. Yi people call it "Ersu". At dawn, women boil water on the stove outside the house, ready to scald pig hair, while boys press pigs from door to door. Let the pig howl when it is pushed down. The louder the sound, the longer the better. When killing a pig, a special person holds a basin (salt, garlic, litsea cubeba and other condiments and water are put in the basin first) to collect pig blood, to see if it is pure. Red is called "check" (meaning hot), pay attention to fire prevention and prevent drunkenness. Violet black indicates evil in the house. Deep red and light red are auspicious. Pig blood indicates a bumper harvest of grain and prosperous livestock in the coming year; The pig blood of Yi people has many uses, so we should cherish it very much. Such as sausage and bean dregs. Raw materials should be mixed with pig blood. After the pig is killed, it is ground and scalded with boiling water (or burned). After the hair is shaved, it is carried to "Yangan" or "Bess" (a special basket made of bamboo strips) or the ground covered with fern grass for laparotomy. Take pig spleen and pig gall to see the fortune, and hang the gallbladder on the post in front of the spirit tablet. For example, if the pig's spleen is flat, purple in color, and there is no gap or gap at the edge, it is auspicious. If there is injustice, someone will get drunk or have evil spirits at home. Bitter gall is better, which indicates a bumper harvest of grain in the coming year and a fat pig in the new year. Immediately take liver, kidney, spleen and breast, cut them into lumps and cook them. The Yi people call them "color tigers". First, put some kidneys, spleen, several pieces of liver, several pieces of meat and two pieces of pork into a "bitter cup" (wooden bowl) or a "tile" (bamboo dustpan), make a circle around the pot, and then pour the first bowl of soaked wine as a tribute to the ancestors. A soulless home is placed in the bedroom to worship the ancestors, and parents are alive to send them to enjoy. Sacrifice is arranged, and then invite others to dinner. After eating, you can send some "color tigers" to taste with your neighbors, indicating that people inside and outside the home will enjoy it.

"Color Tiger" is a symbolic meal. After eating the "color tiger", you have to cook a formal meal.

Before eating "color tiger", six kinds of domestic animals, such as chickens, dogs and cats, should be locked and tied, and pig blood and pork should not be stained before ancestor worship. Only after eating the "color tiger" can six domestic animals be released.

On the first day of the Yi people's New Year, family members are very busy. After dinner, family members cook their own things, such as bacon, sausage and bean dregs. They won't finish their work until six or seven in the afternoon, or even 90 in the evening. After the bacon sausage was hung up, a fire rose in the fire pit and raw meat was smoked on the kang, day and night.

The next day, the Yi people called it "Duobo", which was a day to pay New Year greetings to each other. The cock crows to get up, chop the pig heart and lung into pieces, mix bamboo shoots and tofu to make heart-lung soup, and eat it before dawn, which means that the pig heart and lung should be finished early, and the farm work in the coming year should be finished early.

After breakfast, Yi Shanzhai became active everywhere, and people in the same village went door to door to pay New Year greetings. Every time you go to a house, you should shout "Hey ... Oh ... Happy New Year!" " (Happy New Year to Luo), the host shouted "Oh, Bo, Happy New Year" (Welcome to Happy New Year) and then entered the room. The host served the guests with a bowl of sparkling wine. The guest politely accepted the wine, praised the taste of the wine and asked the host "Wuji Houlle War" (whether the pig's spleen and stomach are auspicious). After the host gave a satisfactory answer, he also asked the guests questions about the spleen and stomach. Some guests also use their fingers to measure the fat of the meat hung by the host family.

Yi people are very hospitable. Treat each other with courtesy, wine and meat, regardless of strangers and acquaintances. New Year greetings from afar, whether relatives or strangers, should take the initiative to ask the guest's name, family support, place of residence, family status, food harvest and so on. , make people feel strange, their entertainment activities mainly focus on this day, such as wrestling, oral contest, Niu Niu gang (singing), playing cards until dawn.

On this day, there is also a gathering of "Ayi Shejie". In the morning, children in the natural village bring cooked pig's trotters and soaked wine to the designated place to share, which means unity and friendship.

On the third day, it is easy to call it "Wu", which means eating pig intestines. Pick fresh vegetables at five or six in the afternoon and cook them with sausage soup. It is said that eating fat sausage soup in the future means that food can only be eaten in the coming year, so as not to cause summer famine. On this day, all family members who go out to pay New Year's greetings will go home for the night. It is said that ancestors who come back from the Spring Festival will weigh all their families before going back to ensure their health. You should also pat the swollen pig bladder on the wall and leave a mark. Those people with big and deep marks will become big and fat in You Zhu in the new year.

On the fourth day, it is easy to call it "Apuji". The rooster wakes up and bakes a few thin buckwheat cakes in the pot, which means to take them to his ancestors on the way; Bake the meat, cakes and other sacrifices offered to our ancestors three days ago and put them in front of our ancestors' graves. Then scoop a little pig feed, put it in the pig trough, wrap the rope around the pig and put it in a bad place for the pig to eat. The ancestors are leaving, please take the New Year pig away. At this time, if a family with pigs and dogs is raised, the male owner will go out and stand on the hill and sing with the rooster, exhaling "Oh-wow! Oh-wow, "the dogs are barking, and some are still shooting. It means sending away ancestors, pigs and dogs will hunt more wild animals or summon treasures in the coming year. After the ancestor worship, take out the wine and meat for ancestor worship during the Chinese New Year holiday, first give the liver slices, kidneys and spleen to the elders, and then share them with their families.

In the future, every family should carry food such as wine, meat, buckwheat and eggs, and take their children to visit their parents-in-law and uncles.