What are the characteristics of hotel engineering management?

1. The technical and economic indicators of the comprehensive building refer to buildings such as commerce, bars, entertainment and parking garages. The main project is an office building or apartment, and the ground floor or podium and ancillary parts serve the office building or apartment. All these buildings are called buildings.

2. This index consists of the general plan of the complex building, the first floor plan, the standard floor plan, the elevation plan, the section plan and the main technical and economic indicators. The contents and calculation methods of each index are introduced as follows:

(1) Project Overview

1. Construction site: refers to the province, city and county where the project is built.

2. Covered area: refers to the sum of the ground area within the building red line.

3. Total construction area: including the sum of underground construction area, above-ground main project construction area, podium and ancillary building construction area.

4. Number of natural suites (rooms) in office buildings or apartment buildings: calculated according to the design number of natural suites (regardless of room type).

5. Commercial and service building area: including the sum of commercial buildings, warehouses, entertainment, restaurants, bars, businesses, documents, monitoring, computer rooms, garages and other building areas below 0.00 and above 0.00.

6. Total construction area of office building or apartment building: the total construction area of office building multiplied by the natural number of office building. The total construction area of the apartment building is multiplied by the number of apartment units and the construction area of each apartment.

7. Construction area of each room (suite): the total construction area divided by the number of natural rooms (suites).

8. Nature of investment: State investment, Sino-foreign joint ventures, self-raised funds, etc.

9. Total investment: refers to the total construction and installation cost of the comprehensive building project and the adjustment cost of three materials (steel, cement and wood). The total investment does not include outdoor projects (roads, greening, fences, underground pipe networks) and other expenses (land purchase fees, survey and design fees, management fees of infrastructure units, project supervision fees, project insurance fees, municipal supporting fees, bidding management fees ... investment direction adjustment taxes, pre-adjustment fees for materials and equipment during construction, interest on capital loans during construction and unforeseen expenses).

10. Investment per square meter of construction area, with total investment divided by total construction area.

1 1. Total investment of each apartment: the total investment divided by the natural number of the apartment.

12. Construction start and end date: refers to the project start date to the project completion time.

13. Compilation basis of estimation (pre-calculation).

13-L quota: refers to the quota issued by provinces and cities in a certain year.

13-2 comprehensive charging standard: refers to the charging rate of civil engineering and installation works.

13-3 material price difference: refers to the price difference of main materials such as steel, cement and wood.

14. Others: Problems to be explained when compiling this indicator.

(2) Main architectural features

L cornice height: refers to the height from the outdoor design terrace to the cornice epithelium of the building; For buildings without overhangs, the elevation of the outdoor design floor is calculated to the height of the top surface of the roof slab; The height of stepped building is calculated according to the highest floor building.

2. Layer: refers to the natural layer above ground and underground. Equipment layer or pipeline layer with a height less than 2.2m shall not be counted.

3. Floor height: refers to the dimension from the floor surface of the first floor and the standard floor to the floor surface.

4. Width and depth: refers to the vertical and horizontal axis dimensions of the room plane.

5. Building standard: refers to the main material practices of internal and external walls, floors, doors and decorative surfaces.

6. Structural structure and main design parameters: all listed according to design data. The durability of foundation listed in this index is filled in according to the bearing capacity of natural foundation. (3) Technical and economic indicators of main buildings

1. Total cost: including the total project cost after charging.

2. Unit cost: refers to the total project cost divided by the total construction area.

3. Percentage of total cost (%): refers to the total cost of 1 ~ 7 items (civil engineering, water supply and drainage engineering, heating and air conditioning engineering, high-voltage engineering, weak-current engineering, elevator and escalator engineering and other projects divided by the total cost of the main project.

4. Technical and economic indicators.

4- 1 unit: refers to the calculation unit of technical and economic indicators of each major.

4-2 Quantity: refers to the total number of professional computing units in the main building. For example, the total amount of reinforced concrete in structural engineering includes the sum of cubic meters of cast-in-place and precast reinforced concrete columns, beams, plates and other components. Components measured in square meters (such as stairs) are converted into cubic meters and incorporated into the total. The ground cushion and foundation cushion shall not be measured.

4-3 unit index: total cost divided by quantity.

(four) the main building construction area per square meter of civil engineering classification index

1. Physical quantity:

1-1unit: the building is measured in square meters. Structure is measured in cubic meters.

1-2 quantity: according to the physical quantities and expense items of civil engineering, the sum of quantities is divided by the total construction area.

2. Unit cost: According to the physical engineering quantity and cost of civil engineering, the direct cost is divided by the engineering quantity.

3. Direct cost percentage (%): the unit cost divided by the total direct cost of civil engineering.

4. The physical quantity and cost are summarized as follows:

Comprehensive list of physical soil properties and cost items of civil engineering

Category Project Name Physical Bill of Quantities Valuation

build

build

and

fix

fixed

Various thickness and types of external walls, different types of external walls and rings and lintel structural columns.

Interior wall: interior walls and partitions with different thicknesses and types (including different materials).

Different types of interior walls, partitions and rings, lintels and constructional columns

Doors are made of different materials, such as inner and outer doors, inner and outer doors, stickers, cover strips, spool plates, hardware, paint, etc.

Windows: various internal and external windows made of different materials, as well as supporting works related to wood, such as iron bars, curtain boxes, window rails, windowsills, hardware, paints, etc.

The floors and floors made of different materials include site leveling, backfilling in the center of the building, base course, adhesive layer, surface course, skirting line, apron, steps and ramps, etc.

The ceiling consists of various internal and external ceilings, including the decorative coating on the ceiling and the ceiling surface.

Roof and roof drainage works include waterproof layer, insulation layer, gas barrier layer, roof platform, sketch greening and drainage with different materials.

The exterior wall is decorated with different materials of paint or wood veneer and glass curtain wall.

Interior wall decoration: interior wall decoration and dado decoration with different materials: interior wall decoration and dado decoration with different materials.

Others include scaffolding, ultra-high fees, other direct fees and other project fees that cannot be incorporated into the above projects.

Subtotal sum of the above items

knot

build

All kinds of piles (steel piles are counted by tons) include different types of piles, caps, entry and exit fees of pile drivers, drilling and earth borrowing, etc.

Different types of foundations, such as brick foundation, strip foundation, independent foundation, cup foundation, whole house foundation, box foundation and foundation beam, should include slope protection piles, well point drainage, earthwork and mechanical access.

All kinds of columns, all kinds of columns.

Frame beam, slab bottom beam, single beam and other different forms of beams.

Different forms of floor slab, such as beamless floor slab, laminated slab, beam slab, hollow slab, etc., are the same as the left picture. Precast slab includes transportation, hoisting, joint filling and maintenance.

Reinforced concrete walls with different thicknesses

Stairs: Different forms of reinforced concrete stairs.

Other reinforced concrete includes balcony, rain cover, overhangs, railings, formwork superelevation, reinforcement adjustment and other items that cannot be merged.

All kinds of steel roof trusses, beams, columns, grids, platforms and iron ladders of steel structures include transportation and installation; Paint, fire retardant coating, etc.

Subtotal sum of the above items

Note: The consolidation of items in this table is based on the division of budget quota items and units of measurement. If the budgetary estimate quota is adopted, the merger method can be combined according to the project division of budgetary estimate quota.

(five) the main building construction area per square meter of main materials and concrete thickness index

1. Main material indicators:

1-1cement: including cement for all concrete members and mortar.

1-2 steel bar: all steel bars including concrete members, embedded parts and reinforced bars for masonry.

1-3 section steel: structural steel.

1-4 wood: refers to wood structure and decorative wood. All the boards were converted into logs.

1-5 pipeline steel: refers to the steel used for installation of electrical, plumbing and air-conditioning equipment.

2. Reinforced concrete folding thickness index:

2- 1 All components are calculated in cubic meters. If the components are measured in square meters, they are converted into cubic meters.

2-2 The folded thickness of underground reinforced concrete refers to the total construction area of underground reinforced concrete divided by the total construction area.

2-3 The ground reinforced concrete folding thickness refers to the total ground reinforced concrete divided by the total construction area.

2-4 Total: refers to the converted thickness of all reinforced concrete divided by the total construction area.

Iii. Matters needing attention in using this indicator:

1. The index is compiled according to the current budget quota, material budget price, salary and charging standard in each region, and has not been converted into unified regions and current price levels.

2. When using the comprehensive index or unit engineering index of this project to calculate the investment, it should be adjusted according to the current labor wage unit price, material price and charging standard where the project is located.

3. The physical engineering quantity index per square meter is estimated by the unit project breakdown price in this area. When using this index, the scale, characteristics, decoration level, height and natural bearing capacity of the foundation of the building should be adjusted reasonably before use.

References:

/CostInfo/Target/zbtextzhl.asp

A, the project cost out of control factors

1. Unfair bidding

Bidding is an important reform measure in project construction, which is conducive to controlling project investment, breaking the division and monopoly of industries and regions, protecting competition, eliminating inertia and invigorating highway construction industry, thus effectively controlling project cost. Bidding is to attract some excellent teams with practical experience, good reputation, remarkable performance and qualifications that meet the requirements of the project through competition, and to have practical plans, good management level and construction organization for the project cost. However, at present, there is unreasonable competition in the bidding process, and some authoritative people trade construction projects by improper means, and the project is designated as a related household and human project, so the project cost is difficult to control. For the benefit of their own enterprises, the construction unit blindly asks for additional project cost, so this kind of bidding does not conform to the project, and the designated contractor brings great losses to the country, which is also a hidden danger of high project cost.

2. There are many problems in the unit.

The project cost is uncontrollable and difficult to manage, and there are powerful people behind it. Some people with good relationships have less work and more accounts, which makes the project management very difficult, which invisibly increases the project cost. Increase the unit price of engineering materials, because Cui is an economic market and more competitive. For some people with poor quality and real engineering strength, this is a good opportunity to shine and make a fortune. They have mastered the golden key to this project. It is up to them whether they can give you the project and let you bid, so they make a big fuss about engineering materials, monopolize the material market and make highway gravel indispensable. It is the basic material for highway and stone processing. All the materials for the project are supplied by them, and the unit price of materials is higher than that in other markets, but others can't say the quality. It brings great disadvantages to the project quality, and the project cost keeps rising, which is out of control.

3. The engineering survey is inconsistent with the actual situation

Engineering measurement means that after the project quantity is completed, the quality has been recognized by the supervisor, and the project quantity conforms to the construction practice, and it is measured by the supervisor visa and submitted to the project department for approval. Often in engineering, the project department of the project carries out project management on behalf of the construction unit. However, a few people in the project department violated the management principles of the department and forgot that they were the representatives of the owners. Instead, he put himself among unprincipled supervisors and lost his responsibility. They play an uncoordinated role in the measurement work. If the construction unit can't measure, as the owner's representative, they will pay for the supervision work as the construction unit. What is even more difficult to understand is that a few people in the project department have calculated the freight for the construction unit without the consent of the supervision department. In a construction project in expressway, the transportation cost to the construction unit was more than 6,543,800 yuan, which infringed on the national interests, caused losses to the national economy and seriously exceeded the project cost. The project cost is out of control, which makes a project construction activity lose its true reflection and record.

4. Chief Executive's will: A few construction units try their best to ask the state for more money for the benefit of the region and change the documents of design units at will. Increase the amount of compensation and land acquisition, and this project alone will double. Increase the unit price of materials and change the construction method, for example, "one kilogram of ordinary paint is close to 50 yuan. Because there are two design units in a section of road, the entrusting unit is required to budget according to the information provided by them, regardless of how to control the project cost, and blindly seek the interests of their small area, which improves the project cost. During the construction, the original design is modified at will, the expansion project is added, and the design standard is improved, which makes the project cost higher and higher.

5. There are many management organizations: the determination of the project cost has a direct interest relationship with the design, construction unit, construction unit and bank, so each unit has different reactions to the level of the project cost, and it is difficult to control the project cost.

Second, how to effectively control the project cost

1. Fair competition and reasonable bidding

The purpose of fair and reasonable bidding is to make the project cost more reasonable after competition, arrange the project plan reasonably and control the project cost effectively. The project cost of the construction project through bidding is more reasonable, and it can also be said that bidding is also a new economic contract system within the scope of capital construction. Therefore, in the process of bidding, it is necessary to have clear transparency, so that the tendering units can know about the bidding work, limit some unfavorable bidding factors, truly embody fair competition in the economic market, and invite construction units with real technical strength, strong technical strength and quality awareness, good quality and considerable engineering construction experience to bid. There is a good foundation for highway construction bidding, and the tendering unit is convinced. After the project bidding, the winning bidder signs the construction contract before the construction, so the project cost is determined.

2. Determination of current labor price.

A. China's general experience and method of dividing wage zones: according to the economic development of provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, the price index of daily necessities and general price index, and the demand of labor force, the "labor price" guiding index is issued regularly according to the contents of document No.894 issued by the Ministry of Construction and the People's Bank of China (1993).

B, the national "labor price" index maximum.

C, according to the adjustment of provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions

To sum up, the cost management of construction projects at this stage is in the transitional stage of reform, and various restructuring and management systems have not yet been synchronized. For the establishment of "artificial price", it is not enough to unify it, nor is it enough to push it to the market. Therefore, it is normal to adopt an "active and steady" transition mode. Labor price is an important basis for calculating labor cost, which is an important part of the price of building products, so the method of "scientific and reasonable" should be adopted in the formulation of labor price. At the same time, the labor price is closely related to the economic base of each province and city. The artificial price can't be too far from the economic base. For example, Shaanxi's economy ranks more than a dozen in the country, while labor prices rank in the top few. How to deal with this problem was discussed at the cost meeting of the Provincial Communications Department, and the Communications Department is further properly solving and improving it.

D. Effectively restrict officials from participating in the project.

Highway construction projects are the basic construction of the country, and engineering materials will be the foundation of highway construction. No one can monopolize and dominate the material market, and officials cannot participate. People's government departments in the process of project implementation is macro management, not dedication and money. If the government wants to take corresponding measures against the officials and the people, it must expressly stipulate that the officials and the people are not allowed to do business, which has long been stipulated by the central government. Whenever officials or children participate in the project, first, the project cost is high; Secondly, the quality of the project is poor; Thirdly, the public response is great, which makes the government departments lose the essence of macro management of the project. Although this is a small number of people, the consequences are great, and it is also the focus problem that the project cost is difficult to control effectively, which brings unfavorable factors to highway construction and seriously affects the normal development of highway construction.

E, improve the cost management measures, and strive to accurately carry out cost management and project cost management, which is also a new thing and urgent task in economic construction. In the implementation of project cost management, new methods and policies are still being further explored. It is necessary to repair and improve the defects existing in the current cost management. It is also in the implementation that a set of scientific cost management methods and corresponding policies are summarized to push the highway engineering cost to an advanced level suitable for the national conditions. In highway construction, government departments should have their own series of documents and regulations, and formulate some documents and instructions that are beneficial to highway construction, actively promote the normal development of highway undertakings, continuously improve the technical level and construction technology of the project, save state funds, spend money on the cutting edge, and make the project cost reasonably controlled.

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