Which cities do Chaoshan people refer to?

The definition of Chaoshan people is not immutable, but a historical, regional and cultural name. In a narrow sense, Chaoshan people refer to Chaozhou, Shantou and Jieyang (including Puning, the escrow city) and Huang Liu, Tangkeng, Tangnan Town and Liu Dong Town in Fengshun County of Meizhou City. They are Heluo people with similar Chaoshan cultural background. They call themselves chaozhou people, because most of these areas were originally under the jurisdiction of Chaozhou Fucheng. This also includes a large number of Hakkas in China, some of whom have been Heluo people due to various factors of intermarriage, such as Fengshun huangliu town, Raoping san rao, Gurao Town of Chaoyang, Liangying Town and Qianzhan Town of Huilai County. These are some phenomena of the so-called "chaozhou people, the ancestor of Hakka".

In a broad sense, Chaoshan people include Heluo people in Hailufeng area of Shanwei, which can also be understood as the integration of the original Chaozhou government and Shanwei city, with similar language and folk culture. Lufeng is close to three towns in Huilai, namely Jiazi Town, Jiadong Town and Jiaxi Town, Jieshi Town, Bomei Town, Nantang Town and Neihu Town, and has the distinctive features of Chaoshan culture such as good halls, English songs and kung fu tea. As for the Xuanwu Mountain Buddha in jieshi town, it is a holy place for Chaoshan people to worship. Chaoshan Chamber of Commerce distributed all over the world can also witness the combination of Chaoshan merchants and Hailufeng merchants. In addition, many Shanwei people overseas, especially in Hong Kong and Macao, will also identify themselves as chaozhou people.