Material one has two attitudes towards the plague. What's their difference?

(1) Committed to religion and asceticism; Enjoy life and pay attention to reality. (2 points)

(2) Thought: Humanism. (2 points) Evaluation: It is the ideological weapon of the bourgeoisie against feudalism (anti-feudalism and anti-theological worldview can also be used), which promotes the liberation of human nature, but excessive admiration will lead to the proliferation of selfish desires and social chaos. (4 points)

(3) Development: the initial idea of decentralization (the idea of system can also be answered) opposed to feudal monarchy. Reasons: the growth of bourgeois power in the handicraft workshop era; The development of natural science; British bourgeois revolutionary practice. (4 points)

(4) Thought: People-oriented (or benevolent government). (2 points) Difference: ① Propose that the highest power of appointment and removal belongs to the people; The supreme power of appointment and removal belongs to the monarch. ② Essence: bourgeois democracy; Feudal monarchy (2 points)

analyse

Problem analysis: (1) The first problem, to solve this problem, we need to know the materials: "People think that because they have done many unjust things, God is furious, punished the world and took countless lives, so they punish their bodies and wash away their crimes with penance." This is the first point, the way of asceticism. "There are also many people who believe that only eating and drinking to the fullest, seeking happiness, trying to satisfy their own desires, and joking heartily are the panacea for dealing with epidemics. They do what they say, try their best to put it into practice, change from one hotel to another day and night, drink unscrupulously, and even break into other people's homes to do whatever they want. " This shows that it is the second view, and it is the view of enjoyment.

(2) The second question, about analyzing what is the essential ideological problem behind the second attitude towards life according to the materials, needs to be analyzed and summarized according to the answers to the first question. The second concept of enjoying the world should be the embodiment of bourgeois ideology and humanism at that time. How to evaluate this new idea can be directly transformed into an evaluation of humanism.

(3) The third question is about the development of new ideas in the material 1. First of all, we need to make clear what the new ideas in the materials mean, and then compare the Renaissance in the materials. The new idea in material 2 is the idea of "people's sovereignty" during the Enlightenment, so this issue can be transformed into the difference between the Renaissance and the Enlightenment.

(4) the fourth question, there is a question about material three embodies Mencius' thought. First of all, we should make clear the content of Mencius' thought, and then analyze its ideological problems. The viewpoint in the material is obviously Mencius' people-oriented thought. What are the main differences between material 2 and material 3 from specific ideas to ideological essence? In fact, it is to compare the essence of western "people's sovereignty" with China's ancient people-oriented thought.