What does it mean to have a lonely city with white clouds and Wan Ren?

The Yellow River is getting farther and farther away, because it flows in the middle of the Yellow River, and Yumenguan is located on a lonely mountain.

Why use the elegy of willow to complain about the delay of spring, old Yumenguan, a spring breeze is not blowing!

Khan looked at the clouds in the north and killed the altar of Madden several times.

The son of the Han family is now in SHEN WOO, and he refuses to go home with his relatives.

To annotate ...

Liangzhou Ci: Also known as Liangzhou Song. "Leyuan" said that during the Kaiyuan period, Guo Zhiyun, governor of Xiliang, presented the palace tune Liangzhou. Liangzhou: Tang belongs to Longyou Road, and the prefecture is in Wuwei County, Gansu Province. The title of the poem is also called "The Embankment". The first sentence is "yellow sand goes straight to white clouds", and the last sentence is "spring is not over." Qiangdi: A flute played by the Qiang people in ancient China. Willow: refers to the song "Broken Willow" played by Qiang Di. The Northern Dynasty Yuefu's "Drumming the Drum and Bending Yang Liuzhi": "When you get on the horse, you don't catch the whip, but you hit Yang Liuzhi. Dismount and play the flute, worrying about killing travelers. " His voice is very sad.

Brief analysis:

Yang Shen in Ming Dynasty said in Sheng 'an Poem: "This poem is not as generous as frontier fortress, and the so-called military gate is far away from Wan Li. "That's not bad. In the early and middle period of Kaiyuan, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty indulged in debauchery, did not care about frontier defense, and did not care about the sufferings of people from afar. When the poet entered Liangzhou and heard the sad flute, he wrote this poem to express his sympathy for the soldiers in the distance.

-The following quotation comes from/magazine/n-9901149.htm.

Poetic Liangzhou is sinister and cold, so it is better to recruit people, but it is difficult to think about recruiting people; Although it is an accusation, the picture is magnificent and the air is not sad. It has always been regarded as a famous frontier fortress sentence in Tang Dynasty. The words quoted in Collection of Tang Poems: "We must try our best to keep the volume down, while Besieged City, Bai Di by Li, Phoenix by Wang Changling and Far Up on the Yellow River by Wang Zhihuan are almost ordinary! At the end of the Tang Dynasty, there were no quatrains in the right four chapters. "

Regarding this poem, Xue Yong's weak Collection of Notes in the Tang Dynasty recorded such an interesting story: in Kaiyuan, Wang Zhihuan was as famous as Wang Changling and Gao Shi. One day, it was freezing and it was snowing lightly, and the three of them went to the flag pavilion to drink. It coincides with more than ten official banquets in Liyuan; During the dinner, four beautiful geisha sang, and the lyrics were all the works of famous poets at that time. The three of them met privately and said: the names of our three poems are often confused. Now, let's take a look at these geisha eulogize. "If there are many poems in the lyrics, it would be best." As a result, the first person sang Wang Changling's poems, the second person sang Gao Shi's poems, and the third person sang Wang Changling's poems. Wang Zhihuan was unconvinced. "He has been famous for a long time." Pointing to "the best prostitute", he said, "If this son is not singing my poem, I will never dare to compare with him." The "best" of the four poems turned out to be a poem by Wang Zhihuan: "The Yellow River is far above the white clouds ..." Everyone laughed. Four geisha asked about the situation and rushed to submit. And please "bow down to the banquet", "the three of them will follow, and they will get drunk." After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the dramatists made this story into a script, and many of them were called Tingting Ji.

"Pian" in poetry is an idiom in the Tang Dynasty, which is often associated with "loneliness", that is, today's "one". "Lonely city" refers to Yumen Pass. Making Yumenguan an "isolated city" is obviously linked to people's departure. An ancient unit of length, seven feet is a well. "The Yellow River is far up", and some people say that "the Yellow River is straight up". Ye Jingkui believes: "There is a sentence in the poem that has been ignored by later generations. It is the Liangzhou word' The Yellow River is far above the white clouds', and so is the sentence that has been passed down from ancient times to modern times. I saw a new copper movable-type edition of 10,000 Tang Poems in Beiping Library before, and' Yellow River' was regarded as' yellow sand', then I suddenly realized that I suspected that the word' Yellow River' was inconsistent with the following three sentences. If it's "yellow sand", the second sentence "Wan Ren Mountain" is meaningful, and the second couplet is full of words. The first couplet is about the desolate image of Liangzhou, which is actually the root of the third sentence' resentment', so the poem is flexible. " The essence of the quatrains of Tang poetry also said: "This poem is written in the Yellow River, but the chronicle of Tang poetry is written in Huangsha." Yumenguan, Dunhuang, said that it is far from the Yellow River basin and it is wrong to be a river. And the first sentence is about the scenery outside the customs, but seeing the endless yellow sand directly connected with the white clouds has made people feel desolate. Adding the emptiness of the second sentence to write it is even more embarrassing. It is in this state that I suddenly heard the Qiang flute playing the song "Folding Willow", and I couldn't help complaining that the spring breeze was not enough. However, many scholars still believe that "the Yellow River is far above" is better than "the Yellow River is straight above" poetically. The reasons are as follows: First, the artistic conception of "The Yellow River is far above" is broad, vast and vast, just like Li Bai's "How does the Yellow River water move out of the sky", which looks beautiful, while "The yellow sand is straight above" just gives people a desolate feeling. Second, the distance between the sentence "The Yellow River is far above" and the next sentence "An isolated city" is very three-dimensional, while the picture of the sentence "Yellow sand is straight above" is rather monotonous. As for the problem that the Yellow River is far from Yumenguan, it is believed that Liangzhou Ci is only a tune of the Tang Dynasty, not necessarily written only in Liangzhou; Some people think that Wang Zhihuan's "Liangzhou Ci" has another title: "Listening to Yumenguan playing the flute", which refers to what the poet wrote when he played the flute at Yumenguan. The isolated city is the scene in front of us, and the Yellow River is the way for customs clearance. The poet describes the natural scenery in a wider space (see Yuan Xingpei's Lecture Notes on the History of China Literature).

According to Xue Yongwei's Collection of Legacies in the Tang Dynasty, during the Kaiyuan period, Wang Zhihuan, Gao Shi and Wang Changling went to the hotel to drink, and when the actors in the pear garden sang and feasted, they privately agreed to name the poems according to their singing. As a result, all three people's poems were sung, and the most beautiful woman in Zhu Lingzhong sang "The Yellow River is far above the white clouds". Wang Zhihuan is very proud, and this is the famous story of "painting a wall and hanging a flag pavilion". It may not be true. However, it shows that Wang Zhihuan's "Liangzhou Ci" has become a famous piece widely sung at that time.

The first sentence of the poem captures the special feeling of looking at the Yellow River from the bottom (swimming) to the top (swimming) from near and far, and depicts the moving picture of "the Yellow River is far above the white clouds": the surging Yellow River flies to the clouds like a ribbon. Writing is really a leap of thought, and the weather is open. Another famous poem of the poet, "And the Ocean Drains Gold River", is viewed from the opposite angle, from top to bottom; Li Bai's "How the Yellow River Water Moves Out of the Sky" is different from this sentence. Although it is also about looking at the upper reaches, the line of sight is from far to near. "All rivers run into the sea" and "How the water of the Yellow River moves out of the sky" are deliberately exaggerating the style of the Yellow River, showing dynamic beauty. "The Yellow River is far above the white clouds", the direction of which is opposite to that of the river, which is intended to highlight its long-standing leisure state and show a static beauty. At the same time, it shows the vast and magnificent scenery of the border, which is worthy of being a strange sentence throughout the ages.

The second sentence "Isolated City, Wan Ren Mountain" appears as an isolated city on the frontier, which is one of the main images of this poem and belongs to the main part of the "picture scroll". "The Yellow River is far above the white clouds" is its background, and "Wan Ren Mountain" is its near background. Against the background of the mountains in Yuanchuan, it is helpful to see that the city is in a dangerous terrain and lonely situation. "Pian" is an idiom in Tang poetry, which is often associated with "loneliness" (such as "a lonely sail" and "a lonely cloud"). ). Here, it is equivalent to "a seat", but this word has an extra layer of "thin" meaning. A lonely city like Mobei, of course, is not a residential area, but a fortress on the edge, suggesting that readers have husbands in their poems. As a vocabulary of classical poetry, "Lonely City" has a specific meaning. It is often associated with the sadness of leaving people, such as "The sunset in Kuifu ancient city is oblique, and every Beidou Wangjing is in China" (Du Fu's Autumn Prosperity), "Knowing the Han people far away makes Xiao Guan go out and worry about seeing the sunset in the old city" (Wang Wei's Send Wei to Comment on Things) and so on. Firstly, the image of "lonely city" in the second sentence is introduced to prepare for further describing the psychology of husband recruitment in the next two sentences.

Poetry begins with a description of the vastness and desolation of mountains and rivers, and bears the loneliness and danger of the defenders. The third sentence suddenly turns, introducing the sound of Qiang flute. The tune played by Qiangdi is "Folding Willow", which can't help but arouse people's sadness. This sentence is translated into Yuefu's "Cross Blowing Songs and Folding Willow Songs", "If you don't catch the whip when you get on the horse, you will fold Yang Liuzhi. Playing the flute on the bench and worrying about killing travelers is very poetic. The custom of "breaking willows to bid farewell" was the most popular in the Tang Dynasty. "Willow" has a more direct relationship with parting. Therefore, people will feel sad not only when they see willow trees, but also when they hear the flute sound of "breaking willow trees". The sentence "strong enemy" is not about "smelling willow", but about "resenting willow", which is particularly wonderful. This avoids directly using the title of the song, and turns the board into life, which can trigger more associations and deepen poetry. Outside Yumenguan, the spring breeze is not strong, the willow is not green, and people can't leave a willow to send their feelings, which is more embarrassing than breaking the willow to bid farewell. When people listen to songs in this mood, it seems that the flute is also complaining about the willow. The resentment revealed is strong, but it is euphemistically expressed in the broad explanation of "why complain", which is deep, implicit and intriguing. This third sentence conveys such rich poetry in the question, and the last sentence "Spring breeze is not enough to pass Yumenguan" is logical. Entering the poem with the word' Yumenguan' is also related to making people think. "The Biography of Ban Chao in the Later Han Dynasty says:" I dare not look at Jiuquan County, but hope that Yumenguan will be born. " Therefore, the last sentence was written in the biting cold, implying infinite homesickness. If we compare this poem "Liangzhou Ci" with some frontier poems after the middle Tang Dynasty (such as Zhang Qiao's "Old Soldiers of Hehuang"), we will find that although this poem is extremely about the resentment of those who are imprisoned in the frontier fortress and are not allowed to go home, it is tragic and desolate, and there is no melancholy mood, which shows the broad-minded mind of the poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Even if you write sad grievances, you are strong in sadness and generous in sadness. The word "Why complain" not only shows the euphemism and implication of its artistic technique, but also shows that the frontier guards at that time realized the great responsibility of defending the country and defending the border when they were homesick, so that they could forgive themselves. Perhaps it is because of the sadness of Liangzhou Ci that it can become a typical representative of "Tang Yin".