Xin Qiji's materials

Xin Qiji (1 140- 1207) was a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. The word euan, no. Jia Xuan was born in Licheng (now Jinan, Shandong). The original word Tanfu was changed to You 'an, alias Jiaxuan layman. The same name as Su Shi, also known as Su Xin. Liu Chenweng's Preface to Xinjiaxuan said: "The word reaches Dongpo, which is aboveboard, like poetry, prose and wonders of heaven and earth." He has been to Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian and eastern Zhejiang. At birth, Shandong was occupied by nomadic people. 2 1 year-old joined the anti-Jin army and soon returned to the Southern Song Dynasty. Before the birth of 13, Shandong was occupied by the nomads. In the thirty-first year of Shaoxing (1 16 1), two thousand people joined the northern anti-Jin army and returned to the Southern Song Dynasty the following year. Throughout his life, he insisted on fighting against nomadic people and recovering lost land. Zeng Jin played "Ten Theories on Meiqin", analyzed the situation of the enemy and ourselves, and put forward specific plans for Qiang Bing's rejuvenation; He also went to the Prime Minister's Ninth Meeting to further elaborate the idea of the Tenth Meeting. Has not been adopted and implemented. When serving in various places, he seriously eliminated the accumulated disadvantages, actively prepared for war, was restrained by capitulationists, and even was dismissed. He once lived in Shangrao, Jiangxi for a long time. The great ambition and talent of recovering the motherland were not displayed, and loyalty and resentment created a generation of great poets in the Southern Song Dynasty.

There are 629 existing words, the largest number in the Song Dynasty. With a wide range of themes and diverse styles, generous and tragic patriotic words are its main theme. Among these words, there are Gu Beiting Pavilion in Huaigu Jingkou, Deng Jiankang Pavilion in Water, Fu Zhuang Ci by Chen Tongfu in Breaking the Array, and Jiangxi Zhukou Wall in Bodhisattva Man. The number of words about leisure life is the largest, and these words often show helplessness in leisure, and their spirit is still in line with their patriotic words. Such as (Qinyuanchun) "A new house with a lake will be built", (Water turns around) "Meng Ou" and many other words all contain this emotion. Some words describing rural life are fresh and simple, and the language is simple, such as (Qingpingle) village house, (Partridge Day) drama village house, (Xijiangyue) night trip on Huangsha Road, and (Huanxisha) Changshan Road, all of which are vivid rural customs paintings. There are also love stories in Xin Qiji's poems, such as "falling asleep on a spring night", which is touching. There are 133 poems written by Xin Qiji today, and the content and style are basically the same as his ci. There are 17 pieces of Xin Qiji's works today, most of which are applied words such as recitation and open letters, which can quite show Xin Qiji's ideas and strategies.

There are many versions of Xin Qiji's ci in Song Dynasty, mainly including four volumes and 12 volumes. Formerly known as Jia, the four-volume edition is divided into four episodes: A, B, C and D. The engraved edition of the Song Dynasty no longer exists, and there are two existing editions: The Shadow by Ji Google and The Hundred Poems by famous writers in Tang and Song Dynasties. Volume 12, whose real name is Jia Ji's short sentence, was not circulated in the Song Dynasty, but there are four printed editions that have been circulated so far. 1962, the Shanghai Editorial Institute of Zhonghua Book Company published Deng Guangming's Annotations on the Chronology of Jiaxuan Ci. 1975 school-based version of Jia Ji's Short Sentences published by Shanghai People's Publishing House.

During his tenure, Xin Qiji actively took measures to recruit refugees, train the army, reward farming, crack down on corruption, and attach importance to stability and people's livelihood. He persisted in resisting gold all his life. In the notes of Ten Comments on Meiqin and Nine Comments, the political and military situation at that time was analyzed in detail, which strongly refuted the fallacy of exaggerating the strength of nomadic people and advocating compromise and surrender. It is required to strengthen operational preparations and boost morale in order to restore the Central Plains. His anti-gold suggestion was not adopted and was hit by the peace faction. I have left my post for a long time and lived in Shangrao and Lead Mountain in Jiangxi.

I used it in my later years and soon died of illness. His ci tries to restore the patriotic enthusiasm of national reunification, pour out the grief and indignation of hard-to-pay ambition, and expose and criticize the humiliating surrender of the upper ruling group in the Southern Song Dynasty. There are also many works that praise the rivers and mountains of the motherland. The artistic style is diverse, mainly bold. Passionate, generous and tragic, vigorous brushwork, and Su Shi are also called "Su Xin". Xin Ci inherited Su Shi's bold and unconstrained ci style and the fighting tradition of patriotic poets in the early Southern Song Dynasty, further opened up the realm of Ci and expanded the theme of Ci, almost reaching the point of nothing. It also creatively synthesizes the advantages of poetry, prose, ci and fu, enriches the forms of expression of ci, and forms the unique style of symphonic ci. Words are bold and unconstrained, but eclectic, gloomy, bright, inspirational and charming. He is good at using concrete techniques and strange imagination to endow the mountains, water, wind, moon, grass and wood in nature with emotion and character, and place some hopes on them. He is also good at absorbing folk spoken language, especially at using allusions, using things and quoting poems and sentences of predecessors, and often makes a little transformation and creates new ideas. But some works are obscure and boring because of too many allusions and arguments. The summary of the catalogue of Sikuquanshu said: "His words are generous and arrogant, and he can stand out because of the sudden change of tone of the musicians." Wu's Lotus Poem says: Xin Jiaxuan's solo poems, regardless of ancient and modern times, show profound brushwork, such as Lun, Meng, Preface of Poetry, Zuo's Spring and Autumn Period, Southland, Li Sao, History Book, Han, Shi Shuo, Metaphysics, Li and Du Fu. "

Famous for his broken array, Chen Tongfu gave Zhuang words to recall the past, Yong Yule, Jingkou, Gu Beiting, Shuilongyin, Deng Jiankang, Shangxin Pavilion and Bodhisattva Man, and wrote books to build Jiangxi Wall. However, some works also reveal negative emotions caused by unfulfilled ambitions. And "Jia He's Short Sentence". Modern people compiled Notes on Xin Jiaxuan's Poems.

Xin Qiji is "the pride of my life." Conceited by integrity, confident by achievement "(Preface to Fan Kai Jiaxuan). Like Lu You, he was a representative figure who insisted on resuming the Northern Expedition after crossing the south. He can also treat the Northern Expedition with people-oriented thought. He said: "The restoration is only for the ancestors, for the country and for the people. This also shows that the Lord and the wise and brave people in the world are also private! " ("Nine Discussions") He can also put forward three principles of defending the enemy and saving the country from the perspective of a military strategist according to the actual situation of both sides: "One day, you should not rush, the second day should be judged first, and the third day can be defeated." ("Nine Discussions")

Although Xin Qiji did not leave a systematic and clear literary proposition, some of his literary tendencies can be seen from some words. He said, "There are thousands of hatreds today and in the past. Should we break up? Jiangtou is not a storm, and there is no place on earth where it is difficult to walk. " (Partridge Sky) shows that he not only attaches importance to the emotional function of literary works, but also emphasizes that literature should reflect meaningful social content. He also said: "Poetry is in a bleak business" ("Partridge Sky"), "Poetry has life, and Sun Moon has a new job." (Water turns around) shows that he advocates a serious writing attitude. He also said: "I am interested in beauty, but I have no intention of being smart." ("Linjiang Xian") shows that he especially respects the bold and unconstrained style. He also deeply admired Tao Yuanming's arrogance in silence. This aesthetic taste also directly influenced his ci style.

The ideological content of symplectic ci

The content of Xin Ci is broader than that of Su Ci, which really reaches the point of "nothing to say" (Liu Xizai's "A Brief Introduction to Art, Ci and Qu").

The most concentrated and progressive ideological content in Xin Ci is patriotic Ci. Xin Qiji has a military career that ordinary writers don't have. He is a patriotic fighter first, then a poet, so his patriotic words are the most natural and true. "The elegy is generous, gloomy and boring, a word connected with him." (Xu Hong's Ci Yuan Cong Tan, Volume 4)

Therefore, in patriotic terms, what deserves special attention are those works that express self-experience, self-image and self-feeling.

Those words that record their fighting life or express their feelings by remembering their fighting life are unique works in the history of ci, such as:

When I was young, I took 10,000 soldiers and elite cavalry and spent too much time with them. Yan Bing night Yin Hu? Han Jian generally flies towards the golden servant aunt.

Looking back, I sigh that today, the spring breeze has not dyed the white beard, but I won 10 thousand words for planting trees. (partridge festival)

The first word, Shang Kun describes "Guangdong letter four years, the south rebels, the central plains people gathered in a swarm, I tasted two thousand pigeons, transferred to, as the secretary of the palm, recovered with the map, * * * drafted two hundred and fifty thousand, and paid the money to the DPRK" ("Preface to Ten Theories of Meiqin"). Next, I will write about the sadness and feeling that my ideal failed because I recalled the past. But Xin Qiji is bitter and indignant, but not depressed. When he is depressed, he can still keep his high spirits and forge ahead. For example, in his duet with another patriot, Chen Jia, he not only expressed his grief and indignation that he was not reused, but also expressed his firm belief:

There is no difference in people's hearts. Ask Qu Nong, after all, how many times did China score? No one cares about the car of blood and salt, and it takes a long time to collect bones. If the eyes are cut off, the river will be closed. I pity you for dancing in the middle of the night and say, "People's hearts are as iron as death." Try your hand to mend the sky. (He Xinlang)

Xin Qiji also has many words to comment on the current situation, discuss the world, care about the fate of the country, state the great cause of recovery, and criticize the surrender forces. In these words, he did not pour out and complain in an empty way, but poured out, cried, shouted and encouraged wholeheartedly. Such as "bodhisattva man":

How many pedestrians shed tears in the middle of Qingjiang River in Yugutai. Looking at Chang 'an in the northwest, there are countless poor mountains.

Castle peak can't cover up, after all, it flows east. In the evening, the river is gloomy and there are partridges in the mountains.

It is unstoppable to compare the numerous obstacles to the cause of resisting gold to "countless mountains" and to compare the power to resist the enemy and save the country to the east. It can really be described as loyalty and anger.

Xin Qiji's patriotic words are expressed through various themes, the most important of which is lyrics. Xin seldom writes about the suffering of lovesickness in his poems about nostalgia, but mostly encourages the restoration of the Northern Expedition, which makes the content of poems about nostalgia new. Taking his birthday speech as an example, he wrote: "If you count Wan Li, your fame and fortune are all based on true Confucianism. Do you know publicly? " "Wait for him next year, rectify the matter of Gankun and live for your husband." ("Shui Longyin, Chen Jiashou, Hanshan Bamboo Slips")

The second is to write landscape poems. Many patriotic masterpieces in Xin Ci, such as Nian Nu Jiao, I've come to pay my respects, Shui Chu Dora, Bodhisattva Man Fish Valley Tai River, Ugly Slave Boys Don't Know the Taste of Sorrow, Forever Happiness, Nanxiangzi and Where to See China, are all these works. Such as "hidden Long Yin" yue:

In autumn, the south is empty and desolate, the river flows with the sky, and autumn is even more boundless. In the distance, Cenyuan's eyes are filled with sorrow and hatred, and his hair is tied in a bun. The sun in the west leans against this floor, and geese are barking in the distant sky. I am wandering in the south of the Yangtze River, homesick for a wanderer. I saw Wu Gou and made a column, but no one would attend.

The third is nostalgia. For example, the poem "Ode to Yu Le Jing Kou Gu Bei Ting Nostalgia", which was rated as the first symphonic poem by Yang Shen, is still dry "meaning to restore, so I remember Sun Liu" (Song Xiangfeng's Yuefu Yu Lun); Tracing back to Sun Liu is to criticize the arguments that "the situation of the Jin Dynasty in the Three Kingdoms is different from today", "Wu Chu is not weak enough to compete in the Central Plains" and "there is nothing in the world, so it must be from south to north". The purpose of probing is to be cautious, so I regret Song Wendi; Sympathy for Song Wendi is to remind the authorities not to make the same mistake and use the army rashly. Finally, to be sentimental about Lian Po and Lian Po is to be sentimental about being born at an untimely time and not being reused. With the help of chanting ancient times, satire now has a deeper connotation.

Besides patriotic words, Xin Qiji has many other words. There are about thirty or forty poems describing the countryside directly or indirectly. For example, Qing Ping Yan Xiao and Xi Jiang Yue Bie Zhi Jing Que are rare pastoral words in the history of ci poetry. Xin Qiji once lived at home for nearly 20 years, so he wrote many leisurely words, but leisure was not what he wanted. Therefore, these words often contain resentful feelings and become a tone sandhi to express patriotic thoughts. Xin Qiji occasionally writes love stories, but Never Tit for Tit and Jia Postscript of Golden Retriever are more ambitious than others, such as:

One night, the east wind made up thousands of trees and flowers, blowing off the stars and rain. BMW cars are full of incense, the phoenix moves, the jade pot turns bright, and the fish dragon dances all night.

Moths, snow, willows, gold thread, laughter and incense are all gone. In the crowd, I searched for her again and again in vain. When I suddenly turned my head, I found her there, dimly lit. (Jade Case)

Rather than writing about the pursuit of lovers, it is better to say that "self-pity is lonely and sad people have no arms" (Liang Qichao was quoted in Selected Works of Yiheng Guan Wen).

Four stages of Xin Qiji's life

First, adolescence. It ended before Du Nan turned 23. This is the most prosperous period of his life.

1 16 1 year, the gold Lord Yan Liang invaded the south on a large scale. At the age of 22, Xin Qiji gathered 2000 people and raised the banner of resisting gold. Soon after, he led his troops to Gengjing to start a rebel army and urged Gengjing to return to the Song Dynasty to achieve great things. 1 162, Xin Qiji was ordered to cross the south to contact the rebel army to return to the Song Dynasty. Unexpectedly, the traitor Zhang Anguo killed Geng Jing and led the troops to invest in gold. Xin Qiji learned the news on his way back. Xin Qiji led more than 50 cavalry, raided Jin Ying and captured the traitor Zhang Anguo alive. This move is "strong voice, cowards rise for it, and the holy son of heaven sighs when he sees it." Since then, Xin Qiji defected to the Southern Song Dynasty, and the official signed Jiangyin.

Second, young people:

From 1 162 to 1 18 1 year, from Xin Qiji's age of 23 to 42, he was an official all his life. Xin Qiji in this period was ambitious and ambitious. He gave a series of lectures and urged the strategy of resisting gold and protecting the country. But his opinion was not adopted by those in power.

During this period, he went from signing a sentence to knowing the state, from prison promotion to comforting envoys. Although his official career is impermanent, he has made outstanding achievements. He served as a well-known Chuzhou for only half a year, and the local "barren gas" was washed away. He took command in Hunan and founded the Flying Tiger Army. "Cheng Jun on the edge of Xiongzhen is the highest army on the river." He is a good official with clear political mind and caring for the country and people.

Third, middle-aged and elderly people:

1 182 to 1202, aged 43 to 63. During this period, except for 53-55 years old, he worked as a Chinese and foreign official in Fujian, was impeached twice, and spent 18 years in his hometown in Jiangxi, which was the period when he was forced to retire all his life. In his long-term seclusion, he was attached to the countryside, mountains and rivers and admired Tao Yuanming. He wrote a lot of pastoral words and landscape words with strong local flavor. His patriotic passion was also strongly expressed in some singing and answering questions.

Fourth, in his later years:

From 1203 to 1207, Xin Qiji was 64 to 68 years old. When Xin Qiji was 64 years old, he was still appointed to take office regardless of his leisure and family affairs. But it was not completed and was rejected.

Since the autumn of 66, Xin Qiji stopped living in lead mountain. Although he was often called and even awarded the position of Assistant Minister of the Ministry of War and Privy Council of Jingshi, he always died at the age of 68 because of his old age and illness.

Appreciation of Xin Qiji's Ci

Xin Qiji left more than 620 poems. No matter the quantity is abundant or the quality is excellent, it is the first in the Song Dynasty. Ci critics say: Jia Xuan is the crown among people and the dragon in ci.

Xin Qiji's ci developed from Su Dongpo's bold style. Later generations called Su Xin, saying that Su Xin was not as brave as Xin; The gas is not as high as Su Gao.

Recovering my homeland and returning my mountains and rivers was the strongest voice of that era, which was also fully expressed in Xin Qiji's ci.

Because Xin Qiji has been forced to live in seclusion in the countryside for a long time, it is a major feature of Xin Qiji's ci works to make use of rural life and rural scenery to make his ci works full of fresh life and earth fragrance.

Xin Qiji, like other literati, likes drinking very much and often gets drunk. He made up his mind to stop drinking, but he gave up halfway. His drinking words are profound, humorous and full of life.

Chen Liang, a contemporary of Xin Qiji, also known as Chen Tongfu (1143 ~1194), was an outstanding thinker in the Southern Song Dynasty. He was brilliant, brave and good at fighting, liked to talk about soldiers and advocated the war of resistance, so he was persecuted repeatedly and was framed and imprisoned three times. Like-minded and close contacts with Xin Qiji. 11When Xin Qiji stopped living in Shangrao in the winter of 88, Chen Liang came to visit Xin Qiji from Dongyang, Zhejiang Province, and they hit it off very well. Xin Qiji wrote a word "He Xinlang" to describe their communication. Order before words:

Chen Tongfu came from Dongyang and lived for ten days. He followed him around Goose Lake and met Zhu Huian in Zixi. Before he arrived, he drifted east. Since I can't see tomorrow, I feel attached and want to chase the road again. When we reached the egret forest, the snow was deep and muddy, so we couldn't move forward. Drinking alone in the village, I was disappointed for a long time, and I hated not being able to retain it. Late at night, I stayed at the Chunhu Building in Wu. I heard that my neighbor's flute was very sad, so I wrote "Smoke flies" as my own opinion. On the fifth day, the father wrote to ask questions, and those who feel the same can laugh a thousand miles.

At the beginning of the word, he described drinking at the post office. Xin Qiji praised his friend Chen Liang and compared him to the reclusive Tao Yuanming and Zhuge Liang. Where did the magpie fly in the forest? The magpie stepped on the loose tip, and the snow broke its hat, causing white hair and no way to serve the country. Time wasted. Vilen is lifeless in winter, and a few sparse plums adorn the scenery. The sky passed two or three geese, which was even more desolate. This is also the result of the theft of peace in the Southern Song Dynasty.

In the next film, I will go back and say goodbye. Beauty refers to cat, praising him for coming back to meet again and complaining about him in anxious to return. This is the theme of this word, so stop here. Sadly, due to the cold weather, the Qingjiang River is frozen, pedestrians can't cross it, the snow is deep and muddy, the roads are difficult to block, and the wheels can't turn like horns. Leaving at such a time will make pedestrians lose their souls and eat bones. Ask who makes you sad? It is not only parting, but also the situation that the country is in danger and the reality that it is not reused by the court. Because of the deep friendship between the author and Chen Liang, this meeting is like exhausting the iron in the world and casting a mistake of human lovesickness. In the dead of night, the long flute aroused infinite love for friends.

Xin Qiji also wrote a poem "Breaking the Array", the preface is: "Give Chen Tongfu a gift to argue irrationally". Expressing his dream of recovering great rivers and mountains day and night, I use this word to encourage cats.

Drunk watching the sword,

Dream back to blow the horn and set up camp.

Under 800 miles of gunfire,

Fifty strings turn the plug.

This is a military parade on the battlefield in autumn.

Luffy is made of horses,

Bow like thunder.

After the king's affairs in the world,

Win fame before and after death.

It's in vain.

People used to drown their sorrows by drinking and get drunk. But the author was drunk, worried and bent on recovering lost ground. He lit the lamp, admired his sword, and thought about how to use it and play its role. In my sleep, a military camp was connected to a military camp, and the horn rang. In the 800-mile military camp, the soldiers rejoiced and shared the barbecue given to them by the general. Musical instruments in the army play vigorous and tragic military music. Just as Mazhuang was in high spirits in autumn, the soldiers were stationed on the battlefield, ready to go out.

"Dulu" is the sound of horses' hooves when they run. Under the general's command, the soldiers rushed at the enemy like lightning, with bows like thunderbolts and ten thousand arrows. The enemy fell in succession, and the defeated soldiers fled in panic. The general took the lead and pursued the victory. The song of triumph goes into the clouds, and joy shakes the ground. This is the poet's dream feat, which not only saved the king's world, but also won himself a reputation before and after his death. However, in the political affairs dominated by capitulationists, the author "wants to serve his country and die without a battlefield" and can only sigh the cold reality: unfortunately, it happened in vain.

From 1 176 to 1 178, in less than two years, Xin Qiji was frequently transferred to Jiangxi, Hubei and other ancient places called Chu. Transferred from Jiangxi