Loose leaf history

The Origin of the First Field Army and the Third Field Army The China People's First Field Army was one of the main forces of China people during the National Liberation War.

It was developed by the Eighth Route Army and local armed forces in the Jinsui Liberated Area and the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Liberated Area at the end of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. The Jin-Sui Field Army and the Jin-Sui Military Region Field Column were established to meet the needs of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's transformation to a big counterattack.

On August 1945 and 1 1 day, the Central Military Commission ordered the establishment of the Jinsui Field Army. Under the establishment of the Jin-Gan-Ning Jinsui Joint Defense Army, He Long was appointed as the commander, (later Li Jingquan), Zhang Zongxun as the deputy commander, Li Jingquan as the deputy political commissar, Zhang as the chief of staff (later Xu Guangda generation) and Gan Siqi as the director of the political department.

On August 2 1 day, the Jin-Sui Military Region was transferred from the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Jin-Sui Joint Defense Army to the Central Military Commission. 1September, 946, the 359th Brigade, which broke through the Central Plains, returned to the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Liberated Area and then transferred to the Jinsui Military Region.

1946165438+1October 10, * * The Central Military Commission decided to revoke the titles of the Jinsui Field Army and the Jinbei Field Army (established in June1946, under the Jinsui Military Region), and put the two field armies. 1 column commander Zhang Zongxun and political commissar Liao Hansheng are in charge of the 358th Brigade and the Independent L Brigade. In the second column, Wang Zhen was appointed as the commander and political commissar, and unified the 359 brigade and the independent fourth brigade. Xu Guangda, commander of the third column, and Sun Zhiyuan, political commissar, are in charge of the Independent Second Brigade, the Independent Third Brigade and the Independent Fifth Brigade.

And transferred the 1 column to the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border region. The Northwest Field Army was established to meet the key attack of the * * * Army on the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Liberated Area.

1 947 February 10, * * The Central Military Commission decided to put the Jinsui Military Region 1 column and the newly compiled 4th Brigade, Teaching Brigade, Garrison Brigade1,3rd Brigade and * * * 6th Brigade 2 Brigade under the jurisdiction of the Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Jinsui Joint Defense Army. More than 80,000 people formed the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Field Army.

Zhang Zongxun served as commander, * * * as political commissar, Wang Shitai as deputy commander, deputy political commissar, chief of staff and Xu as director of political department. At the beginning of March, the field army attacked Longdong with a force and mobilized the * * * army ready to attack Yan' an.

On March 13, the * * * Army attacked the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Liberated Area with more than 250,000 people in 34 brigades. Among them, Hu Zongnan, director of Xi 'an appeasement office, led a brigade of 15 and140,000, and directly attacked Yan 'an from the downtown.

In order to strengthen the operational command in northern Shaanxi, on March 6, 2006, the Central Military Commission decided that all field troops and local armed forces stationed in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Liberated Area would be under the command of * * * Peng, vice chairman and chief of staff of the Central Military Commission, and * * * *, secretary of the Central Northwest Bureau. At the same time, the Northwest Field Army was established and the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Field Army was cancelled.

Peng served as commander and political commissar of Northwest Field Army, Zhang Zongxun as deputy commander, * * * as deputy political commissar, Zhang Wenzhou as chief of staff, Xu as director of political department and deputy chief of staff. Under the jurisdiction of 1, 2 columns (from Jinzhong to Shaanxi on March 17), teaching brigade, newly compiled 4 brigades, ***2.

Over 60,000 people. On March 19, the Northwest Field Army successfully evacuated the * * * Central Committee, the people's * * * headquarters and the people from Yan 'an.

From March 25th to May 4th, the Northwest Field Army, with more than 20,000 troops and under extremely difficult conditions of food and ammunition, carried out three battles in succession, namely, Qinghuabian, Yangmahe and Panlong, with three brigades of J * * * Army and * *1local team. 40 thousand people.

After these three battles, the northwest war situation was initially stable. From the end of May to the beginning of July, the Northwest Field Army moved to Longdong, entered the trilateral area in the north, recovered Huanxian, Dingbian, Anbian, Jingbian and other places, and * * * annihilated more than 2,400 former deputy directors of the Northwest Line, such as Ma Bufang and Ma Hongkui.

It consolidated the liberated areas and created conditions for the strategic counterattack. On July 3 1947 and 3 1 day, the Central Military Commission decided that the Northwest Field Army was officially named Northwest Field Army, with Peng as commander and political commissar, Zhang Zongxun as deputy commander (Zhao Shoushan as second deputy commander in February of the following year), * * * as deputy political commissar, Zhang Wenzhou as chief of staff and Xu as director of political department and deputy chief of staff.

Under the jurisdiction of 1, the 2 nd column, the teaching brigade and the newly compiled 4 th brigade. And form * * * Northwest Field Army Front Committee, with Peng as the secretary.

At the beginning of August, the third and fourth columns of the Jinsui Military Region entered Shaanxi and were formed by the Northwest Field Army. The total number of Northwest Field Army is 4.

Fifty thousand people. At this point, the people of China have turned to the strategic offensive.

The Northwest Field Army launched the Yulin Campaign on August 6th, mobilized the Hu Zongnan Department of the * * * Army 10 Brigade to reinforce the north, and cooperated with the Chen Geng-Xie (Fuzhi) regiment of the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Field Army to go south to the Yellow River and advance into western Henan. Subsequently, the Northwest Field Army dispatched troops in time. On August 20th, in Shajiadian, the elite troops of Hu Zongnan Group were annihilated, and more than 6,000 people from 36 divisions were reorganized, which reversed the northwest war situation and began to shift from interior defense to interior counterattack.

Then from September of 14 to September of 16, we pursued Chakou and Guanzhuang, and * * * reorganized more than 4,000 people in 1 and 29 army respectively. At this point, the Northwest Field Army beat back the key offensive of the Northwest Army.

On September 20th, the 4th column of Northwest Field Army was composed of cavalry 1, 3rd brigade and 6th division, with Wang Shitai as commander and Zhang Zhongliang as political commissar. After the formation of the column, from September 25th to1October 25th, 2 1 and 2 1, together with the 2nd column, they pushed forward to Huanglong area and successively captured Baishui, Shibao (now Huanglong), Hancheng and Yichuan.

After that, the second vertical entered Jinnan and liberated Jixian; Later, together with the eighth column of the Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Military Region, Yuncheng and Anyi were liberated. During this period, the main force of the Northwest Field Army launched the Yanqing Campaign, wiped out more than 8,000 people, and recovered cities such as Yanchang, Yanchuan, Qingjian, Zichang and Suide, as well as vast areas in the northeast of Yan 'an.

1October 1 1 day, the 6th column of the Northwest Field Army is composed of the teaching brigade and the newly compiled 4th brigade, serving as the commander and being allowed to be a political commissar. At this point, the Northwest Field Army has grown to 5 columns and 1 directly affiliated mountain artillery battalion, with 7 * * *.

Fifty thousand people. From the winter solstice of 1947 to the spring of 1948, the Northwest Field Army launched a new army consolidation movement with the main contents of "complaining" (complaining about the sufferings brought by the old society and reactionaries) and "three inspections" (checking the class, checking the work and checking the fighting spirit), and carried out mass training on this basis, which improved the politics of the army.

* * * Right here.

The development history of the four field armies in China: Red Army 1 = "Eighth Route Army 1 15 Division =" Shandong Military Region = "Northeast People's Autonomous Army =" Northeast Democratic Allied Forces = "Fourth Field Army.

= "Jinchaji Military Region =" Jinchaji Field Army = "North China Corps

Red 2 Army = "Eighth Route Army 1 20th Division =" Jinsui Military Region = "Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Jinsui Military Region =" Northwest Field Army+North China Corps = "No.1Field Army.

Red Fourth Front Army = "Eighth Route Army129th Division =" Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Field Army = "Central Plains Field Army =" Second Field Army.

The New Fourth Army+the Eighth Route Army's Southward Corps = "China (Middle) Wild+Shan Ye (Shandong Military Region Remaining Force) =" East China Field Army = "Third Field Army.

The final outcome:

Ye Yi = Northwest Military Region

Second Field Army = Southwest Military Region

Loose leaves = East China Military Region

Four Fields = "Central South Military Region"

Jinchaji (North China) Command Organ = "North China Military Region"

The history and current population of the five fields are 1. Previously, the people * * * owned five field armies in North China (1, 949.038+0.6638+05).

2. Now: First place: Long live the Army, which belongs to * * *, No.38 Army and has 1 12, 1 3, 1 14 divisions,/kloc.

Second place: Sun Yat-sen's Armored Army, which belongs to * * *, the 54th Army, and has 127, 160, 162 divisions, a tank brigade, an artillery brigade and an anti-aircraft gun brigade.

Third place: The Royal Army on Black Land, which belongs to * * *, the 39th Army, has 1 15, 1 16, 1 17 division, one tank division and one tank division.

Fourth place: "Attack Ace Army", 27th Army, subordinate to * * *, with 79, 80, 8 1 division, 1 tank brigade, 1 artillery brigade, 1 anti-aircraft gun brigade.

Fifth place: Chang's 20th Army, subordinate to * *, has 58th, 60th and128th divisions, a tank division, an artillery brigade and an anti-aircraft artillery brigade.

The current number ... unknown ~ ~

During the War of Liberation, China People's East China Field Army and Central Plains Field Army cooperated with the troops of East China, Central Plains Military Region and Hebei-Shandong-Henan Military Region, starting from Haizhou in Jiangsu (now Lianyungang) in the east, Shangqiu in Henan in the west, Lincheng in Shandong (now Xuecheng) in the north and Huaihe River in the south, with Xuzhou as the center.

This was one of the three decisive battles in the War of Liberation. The situation on the southern front has undergone profound changes in favor of the people. 1in the autumn of 948, the people of China won in various battlefields all over the country, especially the first strategic decisive battle in the northeast battlefield-Liaoshen Campaign, which made the military situation in China enter a new turning point and the power balance between the two sides of the war changed fundamentally.

The total strength of the people has increased from 6.5438+0.27 million at the beginning of the war to more than 3 million; * * * The army dropped from 4.3 million to 2.9 million. People have advantages not only in quality, but also in quantity.

On the southern line south of the Yellow River and north of the Yangtze River, after the people * * * turned to the strategic offensive in July 1947, and after the fierce fighting with the * * * army in July 1 year, the situation changed profoundly in favor of the people * * *. The strength of the people has greatly developed.

The Central Plains Field Army, with Liu Bocheng as the commander and * * as the political commissar, governs seven infantry columns with 6,543.8+0.5 million people; The Central Plains Military Region governs more than 200,000 people in the seven military regions of western Henan, southern Shaanxi, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu, western Anhui, Tongbai, Jianghan and Hubei and Henan. The East China Field Army, with Chen Yi as its commander and political commissar, has 360,000 people under its jurisdiction 15 infantry column and 1 special forces column. The East China Military Region has jurisdiction over more than 300,000 people in five military regions: Jiaodong, Bohai, Central South Shandong, Northern Jiangsu and Jianghuai. After the victory of the Battle of Jinan, the main force of the East China Field Army was located between Jinan and tengxian (now Tengzhou), and some of them rested in Linyi, Shandong, xia zhuang (now Linshu) and Suqian, Jiangsu, actively preparing for new operations.

The main force of the Central Plains Field Army liberated Zhengzhou and Kaifeng in late June, 5438+00, and the other one was active in southern Henan and northern Hubei. The two field armies in East China and the Central Plains have been able to cooperate under unified command.

The Central Plains and East China Liberated Areas have been consolidated unprecedentedly, production has been restored and developed, the autumn harvest has been bumper, and the material strength to support the war has been enhanced. * * * In terms of the military, the Central China "Anti-Bandits" General Command, with Bai Chongxi as the commander in chief, has jurisdiction over the 3rd Corps (commander), the 1st12nd Corps (commander Huang Wei), the 1st14th Corps (commander Song Xilian), the 5th Corps (Xinyang) and the 1st13rd Corps.

Xuzhou "anti-bandits" headquarters, with Herry Liu as the commander in chief, has jurisdiction over the 2nd Corps (commander Qiu Qingquan), 7th Corps (commander Huang), 3rd Corps 13 (commander), 6th Corps 16 (commander's eldest grandson), 3rd Corps 1 3 (Yangzhou). This is a strategic groups with the largest number of troops and the strongest fighting capacity. The main force is concentrated in the section from Shangqiu to Haizhou of Longhai Railway (now Lanzhou-Lianyungang) centered on Xuzhou and the section from Xuzhou to Bengbu of Jinpu Railway (Tianjin-Pukou).

There is a contradiction between the "general suppression" in Central China controlled by General Guangxi and the "general suppression" in Xuzhou controlled by General Chiang Kai-shek, so it is difficult to carry out unified command and coordinated operations. Although Herry Liu Group is well-equipped, backed by Nanjing and Shanghai, with convenient transportation, its rear supply line is fragile. Once the Jin-Pu Railway is cut off, it will fall into the dilemma of lack of grain, grass and ammunition.

Herry Liu Group adopted a strategic defense. After the Central Military Commission decided to annihilate the Jinan Campaign, the high command of the * * * Military Region made various judgments on the movements of the two field armies in East China and the Central Plains, and thought that it was more likely to jointly launch a new offensive south of the Longhai Railway. So it was decided that Xuzhou "suppressed the general" to abandon Zhengzhou, Kaifeng, Heze, Linyi and Haizhou and shorten the front; Zhengzhou 16 Corps was transferred to the east, the 9th appeasement area was cancelled, and its 44th Army was withdrawn from Lianyungang by sea. The Central China "General Suppression" 12 Corps was transferred to the command of the Ministry of National Defense, and moved from Nanyang and Biyang in western Henan to Queshan and Zhumadian, ready to move to Xuzhou and Bengbu.

After the Liaoshen Campaign, Chiang Kai-shek sent Gu Yu, the chief of staff, to Xuzhou on June 4th to study the operational strategy, so as to avoid Herry Liu Group repeating the collapse of the Wei Group in Northeast China. On the 5th, Gu and Herry Liu held a military meeting and decided to adopt the policy of "preparing for retreat". On the one hand, they contracted their forces between Xuzhou and Bengbu to prepare for the battle, on the other hand, they withdrew materials and non-combatants from Xuzhou under unfavorable circumstances, so that the whole army could retreat to the south of the Huaihe River.

165438+1October 6, Chiang Kai-shek issued an order to determine that "the East China battlefield was temporarily on the defensive" and adjusted its deployment: the 44th Army of Haizhou was withdrawn from Xin 'an Town (now Xinyi) to the west and returned to the command of Huang; The seventh corps withdrew from Xin' an town to the west of the canal; The third "appeasement" area retreated southward from Lincheng and Zaozhuang to Han Zhuang and Taierzhuang areas; 13 Corps went south from Nianzhuangwei of Longhai Railway to Lingbi and Sixian. 1 "appeasement" area to defend Huaiyin and Yangzhou; The second corps moved eastward from Shangqiu to Dangshan and Yongcheng; The fourth "appeasement" area was moved from Shangqiu and Mamuji to Guzhen and Bengbu; 16 Corps moved from Liuhe to Mengcheng. The 107 Army under the direct command of Xuzhou "Suppression General" defended the canal south of Yaowan (now Pizhou South), the 72nd Army strengthened Xuzhou garrison, and the 96th and 66th Army defended Bengbu, Wuhe and Xuyi.

12 corps entered Fuyang and Taihe from Queshan. In this way, the strength of Xuzhou and Bengbu * * * Army has reached 5 corps and 3 "appeasement" areas, plus the directly affiliated troops and special forces, and there are about 700,000 people in 29 armies.

Chiang Kai-shek claimed that the battle of Xu Huai was the "biggest key to life and death" of the regime. The Central Military Commission of China put forward the idea of "attacking Xuzhou in winter and spring" in July 1948.

After the Battle of Jinan ended, that is, on September 24th, Su Yu, acting commander and political commissar of the East China Field Army (Chen Yi went to the Central Plains with Liu Bocheng and * * * in May to direct operations), suggested to the Central Military Commission that Huaihai Campaign be held to attack the enemies of Huaiyin, Huai 'an, Baoying, Gaoyou, Haizhou and Lianyungang, so as to create conditions for capturing Xuzhou. Medium.