How to guide the study of extracurricular reading

"When children step into the school gate, don't put their thoughts in the blackboard and literacy shelf, and don't let the four walls of the classroom isolate them from the colorful world, because the mystery of the world contains inexhaustible sources of thinking and creation." Suhomlinski's suggestion reminds us that every teacher should pay attention to the world outside the classroom. Among them, extracurricular reading is of great significance to broaden students' horizons, develop their intelligence and improve their quality. The successful experience of many writers and scholars shows that the improvement of Chinese literacy mostly benefits from extensive reading. The new curriculum standard stipulates the amount of extracurricular reading for primary school students for the first time and puts forward the requirement of reading speed. This is a breakthrough in the reform of Chinese education and has a good guiding role in Chinese teaching in primary schools. Therefore, teachers must take guiding students' extracurricular reading as an important task in teaching. Next, I want to talk about how to guide primary school students' extracurricular reading in combination with teaching practice.

First, create an atmosphere to stimulate the interest of primary school students in extracurricular reading

When in love, reading focuses on passion. We should create a good reading atmosphere so that students can be influenced by emotions. Teachers should first make use of all appropriate teaching opportunities to create a good atmosphere and stimulate students' interest in extracurricular reading. First of all, as class teachers, we create a good environment, create a harmonious atmosphere for extracurricular reading, arouse students' unintentional attention, stimulate primary school students' interest in extracurricular reading, and urge them to finish a lot of extracurricular reading independently. For example, mobilize students to take out their books, number them, set up a class reading corner, and choose two responsible students as librarians so that books among students can be shared. There has always been a reading corner in our class, but since this semester, books have been transferred to students' desks. First, children's reading atmosphere has formed, and students can recommend books to each other. Then there is the relatively heavy learning task of grade six, in order to reduce the workload of librarians. In addition, organizing students to post famous sayings and epigrams in class, such as "ideal books are the key to wisdom", "books are still medicine, good books can cure fools" and "reading is like writing", can more effectively stimulate students' enthusiasm for extracurricular reading and make them realize the importance of extracurricular reading. In addition, organizing students to run wall newspapers and blackboard newspapers regularly can also cultivate students' habit of reading more books and reading good books. In short, the class teacher can make full use of various conditions and tap the source of books, which can not only expand the reading scope of students, but also create a reading atmosphere full of humanistic atmosphere and stimulate students' interest in extracurricular reading.

Class reading communication meeting is also an important form for primary school students to form an extracurricular reading atmosphere among their learning partners. The main methods are: first, guide students to read a book recommended by teachers or classmates for a period of extra-curricular time, and then let students and teachers discuss the book freely for a period of concentrated time, or exchange some students' feelings after reading. Can make reading a game-like childhood life.

In addition, the display of reading notes, the recitation of wonderful poems, and the use of film and television works to carry out film and television theme activities are all good ways to create a reading atmosphere, which can stimulate students' interest in extracurricular reading and urge them to regard extracurricular reading as a spontaneous and eager self-behavior.

Second, reasonable choice, guide primary school students to choose suitable extracurricular reading materials.

When reading, primary school students often don't know how to choose among all kinds of books around them, which one to read and how to read. If our teacher doesn't pay attention to these problems, students will easily lose interest in reading. I once saw a fifth-grade pupil holding a hundred-dollar bill, buying Angry Birds Raiders, Decline of Cat Xiaole and a comic book Laughing at Campus in a bookstore. I have asked many parents which books they will choose for their children, and six or seven out of ten people will proudly answer, "Of course, only buy classics." When you ask further: What is a classic? They usually list the following books: Qian Zi Wen, San Zi Jing, Hundred Family Names, Four Great Classical Novels, Andersen's Fairy Tales and Grimm's Fairy Tales. These are some books that our parents in China are willing to buy for their children. When they talk about these books, their expressions are like buying a bag and a LV brand with guaranteed quality. This seems to be an infallible choice. In fact, our teachers have this tendency more or less. Of course, classics must be read. The question is whether they are willing to read them. To arouse students' interest in reading in this era, just like hotel dishes, fish and meat were good dishes in early years. Now it is not only a traditional dish, but also constantly introduces new special dishes to attract customers. By the same token, our teachers and parents usually doubt and reject the works of current writers and books beyond our reading experience, but rarely "try" them before deciding whether to buy them, nor do they reflect on whether the "classics" in our minds have covered all the "classics" or just a drop in the ocean. So I think we should pay attention to the following points when guiding primary school students to choose suitable extracurricular reading materials.

Pupils have the psychological characteristics of strong curiosity and good performance. They are eager for mystery, adventure and excitement, and admire wisdom, courage and vitality. At the same time, my cognitive level and acceptance ability are limited. Therefore, in addition to recommending the series of works by writers such as Yang, Cao Wenxuan and Shen, I also carefully selected the classic children's books that students like according to these characteristics, such as Charlotte's Web, Two Wan Li under the Sea, The Adventures of Pinocchio and The Adventures of Boast. I can recommend "The Tree of Love" and "A Leaf" for grade one or two. Speaking of picture books, I have to say something more. In fact, I used to be biased against this kind of picture books. I think my children should say goodbye to such books when they go to school. Some time ago, I changed this view in a lecture given by Teacher Wu Lin. I brought the electronic version of Dear Little Fish, which is one of the books recommended by her. Please look at (multimedia) these seemingly. They will like these books, and they will gradually like the feeling of reading. With this feeling, are they still worried that students will not read the classics or quintessence we admire? These children's literature books are not only extracurricular reading materials that meet children's psychological and cognitive development level, but also can promote their perfect development, purify children's spiritual world, open their hearts and stimulate their lifelong cultural yearning.

Third, teaching methods to guide primary school students to master the correct reading methods.

Zhang Zhidong once said: "Reading is meaningless and futile." Primary school students' extracurricular reading is characterized by strong individuality, randomness and small controllable factors. Therefore, teachers should guide students to learn reading methods and cultivate good reading habits.

1. Strengthen communication in and out of class and broaden reading channels.

First of all, we should make full use of teaching materials, guide reading methods and broaden reading channels. In teaching practice, I often take textbooks as the starting point to expand students' reading horizons and broaden their knowledge in a planned way. For example, taking New Glass as an example, students are arranged to read similar articles and materials related to the text before teaching. Students swim in the sea of knowledge, their interest in learning increases greatly, and they compete to speak in class. For example, a classmate said, "I want to make such a house." It can fly, dive and rush out of the universe to find a new world. " Some students said, "I want every family to install a smart door lock." Information such as the appearance, voice and fingerprints of each member of the family can be easily identified by inputting it into the computer. As soon as the owner touches the door lock, it will automatically open and ignore others. "All kinds of ideas, such as gurgling spring water, gush out. On the basis of classroom study, students will read original works or similar books, so that their knowledge can be exchanged vertically and horizontally.

2. According to different styles, conduct classification guidance.

The reading methods of various extracurricular reading materials are different, and different reading methods should be adopted according to different styles. According to the age characteristics of primary school students, I give classified guidance on how to read comic books, fairy tales, fables, stories, novels, popular science books, excellent compositions and children's newspapers and periodicals. For example, guide students to read children's newspapers and periodicals, and adopt two methods: browsing and close reading. Guide students to have a comprehensive understanding of newspapers, get a general understanding of what news and articles are available, and then choose important, fresh and interesting intensive reading. It also teaches students how to collect materials, cut and paste, write abstracts and make cards according to topics.

3. Pay attention to skills training and cultivate reading methods.

I pay more attention to strengthening the guidance of reading steps and methods, and guide students to read an article in three steps: the first step is rough reading, which requires students to understand the main content and simply repeat it. The second step is to read carefully, understand the main content, and understand the author's thoughts, feelings and expressions. The third step is to be familiar with reading and write reading notes.

Fourth, clear the class type, the type of extracurricular reading class (transition: the guiding process of extracurricular reading is a process in which students gradually form their own reading ability and habits under the guidance of teachers. Generally speaking, there are the following types of extracurricular reading guidance courses. )

(A) recommended reading classes

This class is to recommend all kinds of useful extracurricular reading materials to students in a lively way according to their reading ability and foundation. From the content point of view, you can generally read the original text extracted from Chinese textbooks or other works of the author in the textbooks, which can not only increase students' reading interest, make them feel cordial when reading, but also help to deepen their understanding of what they have learned.

How can we teachers expand the reading space according to the text, make full use of Chinese texts to expand extracurricular reading in teaching, and make the texts in teaching materials become a bridge to extend students' extracurricular reading? I did this. For example, after attending The Cricket House, I introduced the life of the author Fables and his insect story to the students, telling them that there are more insect secrets in the book, which aroused the students' interest in reading after class. Many students in the class brought Insect Tales to read carefully. Learn to borrow an arrow from a straw boat. After understanding the content of the text, introduce the related content of Battle of Red Cliffs, another wonderful battle in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, such as "borrowing from the east wind, taking risks, deviant, and linking tricks". After learning the text, you can also lead students to read the fragments describing the borrowing of arrows by grass boats in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, and compare them with the text to feel the charm of ancient Chinese. These expansions have stimulated students' desire to read The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Students may not have read all the books, but they can read through them to get the general idea or read their favorite chapters. In short, it is beneficial to open books. If the corresponding reading class is arranged in time, the effect will be better. For another example, I have been taking the exam for six years now. The 23 lessons in this Chinese textbook are The Last Elephant in War, written by Shen, who is known as the king of animal novels in China. I am going to take the opportunity of learning this text to recommend his literary works to students, and arouse their understanding and pursuit of truth, goodness and beauty with their true feelings about the animal world. I wonder if you have noticed that literary works like The Last War Elephant account for an increasing proportion in our Chinese textbooks, which gives our teachers a greater opportunity to find the combination of classroom teaching and extracurricular reading and recommend reading materials to students. As long as it is properly grasped, it can not only deepen students' understanding of the content of the text, but also allow students to roam freely in the vast world of extracurricular reading and increase their extracurricular knowledge. Why not do it!

If you take out a class separately, the reading recommendation class is mainly to introduce students to extracurricular reading materials for them to choose from. The main methods are: recommendation and content introduction of books and articles; Teachers' recommendation should be combined with students' recommendation, and unified recommendation should be combined with decentralized recommendation. For example, as mentioned earlier, I went to Changchun in March to listen to Wu Lin's unique views on foreign children's books and picture books in her lecture, which benefited me a lot. When I came back, when I told my teacher about my study experience, I introduced some books recommended by her and of course recommended them to my classmates. That's what I said in the recommendation class. Teacher: There is a book called Charlotte's Web, which is a hymn about life, friendship, love and loyalty! A fairy tale proudly ranked first in the "Top Ten American Children's Literature Masterpieces"! A classic that was born 52 years ago. Teacher: You see, this is Charlotte's Web, which makes countless people who have read it unforgettable. The writer is a white American. This book consists of 22 chapters and 65438+ ten thousand words. This is a story about a little spider and a little pig. It is written for children and adults. The New York Times Book Review said: This is a book about friendship, but also about love and protection, adventure and miracle, life and death, trust and betrayal, happiness and pain. This is almost a perfect and incredible masterpiece. Some readers said, "This is really a treasure book. I think in an ideal world, there should be only two kinds of people, one who has read Charlotte's Web and the other who can read Charlotte's Web. Today, let's walk into it and the fairy tale world together. I recommend new books in a concise and attractive way. In this way, I recommended this best-selling book to my classmates. After class, the clever spider Charlotte and the simple pig Wilbur walked into the children's inner world, even their lives. This semester, the children entered the sixth grade. When I talked with them about graduation a few days ago, when I talked about the friendship between classmates to cherish forever, one classmate said emotionally that the teacher had a friendship called Charlotte and Wilbur. I think the author White will be very pleased if he can hear it.

(2) Reading Method Guidance Course

As the name implies, the course of reading method guidance is a course that systematically and purposefully teaches students reading methods. The purpose is to enable students to master systematic and scientific reading methods, form habits and abilities, and finally achieve "autonomous learning". This type of course has its reality and pertinence, and it is set for students who study hard but get nothing, or just watch the fun, or just out of curiosity, and a lot of reading has little effect. There are several reading methods for reference.

1. The third reading method

Browsing and extensive reading for books and newspapers that are easy to understand or of low reading value, we can get a general understanding of their main contents through browsing and get more valuable information in a limited time.

Exploratory fast reading. In order to achieve a specific purpose or complete a task, such as seeking the answer to a question and collecting knowledge in a certain aspect. This requires "one eye and ten lines".

Taste intensive reading. For famous works and excellent works with beautiful literary quality, read carefully, understand the idea, ponder the layout of the article, appreciate the beautiful words, chew slowly, and turn the essence into your own knowledge and nutrition.

2. Don't move pen and ink, don't read.

Draw a circle sketch and make comments. That is, use relevant symbols to record your views and feelings when reading books or articles.

Write reading notes. Can be used to extract, compile an outline, and write ideas.

Make cards. In order to facilitate memory and accumulation, write famous aphorisms, wonderful fragments, beautiful words and wonderful sentences on cards, carry them with you and read and recite them at any time.

Re-creation includes continuation, expansion, abbreviation, rewriting and other forms. Rewriting also includes changing person, rewriting method, changing genre and so on.

Step 3 think while reading

Through various forms of special training, such as summarizing the content, retelling the original text, experiencing thoughts and feelings, and combing the context of the article, we will gradually master the thinking methods such as analysis, generalization, comparison, synthesis and association, and achieve the realm of promoting thinking by reading and writing by reading. Generally, it includes the guidance of special reading methods, students' reading exercises, and talking about gains.

(3) Reading Appreciation Course

This kind of class is to let students express their favorite and most interesting parts of the book through expressions, music recitation, recitation fragments, aphorisms and performances, so that everyone can appreciate the article on the basis of further understanding and be influenced and infected by beauty. Reading appreciation course is to let students actively participate in the reading process, participate in discussion, inquiry and cooperative learning, master scientific and flexible learning methods in learning, gradually form Chinese ability, be inspired in thinking, be infected and edified in thinking, and cause * * * emotionally. Forms can be divided into genre appreciation, writing technique appreciation, content and theme appreciation, etc. The process is roughly as follows.

1, carefully choose to read the text. Reading texts should be short and pithy, close to students' life, with lively language and flexible forms, which students love. For example, Cao Wenxuan's "Grass House"

2. Read the assigned article first. Students mobilize their existing Chinese knowledge and skills to understand, analyze, appreciate and evaluate articles.

3. Then there is the stage of free discussion. Discussions can be held at the same table or in groups of many people. The form of discussion is eclectic, which can be free-style or central speech. Teachers can first identify some topics and let students discuss them around. In the discussion, we should adhere to the principle of paying equal attention to language training and thinking training, mobilize students' knowledge accumulation and life accumulation, and have a spiritual dialogue with the author.

4. Students speak on the stage. Students should be encouraged to put forward different opinions and create a situation to speak freely.

Our teacher should always affirm the highlights in the discussion, correct the existing problems, and also put forward some important issues in the article to make students rethink. The teacher's summary is not only a powerful ending to the current class, but also a preparation for the next reading appreciation class, thus making this class lasting.

(4) Reading Analysis (Comment) Course

The purpose of this course is to guide students to understand the main contents of the book, learn to summarize and sort out the knowledge, and master the reading methods of different genres of works. In the course of works analysis (criticism), students are asked to use different ways to comment, say feelings, talk about experience, talk about writing, express opinions, analyze content and evaluate significance according to different types of reading materials. Taking the reading materials of remembering people and writing things as an example, guide students to sort out the main plot of events according to the sequence of events, and then think about the author's writing purpose and analyze the relationship between people and events according to the main content of the article, so as to inspire and analyze (comment) the ideological quality of the characters in the book and get education from it. Read students' favorite science fiction story, guide students to sort out the scientific knowledge in the book first, and then understand how the author skillfully introduces the knowledge to readers through association and clever conception. Improve your ability to lay out articles in comments.