Suizhou culture

Suizhou is one of the earliest birthplaces of the Chinese nation. As the hometown of Shennong, Yan Di, it has opened a 5,000-year farming civilization in China; As the hometown of chime music, Zeng Houyi's chime unearthed in Suizhou 2400 years ago rewrote the history of world music, and Suizhou was awarded the honorary title of "Hometown of chime in China" by China Musicians Association. Suizhou is a famous historical and cultural city in China. Yandi Shennong, the ancestor of the Chinese nation, was born in Lishan Town, Suixian County, Suizhou City. He cultivated, planted grains, tasted herbs and prospered trade, which created the farming civilization of the Chinese nation. On April 26th of the lunar calendar, the birthday of Emperor Yan Shennong, a large number of Chinese at home and abroad come to seek their roots and ask their ancestors every year. Therefore, Suizhou Lishan has become a holy place for Chinese at home and abroad to seek their roots and ancestors. Suizhou is a famous historical and cultural city in China. The large-scale complete set of chimes unearthed from Leigudun in western Suizhou shocked the world and rewritten the history of world music. Known as one of the eight ancient wonders of the world.

Tomb of Zeng Houyi and Suizhou

1in the spring of 978, Suizhou City, Hubei Province broke a news that caused a sensation in the whole country and even the world: a large wooden tomb in the early Warring States period, the tomb of Zeng Houyi, was excavated at a place called "Leigudun" two kilometers west of the city. A large number of exquisite cultural relics have been unearthed in the tomb, many of which have unique shapes and exquisite craftsmanship.

The mascot "Chuchu" of the 8th China Art Festival in 2007 is based on the deer crane.

Suizhou Zeng Houyi's chime performance was first broadcast:1When it was unearthed in 978, archaeologists tried to chime bells in a repair shop in Suizhou. 1978 On the Army Day, Zeng Houyi's bell, which had been silent for more than 2,400 years, rang in the auditorium of an artillery division stationed in Yunnan.

Second performance: 1984 In order to celebrate the 35th anniversary of the founding of New China, performers from provincial museums are specially authorized to go to Beijing with chimes to play China's ancient music "Moonlight on a Spring River" and composers "Chu Shang" and "Ode to Joy" for ambassadors from various countries in Beijing Zhongnanhai Huairentang.

Third performance: 1997 When Tan Dun, a famous musician, composed a large-scale symphony "Heaven and Earth" to celebrate the return of Hong Kong, the bell rang again with the special approval of the state.

In 2008, I cheered for the athletes of Beijing Olympic Games and played music.

In the 1980s, the replica of the chime was played many times a day in the auditorium of the Provincial Expo, and received many heads of state such as former Singaporean Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew, former British Prime Minister Heath and former German Chancellor Kohl. Since the establishment of 1983, the chime orchestra of Hubei Museum has composed more than 100 songs, performed more than 1600 times a year, and traveled to more than 20 countries and regions. More than 600 million people enjoyed the chime in various ways, and guests from more than 50 countries and regions listened to the chime performance in China.

The chime sounded the sound of Suizhou and felt the "eighth wonder of the world".

On the afternoon of July 20 12, all the reporters of the 4th National Online Media Bank of "Central Pivot New Hubei" came to Suizhou City in northern Hubei for a field interview. Suizhou is the youngest prefecture-level city in China approved by the State Council.

Shennong and Suizhou in Yan Di

According to archaeological excavations, an ancient human lived and worked in Suizhou 5000-6000 years ago. 1June, 957, a stone tool made of quartzite was collected by the cultural relics investigation team of Hubei Provincial Cultural Management Association in a mountainous area about 5 kilometers away from Suizhou City. After expert appraisal, it is confirmed that this stone tool is paleolithic. This is the earliest Paleolithic relic found in Hubei and even the Yangtze River basin.

Suizhou is rich in Neolithic sites and cultural relics. According to incomplete statistics, more than 50 Neolithic cultural sites and more than 3,000 Neolithic cultural relics have been discovered in recent years. Among them, the famous sites are Xihe Xiyuan Site and Sanligang Lengpiya Site.

Xihe Xiyuan Site is about 20 kilometers away from Suizhou City. The site is divided into two layers. The lower layer cannot be excavated on a large scale because it dives below the water surface. Judging from a few unearthed relics, it has been confirmed that its cultural connotation is similar to Yangshao culture in the Central Plains. The upper layer is the Qujialing cultural layer. Five building foundations have been dug on this floor, all of which are piled up with braised clods, with wooden bones and mud walls and thatched roofs. A large number of rice husks, pits, adult tombs, children's urns and coffins, stone knives, shovels, axes and spears used by people at that time, as well as a large number of painted pottery pots, cups, bowls, pots, pots, retort, hollow pottery, jade beads and other household appliances and handicrafts were also found.

Sanligang Lengpiya site is located about 40 kilometers southwest of Suizhou. Not only stone tools such as stone axe, stone knife, stone sickle and stone arrow were unearthed in the site, but also sand pottery, marl pottery, mud polished black pottery, especially painted eggshell black pottery, and a large number of red clods containing rice shells were found. According to expert analysis and appraisal, its cultural connotation includes Qujialing culture in the Central Plains and Longshan culture.

Suizhou has a long history. According to the Book of Rites, Zuo Zhuan and other documents, Suizhou was Shanshi Lie in ancient times, and the ancestor of the Chinese nation, Yan Di Shennong, began in Lieshan. Five thousand years ago, Emperor Shennong of Yan Di "farmed, grew grain and tasted medicine" here, which started the prehistoric farming civilization. As early as the Western Zhou Dynasty more than two thousand years ago, seals were made here. In Zuo Zhuan, there is a saying that "the country of Han and East China grows together with it". Every year on April 26th of the lunar calendar, Suizhou will hold a grand and warm "Shennong Festival in Yan Di, Lieshan, Hubei, China" to commemorate the birth of the ancestor of China. On this day, overseas Chinese organizations such as the Lieshan Clan Association all over the world will send delegations to participate in festivals.

(1) The birthplace of Shennong

According to a large number of documents, Shennong was born in Lieshan. "Mandarin Lu" said: "Once upon a time, there was a world in Shanshi Lie, and its son Zhu Yue could cultivate hundreds of crops and vegetables." "Twenty-nine Years of Zuo Zhuan Zhao Gong" also said: "There is a son of Shanshi Lie, Zhu Yue, who worshipped him since the summer." The expression in the Book of Rites Sacrifice Law is basically the same: "Li Shan's family has the world, and his son is a farmer, who can plow hundreds of valleys; The decline of summer, Zhou abandoned it, so I thought it was millet. " It has been fully proved that Lieshan and Lishan are actually one person, and their son Zhu or Nong is Shennong. Lieshan is probably the ancestor of Shennong. It can also be said that the first generation of Shennong set fire to the wasteland, or people named the mountain, or the mountain was named after people. In short, there is no doubt that Shennong began in Lieshan.

In the Tang Dynasty, Xiao Deyan's "Expanding Records" recorded: "Lishan is in the north of Suixian County, Suizhou, and there are caves in Shandong. Yesterday Shennong was born in Li Xiang, the so-called Lishan family, and Guo Li in the Spring and Autumn Period. " ? The Records of Yuanhe County compiled by Li Jifu in the late Tang Dynasty records: "Sui County, an old county in the Han Dynasty, belongs to Nanyang County. That is, with the national city, it has not changed in the past. ..... Mount Li, also known as Lieshan, is one hundred miles north of the county. " "Book of Rites" said: Shan Li's, Yan Di also; It started in Lishan, so it is called Lishan. "Records of Yuanfeng Nine Domains edited by Cun Wang in the Northern Song Dynasty records:" Suizhou: Shennong Temple, in Licun. " In the Southern Song Dynasty, Miro's History of Tao recorded: "Shennong Well is located in Laishan (that is, Lishan). As the old saying goes, one well takes it, and all eight wells move, so people dare not move. Today, the only cave is the shade beside the big tree, which is where the club is established. " Li Xiang, in the north of Zhou Zhou, is now called Lishandian, as recorded in the Annals of Hubei Province, edited by Zhang Xuecheng in Qing Dynasty. ..... also cloud lai township, so lai also. There is Shennongshe. "

All the above records show that Shennong was born in Lishan, which is located in the northern part of Suizhou today. Shennong was born in Lishan, Suizhou, and it is true that several generations live under one roof.

(2) The birthplace of Yandi Shennong after reunification.

Although the historical fact of the unity of Emperor Yan and Shennong was formed in ancient times, the concept of great unity was not formed until Qin and Han Dynasties.

The scholar who first pointed out the birthplace of Emperor Yan Shennong was Zheng Xuan, a famous Confucian scholar in the Eastern Han Dynasty. According to Cai Mo's comments on Shanshi Lie and his descendants in Guoyu Luyu and Zuozhuan Twenty-nine Years of Zhao Gong, Zheng Xuan participated in the theory that Yan Di and Shen Nong were one in Qin and Han Dynasties. When commenting on similar records in the Book of Rites, he regarded Li Shanjia or Shanshi Lie and Yan Di as one person: "Li Shanjia, Yan Di also. From Lishan, or Shanshi Lie ". Because Zheng Xuan thinks that Shanshi Lie (Shennong) and Yan Di are one person, his birthplace is naturally in one place. Soon after, Wu took the lead in responding to Zheng in the Three Kingdoms period. Commenting on the words about birds in Guoyu Luyu, he said, "Shanshi Lie is also the name of Emperor Yan. From Lieshan. " "Li (Sacrifice) Law" takes Lieshan as the calendar mountain. Because the pre-Qin classics only recorded the birthplace of Shennong (Shanshi Lie), but not the birthplace of Emperor Yan, Zheng Xuan and Zhao Wei decided that the birthplace of the combination of Emperor Yan and Shennong was Lieshan.

The remains of Emperor Yandi Shennong are the most common in the middle reaches of Hanshui River, a tributary of the Yangtze River, and Lishan Mountain in Suizhou is the most concentrated. According to legend, Gucheng County was named after Yan Di Shennong tasted grains, and Shennongjia was named after Yan Di Shennong tasted herbs. As for Lishan in Suizhou, there are Shennongdong, Shennongfu, Shennongjing, Shennonghui and other relics.

Sui Wendi, Sui Wendi and Suizhou

Suizhou's "Sui" originated in the Western Zhou Dynasty, when it was "a country of Han and Dong, which grew with it". At that time, Sui was a vassal state, which was under Chu, with Chen, Cai, Tang and other countries nearby. Since the Western Zhou Dynasty, the ancient place name Sui has been handed down.

"Sui Shu" Volume 50 "Biography of Pang Huang" Cloud ... Gaozu went out to be the secretariat of Suizhou, crossing Xiangyang, and Wang Wei made [Pang] ostentatious Gaozu. ..... "The" Suizhou Secretariat "here is the" Suizhou City "located in the north of Hubei and the south of Tongbai Mountain. When Emperor Wu of Zhou acceded to the throne, Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty "moved to Zuoxiao Gongbo". Out of Suizhou secretariat, holding the general. After being ill for three years, staying around day and night is called pure filial piety. When Yuwen Hu was in power, he was particularly jealous of Gaozu and was often hurt. General Hou Fu and Hou Shou are not protected. Later, he attacked Sui Gong. " It should be noted that the "Jue" here is the "Jue" of Yang Zhong, the father of Yang Jian in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. It is no exaggeration to say that Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty made his fortune in Suizhou. Since the Qin Dynasty, all "vassals" have their own fiefs and their own vassal kingdoms. The fief of Emperor Wendi's father, Yang Zhong, is in Suizhou, and his son can get the support of the people in Suizhou, which is the factor of "harmony between people". His title was also named "Suizhou". In the same year, Suizhou was changed to Suizhou. In the history of China, the unified dynasty is the only time to remove the words of state and county names and change them into country names. )。

On Jiazi Day in February, 58 1 year, Zhou Jingdi announced his abdication with a letter from Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty. Yang Jian resigned himself to his fate and entered the palace from the imperial court. As a gift, the emperor was located in Guang Lin Hall, with the title Sui, so he changed his name to Emperor Wendi Sui.

At the beginning of the Sui Dynasty, the local administrative system was reformed. According to the principle of "the province is more than enough, and the small one is bigger", the three levels of states, counties and counties in the Northern Dynasties were changed to two levels of states and counties, and in the third year of Yang Di's great cause (607), states were changed to counties. Suizhou was renamed Han Dong County, which governs Lingshui, Tushan, An Gui, Shunyi, Guanghua, Linping, Shangming and Tang Cheng. However, the Sui Dynasty was short-lived, and the position and development of Han Dong County in the Sui Dynasty had not been fully revealed.

Ouyang Xiu and Suizhou

Ouyang Xiu, a native of Luling (now Yongfeng, Jiangxi), was born in Mianzhou (now Mianyang, Sichuan) on June 2 1 this year. In the third year of Dazhong Xiangfu, Ou Yangxun died in Taizhou (now Taizhou, Jiangsu) at the age of 59. Zheng, 29, came to Suizhou with his 4-year-old son Ouyang Xiu and took refuge in Ou Yangxun's younger brother Ouyang Ye. Ouyang Ye has been a magistrate (judge) in Suizhou for 25 years. He is honest, especially honest and self-reliant. Ouyang Ye's behavior had an important influence on young Ouyang Xiu. Ouyang Xiu's mother, Zheng, was born in a famous family in Jiangnan. She often uses reeds as pens and writes on the ground to teach her son. This is why the story of "drawing books" comes from this.

Ouyang Xiu lived in Suizhou for 18 years. It can be said that Suizhou is the cradle of Ouyang Xiu's fame and family, where he learned the milk of wisdom. From the age of 4 to 22, this is the most unforgettable period in life growth. For Ouyang Xiu, the Lee's East Garden in the south of Suizhou is unforgettable. Lee's Paradise is the garden of his good friend Lee. Ouyang Xiu left Suizhou at the age of 22, and went to Suizhou to visit his uncle Ouyang Ye 20 years later, so that he had a chance to revisit his hometown in Li Dongyuan again. When old friends met, they were filled with emotion. When they returned to Luoyang, the capital of Beijing, he wrote the story of Li's East Garden, which has been handed down for ages, to express his attachment to Suizhou. He said affectionately, "Don't give it to your hometown if you are humble, but how can you forget it after giving it to your hometown for a long time?" Suizhou, located at the junction of Hubei and Henan, is a gathering place of North and South cultures, which is characterized by eclecticism and coexistence of various arts. Taking drama as an example, Han Opera and Chu Opera, which reflect Chu culture, have a wide audience in southern Suiyuan, and Quju Opera, Yuediao Opera and Henan Opera, which express Central Plains culture, also have a broad market in northern Suiyuan. The unique Suizhou Flower Drum Opera is deeply loved by Suizhou people. At first, Suizhou ancient painting opera was a folk tune, and some folk artists sang and danced with a small drum on their backs. Later, it developed into a folk tune in which people sang in winter and everyone helped to beat gongs and drums. Up to now, Shennong Temple has a village drum competition every year, and also absorbed the opera tunes of West Road Flower Drum and North Road Flower Drum. Suizhou Huagu Opera has gradually formed a vocal art with rough, mixed, Liang Shantiao and colored tones as the main features. Most of the contents reflect the love between men and women, oppose feudal ethics, attack the poor and love the rich, and praise fairness and honesty. But some low-level absurd dross coexist. Another feature of Suizhou ancient painting drama is that if necessary, people will promise in the background that the emperor never appears in front, which embodies the characteristics of ancient painting drama as a small drama of the working people at the bottom. After the founding of New China, especially after the establishment of 1956 professional Huagu Opera Troupe, the repertoire was greatly enriched, and more than 40 sets of traditional plays, new historical plays and modern plays were arranged and performed. 1985, the newly-edited historical drama "Chu Zhuangwang" was first put on the screen by the Central News Recording Film Studio, which promoted Suizhou Huagu Opera to the whole country.

Suizhou folk literature and art, with folk music, folk dance and folk art as the main body, is a very valuable cultural wealth in the treasure house of Chinese culture. Common forms of folk literature and art include dragon lantern, bench dragon, lion, dry boat, stilts, drum writing, Taoist sentiment, suona, folk songs, chant and so on. Especially Suizhou (one person sedan chair, one person dragon bar, Kirin) shows the charm of local artistic characteristics.

Single sedan chair is a popular folk performance form in Suizhou and its surrounding areas. The performer carries a long bamboo piece on his back, which is tied with a sedan chair cover, and the bearers perform under the sedan chair. It should be performed by both men and women. Performers standing on drums or music rhythm, coupled with love, humor and funny hilarious plots, can produce strong artistic effects. Dragon pole is made up of long and short Chinese fir poles crossed in zigzag. Two people carry the pole, and one person supports the back of the pole. Most of the performers in the front pole dress up as corrupt officials and have a urinal tied to their chests with bamboo sticks. With the flashing of the pole, the wings of the corrupt official's black hat swung up and down, and the urinal swung to the corrupt official's chest from time to time, which was ridiculous and reflected the working people's mockery of the feudal rulers. This kind of performance can be performed in one or more groups.

Folk call it: the shoulder pole is a sedan chair, which looks funny, not a real sedan chair, but a joke. Kirin means that performers stretch their hands upward and close their heads to form a somersault, drawing human or animal faces on their bellies, drawing a nose on their midbellies with their breasts as their eyes and navel as their mouths, and tying a black skirt (meaning a beard) around their waist to play with a group of children, reflecting an artistic situation in which people and animals live in harmony. At the opening ceremony of 1993, tens of thousands of Chinese and foreign guests feasted their eyes and watched the successful performance.

Yan Di Shennong Legend (Suizhou City, Hubei Province, Shennongjia Forest Area) and Ancient Painting Drama (Suzhou City, Huaibei City, Xuancheng City; Suizhou City and Macheng City, Hubei Province; Yueyang County, Shaoyang City and Changde City in Hunan Province were included in the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage lists. six directions―north

Among the10.5 million pieces of cultural relics, there is also a bronze ware with a chime that was later named "Liuhe" by experts, which is unique among the cultural relics unearthed at home and abroad so far, and "Liuhe" has also been designated as the symbol of its own city by Suizhou City.

Le du Xuan feng

Suizhou City, Hubei Province, which is known as "the capital of ancient music" because of the unearthed large-scale series of chimes and chimes, should naturally have its own geographical indications. Thus, the "Ledu whirlwind" came into being. The sculpture covers an area of nearly 1 000 square meters, and the main sculpture is 1.6 meters high. Taking bronze as the main material, through the abstract deformation of ancient chimes and chimes, a spiral "Ayane" based on chimes and chimes is created, which shows the rich historical and cultural connotation of Suizhou and is a metaphor for the music whirlwind that rises with the rotation of Chu ancient music. The surface of the sculpture is decorated with figures and symbols of Chu culture and art; The base is mainly granite, supplemented by patterns such as knitting.