Weak current engineering of intelligent building?

To measure the modernization level of urban buildings, the design form and intelligence of buildings are two main aspects. The weak current system of intelligent building is mainly composed of the following systems:

(1) communication network system;

(2) Office automation system;

(3) Establish equipment monitoring system;

(4) Automatic fire alarm and linkage control system;

(5) Public safety system;

(6) Structured wiring system;

(7) Weak current power supply and grounding system.

The starting point of weak current engineering design of intelligent buildings should be based on buildings, with various functional systems configured to provide people with reasonable, efficient, comfortable and convenient environmental space and meet the needs of modern buildings. From the specific design, we should start from the actual nature of the intelligent building, fully consider the various functional needs of the owners and users, make the design as modern as possible in the overall structure, technologically advanced and practical, and economically reasonable, and at the same time consider the compatibility and expansibility of various systems of the intelligent building.

Shanghai Marriott Hotel, located in Hongqiao New District, Shanghai, is a five-star hotel integrating hotels, exhibition halls and offices. It covers an area of more than 22,000 square meters and has a building area of more than 40,000 square meters. The hotel is 8 stories high and 2 floors underground. The whole hotel is divided into three parts: A, B and C. Part AB is the lobby and guest room floor of the hotel, and part C is the exhibition hall and office building.

The following are some systems about the weak current project of Shanghai Marriott Hotel: public broadcasting paging system, antenna TV system, internal wireless paging system and telephone communication system in the communication network system; Automatic fire alarm and linkage control system; Closed-circuit television monitoring system, burglar alarm system and garage management system in public safety system; The design of structured wiring system and weak current power supply and grounding system.

1, public paging system

Hotel broadcasting and paging systems are divided into two categories. One is the public address system in public areas (such as lobby exhibition hall and hotel front desk service area). ), usually play background music, and you can switch to emergency broadcast in case of fire or emergency. The other is the broadcasting system in the office meeting area and garage area (in some special areas and grand banquet halls, professional broadcasting equipment should be set up separately).

Composition of public address paging system

The design of public broadcasting paging system mainly considers the following factors: system mode (generally choose pressure type), division of broadcasting area, determination of loudspeaker and power amplifier according to loudspeaker characteristics, switching function of emergency broadcasting, broadcasting line and stair mode, etc.

The broadcast system of Marriott Hotel is divided into four logical partitions (namely, hotel, exhibition hall, garage and office building), in which 19 corresponds to emergency broadcast and 19 corresponds to internal call. The principle of determining the loudspeaker and power amplifier is to consider the broadcasting effect of the loudspeaker and determine the power amplifier according to the power. Marriott Hotel chooses 6W ceiling speakers with good appearance, high frequency response and sound pressure index in the hotel front desk service area and office building.

The public address paging system should have two main functions, namely, ordinary background music or ordinary broadcasting and emergency broadcasting. The emergency broadcast master controller has the highest logical priority. When the fire trigger signal arrives, the emergency broadcast master controller of Marriott Hotel switches the corresponding load circuit to the corresponding emergency broadcast circuit by starting the logic control module of each partition. Usually, when there is no fire signal, each partition runs independently, and the corresponding loop is switched to the ordinary broadcast loop. When there is no ordinary broadcast control signal, it is in the state of background music or room sound.

2. * * * Equipped with CATV and satellite receiving system.

The wireless TV system in intelligent building is a part of meeting people's functional needs. The system is not only used to receive radio and television, but also used to transmit self-broadcast programs and FM broadcasts.

As the design of CATV system in intelligent building, the system should fully consider ensuring the level of users, solving the problem of weak field intensity viewing, and ensuring the quality of image transmission and the source of programs. The main part of CATV, namely the front-end equipment of the system, directly affects the quality of the whole system, so the output of the front-end system should have a high quality to meet the level required by the distribution system.

The front-end equipment of Marriott Hotel adopts amplification-hybrid mode, and its transmission system adopts distribution-branching mode to adapt to the characteristics of large number and irregular distribution of hotel user terminals. The transmission bandwidth of the hotel system is (5 ~ 860 MHz) * * 40 sets of TV programs can be transmitted, and the transmission system covers 530 TV user terminals.

On-site installation and debugging of satellite receiving system is an important link. The received, demodulated and modulated satellite signals are mixed into the front-end part of the * * * wireless TV system and sent to all user terminals through the transmission and distribution system. Marriott Hotel has adopted a set of plate satellite TV receiving antennas to receive *** 10 sets of TV signals from different TV satellites.

Marriott Hotel has established a VOD video-on-demand service system, which serves as the front desk of the hotel for program control and signal service, and as the background management for information recording, inquiry and charging, program addition and modification, and information service.

3. Internal wireless paging system

It is very important to use advanced paging system in the signal management part of intelligent building. The wireless paging system of Marriott Hotel adopts microcellular paging technology. Microcellular paging system is a special paging network that uses cellular technology to realize constant field strength. This is a one-way communication system for use inside buildings. The system consists of wireless paging control center, microcellular transmitting unit, data transmission line and paging receiver.

The paging control center is located in the basement of the hotel and connected with the program-controlled telephone exchange of the hotel to realize the extension paging or manual keyboard paging of the exchange. The paging signal is sent to the cellular transmitting unit on each floor through the line, and then sent to the outside, so that the receiver within the field strength coverage can receive the paging signal.

There are two problems in the design of intelligent building paging system. One is the interference of internal signals to signals outside the building, and the other is the paging "blind area" inside the building. Using wireless microcells, the field strength coverage is controlled in the range of 10 ~ 50m. Using cellular networking technology, a paging system with limited spatial field strength is constructed in the three-dimensional space of the hotel. In addition, any wireless communication system can be designed through the arrangement of micro-cells, and the wireless field strength can be distributed in a limited range by adjusting the power of the transmitting unit (10 ~ 100 MW).

In intelligent buildings, due to the inherent shielding effect of building materials (reinforced concrete structure), the paging signal level cannot be connected, resulting in a "blind zone" or "weak zone" after penetration loss (it is necessary to increase and adjust the transmitting units to achieve the required field strength).

4. Telephone communication system

The telephone communication system of Marriott Hotel consists of switching equipment, transmission system and terminal equipment. The hotel adopts 1200 program-controlled switching equipment, and the telephone console is powerful. Digital program-controlled switch can realize various service functions such as system function, flow function and user extension function according to the different needs of the hotel, and also has selection functions (including wireless paging, that is, connecting the paging host through the switch to realize paging function, and hotel management such as check-in, flow billing, status input, bill printing and card reading).

The hotel's telephone room is located in the basement, including transmission room, switching room and telephone room.

Hotel telephone wiring is independent, characterized by small fault range, simple maintenance, expansion and transformation, and the telephone wiring on each floor is radial. Hotel telephone lines use 3 types of 4 pairs of twisted pairs, and telephone terminals use RJ 1 1 sockets, which not only has high call quality, but also can meet the needs of users for dial-up Internet access.

In the selection of telephone junction box on each floor, we should leave as much room as possible for future expansion.

5, fire alarm and linkage control system

The intelligent fire control system of Marriott Hotel is a complete fire safety and alarm system. It is divided into four subsystems: fire detection system, central control system, fire alarm system and fire linkage system.

The central control system is located in the fire center on the first floor of the hotel and consists of three sets of intelligent fire control panels. Each set of intelligent fire control panel has 10 monitoring loops, and each loop can be equipped with 99 intelligent probes and 99 monitoring modules. Three sets of control panels actually control more than 2700 inspection points and modules (including office buildings) in 28 channels. The intelligent fire protection system communicates and monitors all modules of the whole system through the central processor, and displays the fault status by feedback. Once the system detects the fire alarm signal, it can automatically execute the program and notify all the people in the hotel through the fire alarm system. The system can confirm the alarm signal, and the sensitivity of smoke detector can be set to day/night sensitivity conversion mode according to different occasions in the hotel.

As the eyes of the fire fighting system, fire detectors are distributed in all protected parts of the hotel. Address smoke detectors are set up in the front desk service area and guest room floor of the hotel; Set a smoke detector in the background management area; Set temperature sensing probes in the kitchen and garage; Set gas detector in gas meter room. A reliable fire detection system consists of addressable intelligent probe, manual alarm and control module.

The fire alarm system of the hotel consists of area alarm display panel, alarm bell, acousto-optic alarm and control module. Hotel fire linkage system includes:

(1) Monitor the water flow indication and pressure switch of the water pipes of the sprinkler system on each floor, and start the sprinkler pump and the pressure stabilizing pump.

(2) The fire hydrant directly starts the fire pump.

(3) Monitoring of fire shutter doors, smoke exhaust fans and booster fans.

(4) System control such as air conditioning system monitoring.

6, closed-circuit television monitoring system

The starting point of the design is to provide comfort and security for the hotel by adopting the increasingly perfect public security management facilities with modern technology.

The CCTV monitoring system of Marriott Hotel consists of camera detection device, image transmission and control equipment and image processing and display equipment.

7, anti-theft alarm system

Infrared or microwave technology signal detectors are used for directional protection in important places such as hotel valuables warehouse and financial accounting room, and some doors of the hotel are equipped with door magnetic alarm protection. The above alarm signals are transmitted to the security center in wired form. This is an important technical measure for hotel technical defense.

8. Vehicle import and export management system

In modern architecture, the comprehensive management of garage is becoming more and more important. The second floor of the hotel is a garage, and its underground garage integrated management system includes IC card reader, electric railing, vehicle controller, dynamic computer display screen and so on.

9. Structured cabling system

As the foundation of intelligent building, structured wiring is a new concept wiring system, which is used to serve all communication and computer equipment in the building and meet the current and future wiring requirements.

The design should be based on the current and planning requirements of intelligent buildings. In Marriott Hotel, telephone communication is not classified as structured wiring in the design, because as a hotel, the boundary between voice and data terminals is obvious and the location is not easy to change. In addition, from the technical and economic point of view, the bandwidth of Class 3 cable is 16MHz, and it can transmit low-speed data below 10Mbps, so it is a cheap and effective language transmission medium.

The structured wiring of Marriott Hotel is the structured wiring of computer management system. The computer management system of the hotel is divided into administrative local area network system and cash register system (POS). There are more than 500 terminal information points in the front and back of Marriott Hotel. The information terminals of the administrative LAN are distributed in the underground office area and the hotel backstage administrative area on the first to third floors, and the information terminals of the cashier system are distributed in the front desk service area on the first to third floors of the hotel.

Hotel structured cabling is divided into four subsystems:

9. 1 Workspace subsystem part

Through the distribution box on each floor to the information terminal on each floor. It consists of 5 kinds of 4 pairs of twisted pairs and RJ45 terminal sockets. This part has the characteristics of anti-interference, reliability and flexibility.

9.2 Trunk subsystem part

Multimode optical cable is used to connect the hotel computer room with the distribution box on each floor (that is, the main distribution frame is connected with the distribution frame on each floor). The transmission speed of multimode optical cable can reach more than 500Mbps, and it has enough bandwidth, which can leave enough space for the future development of wiring system.

9.3 Management subsystem part

It consists of junction boxes on each floor. The front desk service and back-office management area of the hotel are large, and the number of information terminals is widely distributed. The main computer room is located on the first floor. Considering that the maximum distance of the information terminal of each layer of junction box does not exceed 100m, junction boxes (optical cable/twisted pair adapters, hubs, twisted pair jumpers, etc. ) are set in the front desk service and background management area of each floor.

9.4 Inter-equipment subsystem

It consists of equipment and trunk lines located in the computer room.

10, weak current power supply and grounding system

The weak current power supply system of intelligent building must be reliable, stable and anti-interference. Among them, computers and external equipment, fire alarm equipment and communication equipment belong to the first-class electrical equipment load, and the terminal power supply of the dual power supply is automatically switched off. Configure independent UPS equipment for terminal computer equipment.

In the weak current project of Marriott Hotel, the automatic fire alarm system, computer administrative local area network and cashier system are all powered by dual power supply terminals. The power supply of the dual power switch cabinet comes from two transformer low-voltage circuits and 1 diesel generator in the hotel distribution room.

Each system of the hotel weak current project is controlled by an independent distribution box.

Grounding of weak current system is an important part of weak current system.

In order to reduce interference and protect equipment, the weak current grounding system must be grounded separately. In the weak current grounding of Marriott Hotel, all weak current grounding systems are connected by outdoor grounding piles with copper core wires larger than 25mm2.

1 1, conclusion

The weak current engineering of intelligent building involves a wide range and is highly technical, so it is necessary to have a global view in the design.

With the development of high technology in modern society, the technical requirements for weak current engineering, computer control communication and equipment automation management of intelligent buildings are getting higher and higher, which requires constantly mastering new technologies and constantly improving the design.

Creating an intelligent building with reasonable investment and comfortable environment is imminent.

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