How was the tomb of Cixi stolen?

Sun Dianying, a warlord, robbed the Qing tombs in 1928.

Sun Dianying, whose name is Kui Yuan. Most people call him Sun Laodian, and because of smallpox on his face, he is also called Sun Mazi. Sunjiazhuang, Yongcheng County, Henan Province. When I was young, I lost my father and my mother doted on me, and I developed a mischievous character from an early age. As a teenager, he started fooling around with local hooligans, frequented casinos and soon became a famous gambler. He is also an opium dealer and the leader of the "Temple Fair Road". 1922, when Wu was in Luoyang, he ordered the arrest of drug dealer Sun Dianying. Unable to gain a foothold in Luoyang, Sun had to flee to Shaanxi to escape. When he was dealing drugs, he got to know the head of the first mixed regiment of the Yu Army in the western Henan Garrison and the official assistant of the Lilac Ridge Department, so he got an adjutant position in the Garrison, and soon he was promoted to the company commander of the machine gun and actually became an officer. Later, he took advantage of the opportunity of the direct army in western Henan to go to the front line during the second direct war, led mutinies in Jiaxian, Yuxian and Linru counties, and collected bandits and temple fairs, which was quite influential for a while. /kloc-in the spring of 0/925, Sun Dianying and other gangsters were recruited by Han Yuchun, and Sun was appointed as the brigade commander of the Fifth Huncheng Brigade. Later, he was transferred to Ye Quan, deputy commander of the third army and commander of the second division, as brigade commander and promoted to commander. After meeting with Sun Dianying, Zhang Zongchang, a Shandong military and political chief with a background of bandits, appreciated Sun very much and appointed him as the fifth division commander. Under the wing of Zhang Zongchang, Sun Dianying Department gradually developed into a rogue military group. 1in the spring of 926, Zhang Zongchang and Li joined forces to counterattack the national army. Sun Dianying led his troops to attack Xu Yongchang, the third army of the national army, and made great achievements for Zhang Li. Zhang Zongchang reorganized Sun Bu into the 35th Division of the Zhili-Shandong Allied Forces, and later expanded the establishment, and Sun served as the commander. While the allied forces were losing ground, Sun Dianying, who was good at have it both ways, changed course and took refuge in Xu, then commander of the Sixth Army of the National Revolutionary Army, and Sun was appointed commander of the Twelfth Army, raising the banner of the right sky.

1928 It was a chaotic year when warlords were fighting, the country was poor and the people were poor. Sun Dianying, a miscellaneous army that did not belong to the Kuomintang regular army, was particularly valued by Chiang Kai-shek, and the expenses of Sun Department were deducted. His officers and men have not been paid for half a year, and their morale is fluctuating, and desertion often occurs. If oversight doesn't allocate food money, I'm afraid there will be more desertions and even the danger of mutiny. The grim situation of the army forced Sun Dianying to fight against the "antidote". Suddenly, an evil idea sprouted in his mind-"going to rob the tomb!" "

Another reason that prompted him to rob the tomb was what he saw and heard about the destruction of Dongling. At that time, the 12th Army of Sun Dianying was stationed in Zunhua County, Hebei Province. Since Dongling built its own mausoleum, there has been a mausoleum-guarding organization. There are mausoleum-guarding personnel, flag soldiers, and green camp personnel, as well as Zongren House and does not undertake all the affairs of the mausoleum respectively. However, since 19 14 (the third year of the Republic of China), the area within Dongling Hongdui was placed under the jurisdiction of the Qing Dynasty, and Lingwei declared to the Qing Dynasty that it was allowed to reclaim land for a living in the name of no salary. Since then, the destruction of land and trees in Dongling has gradually escalated. 192 1 year, Cao Rui, the governor of Zhili (now Hebei Province), sent a delegation to seize and confiscate all Tian Fengyi's property in Dongling area and set up a reclamation bureau in the name of investigating and dealing with the owner of Tian Fengyi's shop who bought ling trees. At this point, Dongling completely fell into the hands of Beiyang warlords. In fact, the Bureau of Reclamation and Planting is an organization that openly and illegally cuts down trees in tombs. Dongling mausoleum trees have been illegally cut down many times, and "one tree" and "sea tree" have been illegally cut down. In the past, lush green hills became bare when they arrived at 1928.

What's more, the ground buildings in Dongling were stolen and demolished by warlords and local aborigines. First, the bronze nails, bronze characters and other bronze ornaments in the temple were stolen, and then all the rooms, sill frames and windowsills in the temple were removed. 1927, Hui Fei's tomb was stolen and her jewelry was looted. Huifei's body was abandoned outside the coffin. /kloc-in the winter of 0/927, Yue, commander of the 28th Army, went to Malanyu to recruit bandits, with local Ma Futian as the head. 1June, 928, Ma Futian led the troops from Baoding to Luanxian. Knowing that Malanyu was empty, he led the troops to occupy Malanyu in the middle of the night and changed the flag of the national army. Ma Futian has always been restless, and he has long coveted the treasure of Dongling, but he just didn't have a chance to do it. When Sun Dianying was stationed in Zunhua County, it was common to see a large number of timber of Dongling Temple being demolished along the way, and Sun Dianying felt itchy.

Sun Dianying found Xu, commander-in-chief of the corps directly under his superior, and told him about his difficulties. Xu is also a gambler. Ignoring Sun's complaints, he spread out his hands and said with a sigh, "Commander-in-Chief Jiang is also short of money, and he has to deal with the * * * production party, which costs a lot. I hope that the brothers will focus on sincere unity and endure for a while. "

Sun Dianying passively said something beautiful, such as "understanding the above difficulties", and then gathered to Xu's ear and confidentially told his men that someone suggested digging a grave to raise money. Hearing this, Xu was surprised at first and then calmed down. He also thinks this is a good opportunity to make a fortune, but he also knows the stakes. He didn't say yes or no. Sun Dianying was secretly pleased to see this, but the commander-in-chief did not object. This is the default setting. So he decided to take a chance.

Sun Dianying called several teachers to discuss, and of course several teachers actively agreed. 1At the beginning of July, 928, the notice of 12 Army suddenly appeared on the wall of Malanyu street intersection, which said that from now on, Dongling will hold military exercises, and civilians are forbidden to enter, and residents in the exercise area are ordered to move out as soon as possible, otherwise they will not be responsible for any accidents. Who dares not to move out when people see the notice? Even the flag bearer guarding the mausoleum left the mausoleum area. Sun Dianying, afraid of revealing secrets, set up guards around the cemetery, forbidding any outsiders to enter, and spread rumors that there were mines around the cemetery. In this way, no one dares to go near Lingqu again. At the same time, Tan Wenjiang, commander of the Eighth Division of Sun Dianying Department of Mashenqiao, led his troops to attack Ma Futian Department of Malanyu. After several hours of fierce fighting, the horses were exhausted and the team broke up.

Later, Tan Wenjiang and brigade commander Han Dabao led the engineering battalion and other departments to dig graves in Dongling. On July 4th, the Dingdong Mausoleum of Putuo Valley in Cixi was first excavated. The engineering barracks dug all over the mausoleum for two days and two nights but failed to find the entrance to the underground palace. Sun Dianying was in a hurry, so he sent someone to find the local land keeper. Di Bao is a small landowner in his forties. When he heard that he was going to be a "staff officer" for stealing the imperial tomb, his face was sallow with fear and his legs trembled. But he couldn't afford to provoke the commander, so he had to say, "The mausoleum is so big, I don't know the specific location of the mausoleum. Let's ask some old flag bearers nearby! " This reminded Sun Dianying that he immediately sent someone to invite five or six old flags. But these old people don't know the entrance to the underground palace. Sun Dianying thought they refused to tell the secret. At first, he was coaxed, and gradually lost patience. He whipped with a whip and branded with a soldering iron. How can the old man stand this torture? Two died in less than half a day. One of them really can't stand this crime. He told us that a stonemason had participated in the construction of the mausoleum, and maybe he could remember the location of the underground palace.

In order not to let outsiders know the entrance to the underground palace, craftsmen who built tunnels-the last project of the ancient imperial tombs-were often executed. So how did this stonemason survive? This is a miracle. It turned out that it was an accidental opportunity that saved his life. At that time, when Cixi was buried, 8/kloc-0 craftsmen were selected as the last closed tomb, and the masons were told that they could dig another tunnel first to get out. Craftsmen know very well that this is just a scam passed down from generation to generation. Now that we are left behind, we can't get out alive. The stonemason was over 40 years old. A few days ago, he heard a letter from a villager saying that his wife had given birth to an only child, but he was so happy that now he was asked to stay without looking at his son. When he was moving a stone, he was distracted and slipped. A big stone hit him and he fainted on the spot. The supervisor, who was busy at that time, thought that he was dead, and was afraid that he would defile the gold coupon (that is, the bedroom), so he had it dragged out and thrown on the barren slope. Masons woke up to find that they were not at the mausoleum site, and ran home desperately in surprise, so as to save their lives.

In the middle of the night, Jiang masons were suddenly invited to Dongling by several soldiers. He was in a daze and didn't know what had happened. Sun Dianying said to Jiang, Please show me the entrance to Cixi's bedroom, and I will take you back. The masons realized what was going on, and they were so scared that they cramped their calves and sat down in chairs. The mason thought, how can I betray my ancestors? Sun Dianying lured him with gold ingots and gold bars, but the masons kept silent. Sun Dianying was angry and ordered his men to move in the instruments of torture to prepare for torture. Instead, he thought, if the masons can't stand the torture and die, where can they find the entrance to the pyramid-shaped mound? So there was no torture. Sun Dianying slapped the table: "Mama of, don't tell? Grab your son, I'll skin him! " This move is really clever. Before Sun's men went out, the masons plopped down on their knees.

Under the guidance of masons, the entrance to the tomb was found, but the crossing was blocked by multi-layered granite, and the stone was cemented with tung oil glutinous rice lime slurry, which was really seamless and more difficult to chisel than natural rocks. The battalion commander of the engineering battalion called two barrels of nitric acid water and tried to open the stone barrier by erosion, but it still didn't help. It was midnight, and the officers and men who dug the tomb were so tired that they collapsed on the ground. Sun Dianying a look nasty, simply call men shipped explosives, on the fuse. Just listening to the deafening noise of "boom, boom", a big hole was blasted in the tomb of Cixi, and suddenly there was a "whoosh"-a musty smell gushed out of the tomb, scaring the officers and men straight back. "Mama of, don't hurry down!" Sun Dianying shouted. So the officers and men who dug the grave walked down the grave trembling with lanterns, and Sun Dianying roared again: "Shit, no one is allowed to mess around, and I will shoot him if anyone messes around!" He also ordered Mr. Tan to block the tomb door with a row of soldiers, and whoever dared to abscond with the treasure would be killed.

These officers and men entered the underground palace through the pyramid-shaped mound in fear, but the jewels on the stone table sparkled, just like the scene after open sesame in the Arabian Nights. These bandits, who were not paid for half a year, were released from a hungry prison, and they scrambled to grab the sacrificial treasures on the table. But they were insatiable. They split Cixi's coffin with knives and axes, and it was filled with gold, silver and jewels. The bandit soldiers swarmed again, pouncing on the coffin and plundering all the treasures inside. During the looting, Cixi's body was dragged out of the coffin; In the struggle for the treasure of the body, the body was torn apart and terrible. Three officers killed each other for treasure and died in the underground palace. The bandit soldiers found another hole when they pried open the coffin, and then they took all the treasures in the hole.

After the tomb of Cixi was stolen, Sun Dianying ordered the excavation of Yuling in Qianlong. The excavation method is the same as before, and the entrance to the tomb is also opened with explosives. During the Qianlong period, the underground palace was more magnificent, and its body had rotted, leaving only hair and ribs. After the bandit soldiers went in, they also robbed the treasure of Ganlong's coffin. Later, Sun Dianying wanted to rob the Xiaoling Mausoleum of Shunzhi, because he heard that the emperor shunzhi had become a monk in Wutai Mountain before his death, and the coffin in the mausoleum was empty, so he didn't do it. So I'm going to dig the Jingling of Kangxi, and I'm going to start work. Unexpectedly, yellow water flowed out of the ditch under the stone and then flowed out like a waterfall. There was more than two feet of water on the ground in an instant, so I didn't do it. On July 1 1 day, after seven days and seven nights of crazy looting, Sun Dianying returned home with a full load and went to the west.