What parts does the Summer Palace consist of?

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What parts does the Summer Palace consist of?

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Anonymous user 2013-10-14

The Summer Palace was originally the residence of the emperors of the Qing Dynasty Harmony Garden, formerly known as Qingyi Garden, is composed of three mountains and five gardens (the three mountains refer to Wanshou Mountain, Xiangshan Mountain and Yuquan Mountain. There are three gardens, Qingyi Garden, Jingyi Garden and Jingming Garden respectively on the three mountains, in addition to the nearby Changchun Garden. It was the last garden built in the Yuanmingyuan Garden and the Old Summer Palace (collectively known as the Five Gardens). It was started in 1750 and completed in 1764. It covers an area of ??290 hectares and the water surface accounts for about three-quarters. Before Qianlong succeeded to the throne, four large royal gardens had been built in the western suburbs of Beijing. These four gardens from Haidian to Xiangshan were self-contained and lacked organic connections with each other. The "Wengshan Park" in the middle became an empty area. . In the fifteenth year of Qianlong's reign (1750), Emperor Qianlong spent 4.48 million taels of silver to renovate this place into Qingyi Garden in order to honor his mother, Queen Xiaosheng. With this as the center, the four gardens on both sides were connected into one, forming what is now Tsinghua University. From the garden to Xiangshan, there is a 20-kilometer royal garden area. In the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860), Qingyi Garden was burned down by the British and French forces. In the 14th year of Guangxu (1888), Empress Dowager Cixi used taels of silver in the name of raising naval funds (according to expert research, it should be 5 to 6 million taels of silver). Lei Tingchang, the seventh generation descendant of Shi Lei, presided over the reconstruction and renamed it the Summer Palace. , as a summer recreation spot. In the 26th year of Guangxu (1900), the Summer Palace was destroyed by the "Eight-Power Allied Forces" and many treasures were looted. It was restored in the 29th year of Guangxu (1903). Later, it was destroyed again during the warlord war and the Kuomintang rule. After 1949, the government continued to allocate funds for repairs. On March 4, 1961, the Summer Palace was announced as one of the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. In November 1998, it was included in the "World Heritage List". Heritage List". On May 8, 2007, the Summer Palace was officially approved by the National Tourism Administration as a national 5A tourist attraction. In 2009, the Summer Palace was selected as the largest existing royal garden in China by the China World Records Association. The Summer Palace has many of the best in the world and the best in China.

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What are the components of the Summer Palace?

The Summer Palace is located in Haidian District, Beijing. It was originally a palace garden of the Qing Dynasty. Qingyi Garden was built in the fifteenth year of Qianlong's reign (1950). At that time, the Qing Dynasty was in its prime, so skilled craftsmen from all over the country were gathered and a huge amount of silver was used to build the garden. In the 10th year of Xianfeng (1860), the garden was destroyed by the British and French forces. In the 14th year of Guangxu (1888), Cixi misappropriated naval funds to rebuild it and renamed it the Summer Palace. The whole garden covers an area of ??about 290 square meters and is mainly composed of the palace area, Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake. It has both lakes and mountains, as well as garden scenery. There are more than 3,000 palace and garden buildings of various forms in the park. The buildings of different styles are both self-contained and interconnected. At the same time, they cleverly borrowed the Xishan Mountain and Yuquan Mountain as the background to harmoniously integrate the artificial buildings with the natural scenery. As a whole, it can be called Huang Fan's work of my garden art. The East Palace Gate was changed to the main entrance when Cixi was renovating the Summer Palace, and it began to enter the forbidden area of ??the imperial garden at that time. The east palace gate has five bays, with three bright and two dark styles.

The central gate was exclusively for the emperor to enter and exit, while the princes and ministers entered and exited through the gates on both sides. Eunuchs, military personnel, etc. could only pass through the gates on the north and south sides. There are two rows of north and south rows of court rooms outside the palace gate, which are used as resting places for ministers when summoned. There are north and south rows of rooms on the left and right of the palace gate, where Jiuqing Yamen handles affairs with the palace. Entering Renshou Gate from the east gate, you are faced with a stone peak as a screen. Behind the stone peak is the nine-bay Renshou Hall, which is the center of the political activity area in the Summer Palace. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty (1936-1795), it was named Qinzheng Hall. It was rebuilt during the Guangxu period (1875-1908) and renamed. It is the main hall where Cixi and Guangxu sat in power and listened to politics. Renshou Hall is also the place where Cixi holds banquets on her birthday. Four banquets are usually held in this hall, with spectacular pomp and complicated etiquette. The expenditure on manpower and material resources is unparalleled in the world. Qingyi Garden is a group of halls extending in all directions. It was originally a place where Emperor Qianlong visited his garden and rested. After reconstruction in the 18th year of Guangxu's reign, it became the palace of Emperor Guangxu. The main hall is Yulan Hall, with two side halls in the east and west. The east is called Xiafen Room and the west is called Lotus Champs. After the failure of the Reform Movement of 1898 in the twenty-fourth year of Guangxu (1898), Cixi imprisoned Guangxu here. Dehe Garden is located in the north of Renshou Hall and is mainly composed of Yi Le Hall and Grand Theater. It is a place specially designed for Empress Dowager Cixi to watch plays. Cixi was a theater fan. Every year, she sang operas in this garden for three days during the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first lunar month, the Dragon Boat Festival on the 5th day of May, the Hungry Ghost Festival on the 15th day of July, the Mid-Autumn Festival on the 15th day of August, and Cixi's birthday on the 10th day of October. The Grand Theater was built in the 17th year of Guangxu (1891) and was the largest theater in the country at that time. Facing the Yi Le Hall, it has three floors with double eaves and angled corners, 21 meters high, and the bottom stage is 17 meters wide. There are underground wells connecting the three levels of stages, which can express various scenarios such as being born as an immortal, descending to the earth, or entering the earth. There is a well pool in the basement of the ground floor stage, which can spray water features from under the stage. The two-story theater building connected to the south is a huge backstage. The famous Peking Opera actors Tan Xinpei and Yang Xiaolou in the late Qing Dynasty all performed for Cixi here. The five rooms in the north of Yi Le Hall were the places where Cixi rested and smoked duck cigarettes while watching the opera. Leshou Hall is located in the west of Dehe Garden, facing Kunming Lake in the west, with the inscription "Shui Mu Zi Qing" on its forehead. The black background gold plaque of "Leshou Hall" is written by Emperor Guangxu. In front of the hall is the pier where Cixi sailed. The west inner room of the hall is Cixi's bedroom, and the east inner room is the dressing room. The main hall is equipped with a throne, royal desk, palm fan, screen, etc. The east and west side halls are the duty rooms for the female officials and maids who serve her day and night. The apse is where she stores her clothes and decorations. The courtyard of Le Shoutang is planted with magnolia, crab apples, peonies and other flowers and trees, which means "Yutang is rich and noble". Among them, magnolia is the most precious. There is a purple magnolia - Xinyi in the backyard, which is a rare treasure. These flowers and trees were transplanted from the south of the Yangtze River by Emperor Qianlong and have a history of more than 200 years. Six kinds of objects, including copper deer, copper cranes and copper bottles, are placed on the left and right of the main hall steps, which means "Liuhe Taiping". The corridor is a winding corridor built along the southern foot of Wanshou Mountain and along the northern shore of Kunming Lake. It starts from Yaoyue Gate in the east, ends at Shi Tai Pavilion in the west, passes through Paiyun Gate in the middle, and is symmetrically decorated with four double eaves and octagonal pointed pavilions on both sides: Liujia, Jilan, Qiushui and Qingyao, symbolizing the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter. It also lines and supports the corridor at a certain distance. The corridor is 728 meters long and has 273 rooms. It is the longest corridor in Chinese gardens. It connects the various buildings in the front mountain like a brocade belt. It winds between the mountains and rivers and plays a role in leading the lakes and mountains. role. Walking along the corridor, the scenery outside the corridor moves with each step, which is dizzying. Each beam in the corridor is painted with exquisite traditional color paintings. There are more than 14,000 paintings of landscapes, figures, landscapes, flowers and birds. They are gorgeous and rich in content, so the corridor is also known as a gallery. At that time, Qianlong and Cixi sent people to paint the West Lake realistically, and then moved it to the corridor. Now, starting from the first color painting "West Lake Panorama" in the Yingyue Gate, the corridor has different paintings on the front and rear beams. West Lake scenery. There are more than a thousand semi-circular paintings inside and outside the corridor depicting landscapes, flowers, birds, characters, etc. The stories of the characters include the three emperors and five emperors in ancient times, as well as the princes and ministers of the Qing Dynasty, spanning five thousand years. Appreciating these colorful paintings is like reading a historical masterpiece that records the vicissitudes of life, an all-encompassing picture of style. The Qing Banquet Boat is located at the west end of the corridor next to Shizhang Pavilion. It is 36 meters long, has two floors, and is entirely carved from huge stones. The two-story cabin is of wooden structure, but both are decorated with marble patterns. The boat was built in the 20th year of Qianlong's reign (1755). Its predecessor was the release platform of Yuanjing Temple in the Ming Dynasty. After the boat was renovated, it was the "Buddha Bathing Day" on the eighth day of April every year. Qianlong accompanied his biological mother, the Empress Dowager Xiaosheng, to release lives here. The Chinese-style cabin of the Qing Banquet was burned down by the British and French forces. In the 19th year of Guangxu (1893), it was converted into a Western-style cabin and served as a place for Cixi to drink and have fun.

Wanshou Mountain, formerly known as Jinshan Mountain and Wengshan Mountain, is a remnant of Yanshan Mountain, with an altitude of 108.94 meters. It is majestic and majestic. With the Buddhist Incense Pavilion as the center, it forms a huge main building complex, which is majestic, graceful and luxurious. From the "Yunhui Yuyu" archway at the foot of the mountain, through Paiyun Gate, Ergong Gate, Paiyun Hall, Dehui Hall, Foxiang Pavilion, to the Sea of ??Wisdom at the top of the mountain, a central axis is formed that rises layer by layer. On the east side are the "Zhuanlunzang" and "Wanshou Mountain Kunming Lake" stone tablets, and on the west side are the Wufang Pavilion and the bronze Baoyun Pavilion. The hills and ravines at the back are undulating, quiet and profound, and full of wild scenery. In the vast expanse of lush jungle, there are magnificent Tibetan Buddhist buildings such as the Four Continents and the colorful glazed pagodas. There are also pavilions and pavilions on the mountain such as Jingfu Pavilion, Chongcui Pavilion, Shuqiuxuan, Tingli Pavilion, Huazhongyou and so on. Climbing to the top of the mountain, you can overlook the Kunming Lake. Paiyun Hall is located in the middle of the front mountain of Wanshou Mountain in the Summer Palace and was specially built for Cixi's birthday. The phrase "Pailing Clouds" comes from the sentence "The Immortals Pai Clouds Exiting" in "Youxian Temple" by Guo Pu of Jin Dynasty, which is a metaphor for Cixi comparing herself to the gods and seeking immortality. The Paiyun Hall is built against the mountain with yellow tiles and jade steps. It is the most gorgeous building in the whole garden. In front of the hall are the Paiyun Gate and the Second Palace Gate. On both sides are the four side halls of Zixiao, Yuhua, Fanghui and Yunjin. There is a rectangular lotus pond between Paiyun Gate and Ergong Gate with a Jinshui Bridge. Entering the Second Palace Gate, you will arrive at the Paiyun Hall. There are ear halls on the left and right sides of the main hall. There are multiple roads connected in the middle, with 21 rooms arranged horizontally. Cixi held many "Longevity Celebrations" in this hall. The Kowloon throne, the agarwood longevity characters displayed in the palace, as well as the screen made of ebony produced in Taiwan, were birthday gifts given to Cixi by her servants on her 70th birthday. Today, the Paiyun Hall still retains the furnishings used to congratulate Cixi, as well as the use of partition doors and other patterns that use the word "ten thousand words" to symbolize longevity. Foxiang Pavilion is located in the front hill of Wanshou Mountain. It is built on a 21-meter-high stone platform. The height of the pavilion itself is 41 meters, which is higher than the top of Wanshou Mountain and becomes the central commanding point of the whole garden. The Buddhist Incense Pavilion has three floors and four eaves on eight sides, with yellow glazed copper tiles and green trim on the top. It uses eight large iron pear trees as the pillars and contains three Buddhas receiving seals inside. The entire building has a complex structure and is majestic and solemn. During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, a nine-story longevity pagoda was built here. On the eighth floor, "repairs were suspended due to orders" and the Buddhist Incense Pavilion was rebuilt. It was burned down by the British and French forces in the 10th year of Xianfeng (1860). It was rebuilt in the 17th year of Guangxu (1891) and completed in the 20th year of Guangxu (1894). It cost more than 780,000 taels of silver and was the largest engineering project in the Summer Palace. The Sea of ??Wisdom is located on the top of the Wanshou Mountain. It means that Buddhism praises the Buddha's wisdom as the sea. It is a beamless Buddhist temple composed of vertical and horizontal arch structures. The exterior is decorated with five-color glazed bricks, with gorgeous colors and exquisite patterns, especially the more than a thousand glazed Buddhas embedded in the outer walls of the hall. The hall is dedicated to the Buddha Immeasurable Life. Tingli Pavilion is located in the west of the front mountain of Wanshou Mountain. It was originally a small theater building in Qingyi Garden. It was a place where the emperor enjoyed music and opera. It was rebuilt in the 18th year of Guangxu (1892). Now it is a restaurant, where the tables, chairs, furnishings and menus all have a royal flavor. The north of the ridge of Wanshou Mountain is commonly known as Back Mountain. There is Back Lake at the foot of the mountain. The scenic spot is famous for its tranquility and religious color. Si Dabu Zhou is a group of Potala Palace-style buildings built during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. It consists of four major and eight small continents: Dongshengshenzhou, Nanfanbuzhou, Xiniuhuozhou, and Beijuluzhou, Ritai, Yuetai and four Vatican pagodas of red, green, black and white***18 Composed of buildings. The center is the Xiangyan Zongyin Pavilion, a Buddhist temple that symbolizes Mount Sumeru. In the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860), it was destroyed by the British and French forces. It was partially renovated during the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, and has been extensively restored in recent years to reproduce the scale of the Qianlong period. Kunming Lake faces the front of Wanshou Mountain and covers an area of ??more than 220 hectares. It was once a natural lake. After the Yuan Dynasty established Beijing as its capital, water was diverted into the lake and it became a reservoir for water transportation in the capital city. During the Ming Dynasty, many camellias were planted in the lake, and temples, pavilions and pavilions were built beside the lake, which resembled the West Lake in the south of the Yangtze River, hence the name "West Lake". Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty built Qingyi Garden, developed the lake into its current size, and named it "Kunming Lake". Kunming Lake is divided into three parts by a long causeway, and there are islands in each part. Nanhu Island, located in the southeastern part of Hunan Province, is the largest and covers an area of ??more than one hectare. It is also known as Penglai Island. There are Dragon King Temple, Jianyuan Hall, Hanxu Hall, Yuebo Tower, etc. on the island. There is a 17-hole bridge connecting Nanhu Island and the East Embankment. The bridge is 150 meters long and 8 meters wide. The bridge body looks like a rainbow lying on waves, and there are 17 holes of different sizes under the bridge. The Seventeen-hole Bridge on Nanhu Island and the Octagonal Pavilion building at the head of the bridge form the shape of a giant turtle to symbolize longevity.

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What parts can the Summer Palace be divided into?

The Summer Palace is located about 10 kilometers northwest of Beijing. In the Yuan Dynasty, it was called Wengshan Bo, and in the Ming Dynasty, it was called West Lake.

Yuanjing Temple was built here. Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty dug out lake earth and piled it on the east bank of the lake to form an east embankment to store the lake water. It was renamed Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake. The Dabaoen Lingshou Temple was built on the former site of Yuanjing Temple and decorated with pavilions and pavilions. Named Qingyi Garden. It was destroyed by the British and French forces in 1860. In the 14th year of Guangxu (AD 1887), Empress Dowager Cixi appropriated naval military funds for reconstruction, which lasted 8 years, and was renamed the Summer Palace. The Summer Palace can be divided into two parts: Kunming Lake and Wanshou Mountain. The entire garden covers an area of ??34,000 square kilometers, of which about 1/5 is mountainous, with a mountain height of more than 60 meters. Its layout consists of three areas: government activities, residence, and tourism. The group of buildings from the East Palace Gate to the Renshou Hall is the government activity area. The Hall of Renshou faces the west and faces the east. It does not use glazed tiles to show the characteristics of the palace. Behind Renshou Hall and facing the lake, there are three groups of large courtyards, namely Yulan Hall, Yiyun Hall and Leshou Hall, which are connected with each other. These three places were the living quarters of Guangxu, Longyu and Cixi respectively. The Dehe Garden in the Hall of Renshou is where Cixi went to watch plays. It has a large theater building with a height of 21 meters, a stage 17 meters wide and a magnificent shape. The tourist area is the essence of the Summer Palace and consists of three parts: front mountain, back mountain and Kunming Lake. In the middle of Qianshan, from the Yunhui Yuyu Archway in front of Kunming Lake to the north, there are Paiyun Gate, Paiyun Hall, Dehui Hall, Buddhist Incense Pavilion, and Wisdom Sea, forming the main axis of the whole garden. All buildings are covered with yellow glazed tiles. . The Foxiang Pavilion is octagonal in plan and 41 meters high. It stands on a high platform in the middle of the mountain. The platform is 20 meters high and has figure-eight steps to climb. There are 21 rooms in Paiyun Hall, and the east and west are connected by multiple roads. The Sea of ??Wisdom is a two-story beamless hall decorated with yellow and green colored glaze on the outside, with exquisite little colored glaze Buddhas embedded on the walls. In the middle of the mountain on the east and west sides of the main building complex, two groups of buildings, the Zhuanlunzang and the Tongting Pavilion, are symmetrically arranged. In addition, some scenic and entertainment buildings are evenly distributed on Wanshou Mountain, such as Jingfu Pavilion, Yunsongchao, Huazhongyou, etc. There is a 728-meter long corridor between the foothills and Kunming Lake that runs from east to west, with 273 rooms. There are more than 4,000 Soviet-style paintings on the beams of each room. The back mountain is famous for its tranquility. There is a stream from Yunqiao in the west to Xiequ Garden in the east. There are architectural remnants of the Qingyi Garden era on the hillside and on the water; there are Pine Hall, Xumi Lingjing, Xiangyan Zongyin Pavilion, Four Continents and other buildings south of Beigong Gate. The group base site, and Suzhou Street on both sides of the Houhu Long Bridge. In the lake area, there are Zhichunting, Wenchang Pavilion and Kuuru Pavilion distributed along the east embankment. The largest island in Kunming Lake - Nanhu Island, also known as Dragon King Temple, covers an area of ??about 1 hectare. It is surrounded by stacked stones. The main building on the island is a culvert hall and a terrace in the south, surrounded by carved railings. There is a seventeen-hole bridge in the east of the island connected to the east embankment. The bridge is 150 meters long and 8 meters wide. There are more than 500 stone lions in different postures carved on the guardrail. The West Causeway was built during the Qianlong period imitating the Su Causeway of West Lake in Hangzhou. There are six bridges of different forms dotted between the embankments, among which the Yudai Bridge is the most beautiful. It is built of white marble and bluestone. The bridge is tall and graceful, with a lifelike crane carved on the pillar. The Summer Palace has beautiful lakes and mountains and towering palaces and pavilions. It combines beautiful natural scenery, colorful architecture and outstanding garden art, and fully demonstrates the high degree of wisdom and endless creativity of our country's working people.

5 Views 1062019-08-01

What are the two main parts of the Summer Palace Scenic Area? ( ) and ( )

The Summer Palace Scenic Area mainly includes Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Mountain Two parts of the lake

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What does the Summer Palace mainly consist of?

Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake

94 Views 4982017-11-25

What are the three areas of the Summer Palace?

The Summer Palace. The Summer Palace [1] is located in Haidian District, a northwest suburb of Beijing, 15 kilometers away from Beijing city. It is a large-scale natural landscape garden built using Kunming Lake and Wanshou Mountain as its base, based on the scenery of West Lake in Hangzhou, and absorbing some design techniques and artistic conception of Jiangnan gardens. It is also the most complete preserved royal palace garden, covering an area of Approximately 290 hectares. The Summer Palace is the largest and best-preserved royal garden in my country and one of the four famous gardens in China (the other three are the Summer Resort in Chengde, the Humble Administrator's Garden in Suzhou, and the Liuyuan Garden in Suzhou). Known as the Royal Garden Museum. The main attractions in the garden are roughly divided into three areas: the political activity area represented by the solemn and majestic Renshou Hall, which was the main place where Cixi and Guangxu engaged in domestic, diplomatic and political activities in the late Qing Dynasty. The living area represented by courtyards such as Le Shoutang, Yulan Hall, and Yiyun Hall is where Cixi, Guangxu, and their concubines lived. It is a scenic tourist area composed of Wanshou Mountain and Kunming Lake. It can also be divided into three parts: Wanshou front mountain, Kunming Lake, and back mountain and back lake.

The vast area along the corridor, the back mountain, and the west area is a garden tourist area for emperors and empresses to relax, relax, and have fun. The front mountain forms a huge main building complex with Foxiang Pavilion as the center. On the central axis of the southern foot of Wanshou Mountain, the resplendent Buddhist Incense Pavilion and Paiyun Hall complex starts from the Yunhui Yuyu Archway on the shore of the lake, passing through Paiyun Gate, Ergong Gate, Paiyun Hall, Dehui Hall, and Foxiang Pavilion. , and finally reaches the sea of ??wisdom at the top of the mountain, with multiple corridors and halls, rising cascadingly, running through Qingsuo, and is majestic. The towering Buddhist Incense Pavilion has eight sides and three floors, standing on the mountain and facing the lake, dominating the whole garden. The rippling blue waves of Kunming Lake are spread out at the southern foot of Wanshou Mountain, accounting for about 3/4 of the entire park area. In Kunming Lake, the grand Seventeen-hole Bridge is like a rainbow reflecting the moon on the water. There is a Nanhu Island in the lake, and the Seventeen-hole Bridge is connected to the shore. The winding West Embankment is like an emerald green ribbon, stretching north and south, spanning the sky and the Han Dynasty. There are six bridges on the embankment, graceful and graceful, with different shapes. The three islands of Hanxutang, Zaojiantang and Zhijing Pavilion stand side by side, symbolizing the "fairy mountain on the sea" in myths and legends. Reading and looking at the paintings of farming and weaving, the soft mulberry trees are blowing on your face, and the wind is like a painting. Emperor Qianlong once read and looked at the living paintings of farming and weaving here, which is very rural and waterside