How to express the way of doing business in ancient Chinese?

Duanmu Ci, the originator of Confucian merchants.

Fu Taojia and Zhu Gong Fan Li

Wisdom Shangzu Bai Gui

Lv Buwei, a great businessman who governed the country.

Sang Hongyang, an agricultural genius

Rich as an enemy, Shen Wansan.

Wu Bingjian, the richest man.

Business tycoon Qiao Zhiyong.

Hu Xueyan, a businessman with red top.

Wang Chi, the king of money

Hardware king ye chengzhong

Three brothers of Xue family in Shanxi merchants

Ming Kai Fushangqu

From business to official exhibition Yuquan

Fan Shikui, a unique way

Salt merchants provide wine to Yang Youmei.

Mingxing Li who advocates benevolence and virtue

Li Hongling, a visionary.

Lei Lvtai, the originator of the draft bank.

Wang Haifeng, a clever man.

Shang Hui Zhang Xiaoquan

You can get their deeds by searching their names on Baidu.

The records of businessmen's business books include historical records. Books such as Biography of Huo Zhi, Yu Ion, Miscellaneous Notes of Yan Jingjing, Think Tank, etc. all have records of ancient businessmen.

Ten secrets of ancient businessmen doing business

First, know where to win and choose the place to make money.

Sun Tzu's Art of War said: If you are a topographical person, you will get help from soldiers. Expect the enemy to win, calculate the danger, distance, and go to the general. He who knows this and fights wins, but he who doesn't know this and fights loses. It can be seen that the terrain is important for combat and it is also necessary for generals to observe. Doing business is like fighting, shopping malls are like fighting, businessmen are like generals with thousands of troops, and wise generals often occupy favorable terrain and eventually win the war. As a great strategist in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Fan Li knew this well. From a strategist's point of view, he thinks that pottery is an ideal place for goods trade. So he chose Tao Di as the marketing point. Sure enough, in nineteen years, he became a world-famous woman, and Tao Zhugong's reputation became a household name from ancient times to the present, leaving his name in history. According to Records of Historical Records and Biography of Huo Zhi, after the State of Qin destroyed the State of Zhao, the immigration policy was implemented. At that time, many people bribed officials, refused to move and asked to stay where they were. Only the wealthy businessman Zhuo asked to move to the remote Wenshan. He took a fancy to the fertile land, rich products, simple folk customs, residents keen on buying and selling, and good business development. A few years later, Zhuo became a world-famous rich man. This concept of both serving time and choosing a place was accepted by later businessmen. Yangzhou, Jiangsu, the capital of Huaizuo and the best place for Zhu Xi, is located at the north-south crossroads, with developed transportation, convenient water transportation and frequent cargo exchanges. Its land is rich in tea, salt, silk and silks, and many businessmen come in droves. Once, merchants from the Qin Dynasty and Shanxi Province gathered here to settle down and operate. The famous Huizhou merchants started from here and dominated the rivers and lakes.

Second, buy when it is cheap and sell when it is expensive.

Fan Li and Bai Gui, the ancestor of Shang Dynasty, believed that it was cheap to buy expensive; It's expensive when it's expensive. It is emphasized that businessmen should be good at catching business opportunities, seize opportunities and seize the opportunity to buy and sell. The profit of business comes from the difference between buying and selling. Once you find the right time to buy and sell, you should make a decisive decision like a wild animal. In Wei Wenhou, China people pay attention to farming, while Bai Gui is willing to observe the changes of the times. When the harvest is good, he buys grain and sells silk paint. When silk came on the market, he bought a lot of silk and sold grain. He once said: I am as resourceful in business as Yi Yin and Jiang Taigong; In judgment, it is no less than Sun Bin and Wuqi; In law enforcement, it is no less than Shang Yang. Some people's wisdom can't improvise, their courage can't be decisive, their kindness can't be chosen properly, and their stubbornness can't stick to principles. Therefore, after such a person has learned from me, I will not teach him how to run a business. This passage fully expounds his punctuality and wisdom in grasping the opportunity of buying cheap and selling expensive. Bai Gui's business principles and experience were praised by later businessmen. He used his own business strategy and carefully managed it, so that his family was exhausted.

Third, know from the bottom and predict wealth.

During the Spring and Autumn Period, Gou Jian, the King of Yue, was ashamed of his country's subjugation by snow. He worked hard all day. When he learned of the drought in Wu, he bought a lot of food from Wu. In the second year, Wu was short of food, and people's lives were difficult. The hungry people had no food to eat and complained, so the State of Yue took the opportunity to rise up and destroy the State of Wu. Hard work pays off. The King of Yue eventually became the overlord, ranking among the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period. Here, Gou Jian, the King of Yue, did a great thing. The wealth he created is not a treasure, but the hegemony of a country and the world. It is a successful example of the political application of the merchant's way. According to records, a fire broke out in Lin 'an City in Song Dynasty, which damaged fish ponds. A merchant named Pei caught fire in his shop. Instead of putting out the fire, he lured people out of the city with money to buy bamboo tiles, reed rafters and other building materials. After the fire, everything was in a hurry, and building materials were in short supply in the market. At this time, Pei's businessmen took advantage of the situation and made a fortune, earning dozens of times the value of the store and meeting the needs of the market and the people. Seeing a leopard in a tube, keen observation and accurate judgment are the source of wealth for businessmen, and they are also one of the necessary abilities for businessmen.

Fourth, small profits but quick turnover, no one dares to live expensive.

Ji Ran, a great business theorist in the pre-Qin period, thought that "being expensive is anti-cheap, while being cheap is anti-expensive" and advocated that "being expensive is like dirt, while being cheap is like pearls and jade". Sima Qian once said, "Buy for three dollars, buy for five dollars cheaper", that is to say, greedy businessmen can only make a profit of 30%, and businessmen with small profits but quick turnover can make a profit of 50%. According to "Biography of Li Yu", there are three businessmen dealing in the same commodity in the market together. One of them sold at a reduced price, and there were many buyers. They make a lot of money a year, while the other two refuse to sell at a reduced price, resulting in far less profit than the former. Sean, the counselor of Emperor Gaozu Liu Gang, sold scissors to people during the day and came back to study at night when he was studying in Huangshigong in his early years. Later, he felt that he didn't have enough study time, so he divided the scissors into three classes: upper, middle and lower. The price of first class is unchanged, the middle class is one penny less than the original price and the lower class is two pence less. As a result, it only took half a day, the number of scissors sold was twice as much as usual, the money earned was twice as much as before, and the time spent on study was more than before, so there was a folk proverb: Sean sells scissors-expensive and cheap.

Five, carve red and green, and be a partner with customers.

"Yanjing Miscellaneous Notes" contains: shops in Beijing tell stories, carve red and green, and embroider households with brocade windows. In some shops, signboards are hung high, and colorful brocade lanterns are lit at the door of every house at night, making the streets look like daytime. Some shops hang commodity propaganda calligraphy and painting, celebrity calligraphy and painting, which is arty. In order to sublimate the taste of the store and improve the customer's return rate. There are also some tea shops, restaurants and hotels that specially arrange musical instruments and tell stories to entertain guests. In the noodle restaurant in Hangzhou, Kyoto in the Song Dynasty, as soon as the customer entered the store and sat down, the waiter immediately came over and asked the customer what he needed. He tried his best to avoid making mistakes. Operators are well versed in the luxury of decoration, which reflects the strength of a store. Therefore, the design of the store is all painted columns and carved beams, antique and magnificent, catering to the elegant consumption psychology of dignitaries and ladies as much as possible. During the service, I greeted you with a smile and then went out to doze off. These respectful practices, coupled with noble and elegant decoration, make many customers fall in love at first sight, thus staying and never paying attention again.

Sixth, take righteousness as benefit, pursue righteousness and avoid wealth.

In the Qing dynasty, there was a businessman named Shu Zungang, who was good at calculating and weighing. In his spare time in business, he likes to read four books and five classics and apply the truth in the book to business. He once said: Money is like a flowing spring. He also said: for people, there is a way to make money, taking justice as benefit, not taking benefit as benefit, and the country is like this, and the situation is excellent. Li Dahao, a businessman in Huizhou, warned his successors: wealth follows the Tao, benefits from righteousness, is strict with self-discipline and treats injustice, and wealth is like a cloud. Confucius said: A gentleman loves money and takes it wisely. Righteousness is beneficial, virtue is prosperous, giving up righteousness is beneficial, and losing righteousness is unprofitable. Businessmen should take it as a warning. If there is a good family, there is Qing Yu; If there is a bad family, there will be more disasters. If an operator has long-term rationality and wisdom, he will not use bad and despicable means to make profits; Doing any business by unscrupulous means will eventually lose the profits that have been made.

Seven, good at long sleeves and good at financial management.

"Everything is wrong, five fools" cloud: As the saying goes,' Long sleeves are good at dancing, and more money makes a good wife. This statement is easy to understand. Emphasize a good word here. If the funds are insufficient, we should make good use of them, and the purpose of using them is also to make profits. Only when funds and commodities are constantly circulating can profits roll in. Treat the finished goods, that is, the stored goods should be in good condition, and no corrupt goods can be left behind; Dealing with money is interest-free, that is, money can't stagnate, money should flow like running water, and money and goods can circulate, so trading will live. For example, Shen Kuo in the Song Dynasty said: If the capital of 100,000 yuan is not turned over, it will be 100,000 yuan even if it lasts for a hundred years. If it is circulated through trade, it will benefit millions of people.

Eight, seek victory, seek wealth.

Military strategists often say: the three armed forces should not be surprised, and they should not compete with others for profits. Fighters should win by surprise. Sima Qian's Biography of Historical Records and Huo Zhi said: The way to govern life is also right, and the rich must win by surprise. The book also lists Yongbo, who sells oil, and Zhuoshi, who sells meat products. They all got rich by mastering a skill and dealing in imported goods. So did the scissors shop in Zhang Xiaoquan in later generations. In the Qing Dynasty, a businessman in Cao Shi, Taigu County, Shanxi Province, was surprised to see sorghum grow tall and full of flowers one year. When he looked at it, he broke a few roots and found that there were pests in the stem. So he arranged for a large number of purchases of sorghum overnight. At that time, most people thought that a bumper harvest was in sight, so they reserved a lot of sorghum. As a result, sorghum was bitten to death by pests when it was ripe.

9. Be prepared for the surplus in times of peace.

There is a cloud in the scriptures: be prepared for danger in times of peace, be prepared for danger in times of peace, be prepared for danger in times of peace. There is a saying in Han Shu's "Biography of Xi Kung Fu": Even if the world forgets to fight, there will be a loss. Li Zuli, a businessman, is meticulous and diligent, and the tiny bamboo scraps are worth using. His business started from the day, and his family was burned down. At the end of the Qin Dynasty, a stone merchant asked his family not to drink, eat or eat meat in order to save money until they finished their business. The ancients also recorded business and financial management: business should be diligent, not lazy, laziness will waste everything; Be frugal in spending money, not extravagant, for extravagance will run out of money. It can be seen that businessmen are prepared for danger in times of peace, and diligence is the best. Be prepared for danger in times of peace, and never forget its danger. Less happiness and more troubles will make business people enter a better place. The harvest is not good. Cao Shi businessmen, on the other hand, have made a lot of profits.

Ten, choose people, choose people with sincerity.

Sun Tzu said, "It is the general trend to listen to it for profit and take pleasure in helping others." . Those in power control power for profit. Therefore, a good fighter must seek the situation without complaining, so that he can choose people and create momentum. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there was a businessman named Dao Xian in the State of Qi. Businessmen at that time were generally reluctant to hire people with flexible minds to do things, but Tao used such people specially, giving them rich rewards and full trust and letting them do it boldly. These employees work very hard and well. In the Ming Dynasty, there was a grocery store named Sun Chunyang in Suzhou, which was divided into north-south cargo room, sea cargo room, cured meat room, sauce cargo room and candle room. The ticket seller took a ticket from the counter and sent it to each room. The manager was in charge. A summary every day and a big knot every year. For more than 200 years from the Ming Dynasty to the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, future generations still enjoyed their welfare, and none of them were called Dingdai. Like Suzhou, where there are many shops, Sun Chunyang's grocery business has flourished for more than 200 years. The secret of its success lies in the sincerity of employees and strict store rules. Guizhou businessman Hu Rong was ordered to do business in Jiangxi for more than 50 years. Because he was honest with others, childlike, and famous, he went on strike in his later years and returned to his hometown. Someone asked for a large sum of money to rent his name, but he flatly refused, saying, if he is honest, why is he called by his name? It can be seen that honesty is the virtue of China people.