Looking for some historical deeds in Guizhou`````

Guizhou History

In China, Guizhou is one of the birthplaces of ancient humans, with many ancient human fossils and ancient cultural relics discovered. According to archaeological discoveries, almost all of the major Paleolithic cultural sites in southern China were discovered in Guizhou. This shows that the ancestors of the various ethnic groups in Guizhou have thrived on this land a long time ago and created ancient Guizhou culture in their working lives.

Although Guizhou was founded as a province only more than 500 years ago, judging from the information provided by the literature, the history of Guizhou can be traced back even further. During the Spring and Autumn Period (770 BC - 476 BC), there was the ancient country of Zang Ke (sound zang

ke) in present-day Guizhou, and it had contacts with the Central Plains. After Qin Shihuang unified China (after 221 BC), Guizhou was under the jurisdiction of Bajun, Shujun, Qianzhong County and Xiangjun.

The name "Guizhou" began in the Song Dynasty (960-1127 AD). In 974 AD, the indigenous leader Pu Gui surrendered Juzhou under his control. In the Song Dynasty's imperial edict, there was a sentence: "Guizhou is the only one in the remote wilderness." This is the earliest record of naming this area after Guizhou. In the 11th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1413), Guizhou was officially established as a province. Guizhou is the name of the province.

Guizhou is referred to as "Qian". Part of the territory of present-day Guizhou belonged to the central Guizhou region of the Chu State during the Warring States Period (475 BC - 221 BC). The area was from along the river in present-day Guizhou to the east of the Rongjiang River, including the Tongren area and some counties in southeastern Guizhou. The Qin Dynasty established Qianzhong County here. During the Tang Dynasty (AD 618-907), Qianzhong Road was established in present-day Guizhou, Qianzhou County was established, and Qianzhou Dudufu was established. The history of Guizhou is always inseparable from the word "Guizhou", which was related to each other from generation to generation until the establishment of Guizhou as a province. This is the origin of the abbreviation of Guizhou as "Qian".

Guizhou is an old revolutionary base with glorious traditions. People of all ethnic groups in the province have made important contributions to the victory of the Chinese revolution. In January 1935, the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army moved to the Guizhou Plateau. During the Long March, the Communist Party of China held the "Zunyi Conference" in Zunyi, Guizhou, which was a turning point. The meeting established Comrade Mao Zedong's leadership position in the entire party and army and laid the foundation for the victory of the Chinese revolution.

Reference material: Guizhou Tourist Port

The most gorgeous section on the red ribbon - the Red Army’s Long March in Guizhou

Our reporter Tang Fujing

December 21, 2006 08:19 All message forums with large, medium and small font sizes are closed for printing

Editor’s note: 70 years ago, the Communist Party of China led the Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army to complete the Long March that shocked the world and opened up China The bright path for the revolution to carry forward the past and open up the future has laid an important foundation for the successful advancement of the Chinese revolution.

Guizhou is the turning point, resort and blessing of the Chinese revolution. Guizhou has many of the most vivid memories in the history of the Chinese revolution. At the Zunyi Conference, the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army was able to reverse its wrong political and military lines and begin to independently and correctly control its own destiny. Crossing the Chishui River four times and circling the Wumeng Mountain for thousands of miles, the Red Army used a series of majestic moves to miraculously escape the pursuit of hundreds of thousands of enemy troops...

The mountains and rivers of Guizhou have the footprints of the Red Army. The great spirit of the Long March always nourishes future generations. The rushing Wujiang River and the suddenly circling Chishui River are all sparkling, shining with the eyes of history, watching us move forward; Loushanguan, which is "difficult to open by ten thousand people", and the majestic Qianli Wumeng, are also majestic winds. The formation, sounding the clarion call of the times, urges us to forge ahead; the Zunyi Conference and the Liping Conference, the shining ideas, guide us to pioneer and innovate.

Shi Zongyuan, Secretary of the Provincial Party Committee and Director of the Standing Committee of the Provincial People’s Congress, pointed out at the symposium commemorating the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Red Army’s Long March in our province that Guizhou is still relatively backward in general, with poor conditions in all aspects and a difficult working environment. Under the circumstances, it is particularly important to vigorously carry forward the great Long March spirit.

Look back on history and look forward to the future. On the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Red Army's Long March, the editorial staff of this magazine have sorted out, summarized and compiled this period of "pearls" scattered in the long river of history. This is an attempt by this magazine to interpret the Long March and its spirit.

During this period, we also benefited from the guidance and support of Comrade Cao Anyong, deputy director of the Development Research Center of the Provincial Government, and Comrade Du Qian of the Party History Research Office of the Provincial Party Committee. On this occasion, this magazine would like to express its gratitude to these two comrades. (Planning: Editorial Department of this magazine Execution: Gu Haisong, Tang Fujing, Tan Shilun, Zhang Bo, Liu Kaijin, Zhang Bei Written by: Gu Haisong)

If the Long March is compared to a red ribbon on the earth, this ribbon is the most attractive Where are the wrinkles? The answer is obvious: Guizhou.

In this most tempting fold, from Liping to Zunyi, and from Zunyi to Maotai on the banks of the Chishui River, the Red Army marched all the way. At every turn, the situation changed; at every turn, The outlook is new.

For many years, following the footsteps of the Red Army, groups of travelers revisited the Long March Road on the mountain roads of Guizhou.

Whether they are Chinese or foreigners, they always say the same thing: the Long March in Guizhou is a journey with hidden answers.

What is the answer?

More than 70 years ago, the Chinese Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army marched hard, broke through four blockades, and marched westward to Guizhou.

An existing "Statistical Table of Weapons and Ammunition Supply to Field Army Personnel" in the People's Liberation Army Archives shows that at the beginning of the Long March, the 86,000-strong Central Red Army had 33,244 guns, with an average of less than 56 guns each. Shoot bullets. Plus 6101 spears and 882 sabers. This means that more than half of the Red Army soldiers who embarked on the expedition were unarmed. They faced a large and well-equipped Kuomintang army.

In the Battle of Xiangjiang, which broke through the fourth blockade, only more than 30,000 Central Red Army troops broke through the encirclement. Some people even began to have doubts about the future of the Red Army. Many years later, Liu Bocheng recalled in the article "Reviewing the Long March": "This sentiment reached its climax as our army's defeat became increasingly obvious, and the Battle of Xiangjiang River reached its climax."

The 400,000-strong Kuomintang army, The Red Army had already set up a posture on its way north to western Hunan. The huge sacrifice did not allow the Chinese revolution to get out of the crisis. When the situation was most difficult, the Red Army entered Guizhou.

In Liping, a small town in Guizhou on the border of Hunan and Guizhou, on December 18, 1934, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held the first Politburo meeting during the Long March, rejecting the original march plan and affirming Mao Zedong’s The correct proposition was that he decided to stay away from Xiangxi, where the enemy was heavily stationed, and march to the Sichuan-Guizhou border, thus avoiding the annihilation of the entire army.

Following the Liping Conference, the Houchang Conference once again rejected the erroneous propositions of "no more than the Wujiang River" and "turning back and heading eastward." The Central Red Army quickly maneuvered in areas where the enemy was weak, conquered nine counties, broke through the naturally dangerous Wujiang River, and occupied Zunyi.

The convening of the Zunyi Conference confirmed the correct leadership of the new central government represented by Mao Zedong. This meeting saved the party and the Red Army at the most dangerous moment. It was a life-and-death turning point in the history of the Chinese Communist Party.

After the Zunyi Conference, the Red Army, guided by the correct route, crossed Chishui four times with surprise troops, captured Zunyi three times, and achieved two major victories since the Long March in the Battle of Loushanguan and the Battle of Zunyi; the Red Army, with unprecedented high morale, was approaching again. Guiyang skillfully crossed the Beipan River, threatened Kunming, and jumped out of the enemy's encirclement on the bank of the Jinsha River, finally establishing victory.

The Chinese Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Army entered and left Guizhou several times, leaving behind a thrilling series of examples in military history of the weak defeating the strong. The Long March, an unprecedented feat in the history of human expeditions and military history, had a strategic turning point that began when it entered Guizhou and was completed when it left Guizhou.

After retracing the Long March, the famous American writer Harrison Salisbury wrote in his "Long March - An Unheard Story": "The Zunyi Conference is over, and the Long March Keep going, Mao Zedong is at the helm. China's path - at least for the next half century - is thus determined."

If the Long March is compared to a red ribbon on the earth, this ribbon is the most tempting. Where are the human folds? The answer is obvious: Guizhou.

This is the most gorgeous section of the red ribbon.

In this most tempting fold, from Liping to Zunyi, and from Zunyi to Maotai on the banks of the Chishui River, the Red Army marched all the way. At every turn, the situation changed; at every turn, The outlook is new.

Three cities along the way, a turning point. The historical implications are so profound! Because of the turning point, Liping, Maotai and even the entire Guizhou and the entire Long March road have the same value and charm of thinking as Zunyi.

70 years have passed. Revisiting Zunyi and Guizhou recorded in simple writing by the Red Army generals, between the lines, one can see the pride and unforgettable nostalgia. Chen Yun recalled: "The Red Army entered Zunyi City. Not only did the people in Zunyi City not flee, but they also gathered in groups, such as orphans' studios, school students, merchants and poor people, and hung flags to welcome the Red Army..."; "(In Zunyi) these ten Two days of rest allowed the Red Army to fully recover from their fatigue in southern Hunan and refresh themselves; not only would their combat effectiveness not be reduced in the future war, but they would be more vigorous and energetic. ""...On the second day after entering Zunyi City, they were in the clothing factory and repairing equipment. The institute and the grain and grain factory have been opened. Military uniforms for new soldiers will be issued soon, and the old guns will be repaired. "Peng Xuefeng recalled: "Zunyi is the city that the soldiers missed the most since the Long March: the relatively prosperous streets and the loving people. , those bright red oranges, those soft cakes... Just shout: "When the Red Army comes!" The young men will follow. At that time, each regiment will always have 80 new soldiers every day. Come."

The creation of the Eastern Guizhou base area by the Second Red Army and the Sixth Red Army and the Thousand Mile Swing Battle of Wumeng Mountain also wrote glorious chapters. Commanding troops in eastern Guizhou, it effectively coordinated the strategic shift of the Central Red Army. The move to Wumeng created another successful example of getting rid of powerful enemies and annihilating them with movement during the Long March. On Kunniu Mountain, more than a hundred Red Army soldiers ran out of ammunition and food, preferring death to surrender. Finally, they all jumped off the cliff, a feat that shocked the world and made people cry.

During the Long March, nearly 10,000 people of all ethnic groups joined the Red Army in Guizhou; during the Long March, the Party Central Committee approved the establishment of the only provincial-level local party organization; in Guizhou, the legacy of the Red Army has been passed down from generation to generation. The spirit of the Red Army has a profound influence.

In the three cities along the way, the facts that have influenced and changed history have been widely known; you may also gain unexpected benefits during an on-site visit. Walking out of the Liping Conference site at No. 52 Erlangpo in the east of Liping County, and strolling in the streets among the old banyan trees, you might hear insiders tell the life stories of the hundreds of wounded Red Army soldiers who stayed in Liping.

Walking deep in the quaint streets of Zunyi, from those hearty laughter and natural smiles, you may suddenly realize why this city with a population of only 30,000 at that time had 3,000 children following it. The Red Army moved north, and in the following years dozens of students overcame many difficulties and rushed to Yan'an.

At the third ferry crossing of the Red Army’s fourth crossing of Chishui in Maotai Town, under the monument of the fourth crossing of Chishui, you can have a glass of Moutai and listen to the local people’s stories about how Moutai cleaned the wounds of the Red Army soldiers.

When visiting the tomb of the martyrs at the foot of Kunniu Mountain, you may marvel at the voluntary tomb-keeping of a farmer's family for decades, and you may even have the phrase "It is the honor of Qingshan to bury loyal souls" that comes to mind.

Here, history is vivid and fresh in everyone’s memory. Here, it is very easy to have an epiphany-like gain in your feelings about life.

So, on the mountain roads of Guizhou, waves of travelers come, walking with their hearts and revisiting them, to find the reason why this landscape has become a holy place and a blessed place in the heart. .

Look, the Wujiang River is rushing in front of us. The Red Army is trying to cross but has no ships. How anxious it is! It doesn't matter, the answer hidden in the mountains and rivers has already been revealed: cut down the bamboos on the riverside and tie them into bamboo rafts, which is a ferry; tie the ten or eight military pots with ropes and bamboos to make a ferry.

You see, inheriting the spirit of the Red Army, the darkness before dawn in Xifeng Concentration Camp was eventually extinguished by the heroism of the revolutionaries.

Yes, in the face of a brain that is good at thinking and a strong mind, there is no need to fear difficulties, and setbacks do not just accumulate into failure.

Looking for the red ruins in Guizhou is exactly this kind of spiritual journey.

Some people say that if you look at the mountains and rivers of Guizhou, the answer is already there.

Mountains have perseverance, so they can stand upright as high as the clouds; water has the flexibility to never turn back after encountering all kinds of twists and turns, so it has the various postures and expressions of falling from a high place and being full of energy.

Isn’t this the spirit we should uphold when facing setbacks?

The answer is, in the face of setbacks, how to seize opportunities, choose paths, and usher in turning points. This answer is vital to a country, a nation, and a political party. It is also full of enlightenment for individual people.

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